Overview of tenses 1:
Present tenses are used to talk about the
present time. These tenses include:
现在
1. simple present（一般现在时）
2. present continuous（现在进行时）
3. present perfect（现在完成时）
4. present perfect continuous
（现在完成进行时）
时态
I. the simple present tense一般现在时
1. 表示客观事实或普通真理. (不受时态限制)
1.地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
The geography teacher told us the earth
moves around the sun.
2.太阳东升西落。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the
west.
2. 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的
状态, 常和often, always, usually, sometimes,
everyday, once a week 等表示频率的时间状
语连用。
1.他每天晚饭后散步。
He takes a walk after supper every day.
2.我们总是相互关心相互帮助。
We always care for each other and help
each other.
3. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
1.斯密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃。
Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any.
2.玛丽英语和法语都说的很好。
Mary speaks both English and French
very well.
4. 表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。
飞机上午10点起飞。
The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.
明天是星期三。Tomorrow is Wednesday.
5. 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在
时表示将来
1.如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。
We will have to put off the sports
meeting if it rains tomorrow.
2.除非老板同意，否则我不能走。
I can’t leave unless my boss agrees.
If you will accept my invitation and
come to our party, my family will be
pleased.
Notes: if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall 或
will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。
II. The present continuous tense 现在进行时
1. 表示说话时、或某时间段正在进行的动作。
1.--- What are you doing?
--- I am writing a letter.
2. It’s raining heavily now, so we
must stay inside.
2. 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作。
1.简在学习法律而她的姐姐在学习物理。
Jane is studying law while her sister
is learning physics.
2.他正在一边教英语一边学中文。
He is teaching English and learning
Chinese.
3. 表示按计划近期内即将发生的动作。
1. I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.
我今晚要去见王先生。
2. 我计划今年去青岛过暑假。
I am going to Qingdao for the summer
holiday this year.
3.飞机即将飞往伦敦。
The plane is leaving for London soon.
4. 与always often 等频度副词连用表示经常
反复的行为或某种感情色彩。
1.The girl is always talking loud in public.
那个女孩总爱当众大声喧哗。
2.她经常借钱却忘记还。
She is often borrowing money and
forgetting to pay me back.
3.她不停地抱怨(complain)自己的命运
(fate)不好。
She is constantly complaining about
her fate.
Notes: 以下四类动词不宜用现在进行时。
A 表示心理状态、情感的动词
like, love, hate, care, remember, believe,
want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need
B 表示存在状态的动词
appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to,
depend on
C 表示瞬间动作的动词
allow, accept, permit, promise, admit,
complete
D 表示感官的动词
see, hear, notice, smell, sound,
taste, look
Simple present
Present continuous
1.客观事实
1.某一时刻/时段
2.经常发生
3.时刻表,计划 2.按计划要发生
4.状语从句中 3.感情色彩
Practice:
1.Ma ling lives
______in Shanghai, but
living Beijing at the
she is
_______in
moment. (live)
2. A big building______
stands in the
centre of the city. A girl
__________at
is standing the gate of the store.
(stand)
Practice:
a scheduled
future action
takes
1.The plane ______(take)
off at 10:00.
am leaving
2.I ______________(leave)
tomorrow.
a planned
future action
Practice:
I always ______(have)
have
a cup of
am
coffee in the morning, but I____
forgetting
always ___________(forget)
to
wash the cup afterwards.
Practice:
is coming (come)
The bus_________
Here comes
_____(come) the bus!
is ringing (ring).
The bell___________
goes
There ____(go)
the bell!
Inverted
sentences
III. The present perfect tense现在完成时
1. 表示反复发生的动作
1.He has hosted the show eight times.
他已经连续八次主持表演。
2.Billy Crystal has been in many films
and television shows.
贝利克克里斯托已经出演过多部电影和电
视剧
3.我们已去过长城多次。
We have been to the Great Wall
many times.
2. 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留下
某种后果和影响。
1.He has paid his income tax.
他已经交了个人所得税。
2. 医生们已经发现经常大笑的人长寿。
Doctors have found that people
who laugh a lot live longer!
3. 表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在。
1.My mother has been ill for three days.
我妈妈已经生病3天。
2. 我们大部分人已经学了5年英语了。
Most of us have studied English for 5
years.
4. 下列句型中常用现在完成时。
1.It is (has been) +一段时间＋ since +从句
2.This (That/ It ) is the first (second…)
time that + 完成时
3.This (That/ It) is the best/ finest / most
interesting….+that+完成时
It’s/ It has been 3 years since they got
married.
It’s the first time that I have been to the
Great Wall.
This is the most interesting film that I
have seen.
Notes: 在时间或条件状语从句中，
现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。
If you have done the experiment, you’ll
understand the theory better.
如果你做完试验，你会更好地理解
这个理论的。
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
车停稳之前，别忙着下车。
注意区分一般过去时与现在完成时
时间上有差异：凡有具体的过去时间，均
用过去时态，不能用完成时，如：ago,
last year, just now, the other day 等。
结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对
“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚
完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的动
作发生在过去，和现在没有关系。
IV. the present perfect continuous tense
现在完成进行时
表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现
在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也
可能还要继续下去。
Chinese have been making paper for
more than 2000 years.
中国造纸的历史已有2000多年了。
多年来，医生们一直在研究这个问题。
Doctors have been researching that
question for many years.
孩子们一上午一直在看电视。
The children have been watching
TV all morning.
Present perfect
Notes 3-4 Present perfect continuous
1.反复发生
2.发生在过去
产生影响
3.仍然持续
发生在过去持续
到现在。动作可
能刚刚结束,也
可能持续下去。
过去
发生在________的动作,一直持续
影响
到__________,对现在产生
现在
Be careful! John has been painting the
door.
John has painted the door.
现在完成进行
___________时所表示的结果是直接的，
而__________所表示的则是最后的结果。
现在完成
时
continuation
They have been widening the road.
他们在加宽马路，但尚未完工。
They have widened the road.
他们已加宽了马路，已完工。
现在完成进行时
_____________有时有延续性，
___________往往没有延续性.
现在完成时
Recently Mary has been doing her work
regularly．
Recently Mary has done her work
regularly
现在完成进行时比较生动,含有明显的感
情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个
事实，一种影响或结果，没有什么感情
色彩可言。
Practice:
• 谁在喝我的酒？
• 谁喝了我的酒？
Who has been drinking my wine?
Who has drunk my wine?
Practice:
have known
• I ___________(认识)
him for many years.
have been trying
• All these years we _______________(设
法) to get in touch with you.
have been married
• They ____________________(结婚)
for
twenty years.
have been considering (考
• All along we ___________________
虑) coming to see you.
am tired, but happy today. I
• I_____
have been writing my play since
______________
am looking
January, and now I __________
is
for actors to perform in it. It ___
exciting to think of them saying
have been imagining
the words I ________________
for months. I have already found
one enthusiastic actor who
is
____super.
is making a film right now, but
He __________
has been planning to be in a play for
________________
many years.
have designed
I _____________several
advertisements
are printing
for my play. We ___________them
next
are going on sale next
week. Tickets ___________
is tough work, but I
week. Writing ______
hope it will all be worthwhile, and I will
_____
opens
be famous when the play ______.
Answers part A:
1. am
8. has been planning
2. have been writing
9. have designed
3. am looking
10. are printing
4. is
11. are going
5.have been imagining 12. is
6. is
13. hope
7. is making
14. opens
am performing
have been practising
is coming
am
高考链接
Although he has lived with us for
years, he ______ us much
impression. (2004上海春）
A. hadn’t left
B. didn’t leave
C. doesn’t leave D. hasn’t left
In such dry weather, the flowers
will have to be watered if they
_______.
（2001上海）
A. have survive B. are to survive
C. would survive D. will survive
All morning as she waited for the
medical report from the doctor,
her nervousness_______. (2003全
国)
A. has grown
B. is growing
C. grew
D. had grown
―_____ David and Vicky _____ married?
―For about three years. (2003北京)
A How long were; being
B How long have; got
C How long have; been
D How long did; get
John and I _______ friends for eight
years. We first got to know each
other at a Christmas party. But we
______ each other a couple of times
before that. (2002北京春)
A. had been; have seen
B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen
D. have been; had seen
I know a little bit about Italy as my wife
and I
there several years
ago．(2007全国)
A. are going
B. had been
C. went
D. have been
The flowers were so lovely that they ___
in no time．(2007全国)
A. sold
B. had been sold
C. were sold
D. would sell
---How can I apply for an online course?
---Just fill out this form and we _____ what
we can do for you. (2007全国)
A. see
B. are seeing
C. have seen
D. will see
I got caught in the rain and my suit____.
(2007北京)
A. has ruined
B. had ruined
C. has been ruined
D. had been ruined
Translate the following
sentences:
火车将在上午9：00点钟开。
The train starts at nine in the morning.
那个小孩总是爱惹麻烦。
That boy is always making trouble.
我做完家庭作业就去你家。
I’ll go to your home when I have finished
my homework.
你在逛街的时候别忘了交通规则。
When you are going around the street,
don’t forget the traffic rules.
用所给动词的一般现在时，现在完成时，
现在进行时或现在完成进行时的形式填
充。
have David and Vicky
• --- How long______
been married
______
_______ (marry)?
---For about three years.
is (be)
• 2. Come and see me whenever it ____
convenient to you.
• 3. The water will be further polluted unless
are ______(take).
taken
some measures ____
6. Because the shop____
is closing
______(close) down,
all the T-shirts are sold at half price.
has ____
been_____(try)
tried
7. Every possible means ___
to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is
still not clear.
8. ---What’s that terrible noise?
are preparing
---The neighbors ____
________(prepare) for
a party.
9. The Smiths moved to settle in Canada in
have _____
been _____(live)
living
2003, so they_____
there
for 3 years.
• 10. The number of deaths from heart
disease will be reduced greatly if people
___
___________ (persuade) to eat more
are persuaded
fruit and vegetables.
are always ________(watch)
watching
• 11. You _____
television. Why not do something more
active?
been _______
waiting
• 12. The crazy fans have
____ ____
(wait) patiently for two hours and they will
wait till the movie star arrives.
• 13. Don’t stop your car here. Look at the
reads
sign which _____(read)
“No Parking!”
1. I have already found one enthusiastic
actor who is super. 我已经找到了一个非
常优秀的热心演员。
enthusiastic: adj. 热情的
You don't seem very enthusiastic about the
party —— don't you want to go tonight?
enthusiasm noun [U] 热情
One of the good things about teaching
young children is their enthusiasm.
After the accident he lost his enthusiasm
for the sport.
2. Writing is tough work, but I hope it will
all be worthwhile.
写作是很辛苦的工作，但我希望它会是值得
的。
tough: adj. 艰苦的,艰难的
They will be a tough team to beat.
The company is going through a tough
time at the moment.
Many homeless people are facing a
tough winter.
worthwhile: adj. 值得的
She considers teaching a worthwhile
career.
The time and expense involved in
keeping up to date with all the changes
has been worthwhile.
worth adj.值得的
(1) be worth sth.
I think this matter is worth our attention.
The National Museum is worth a visit.
(2) be worth having/doing sth.
There's nothing worth reading in this
newspaper.
The film is worth reading again.
Check the answers (P102 C1):
1. plays; has not had
2. leave
3. are making
4. Have see
5. are saving
6. don’t need
7. have taken
8. has been developing
Check the answers (P102 C2):
The environment in the north of China
has improved greatly since the
government took measures to plant
more trees. Beijing has not been
experiencing as many sandstorms as
it used to. There have been three
sandstorms in Beijing since the
beginning of this year. This is good
considering that Beijing experienced
more than a dozen sandstorms a year
during the 1990s.
The Chinese government and the
Chinese people are paying more
attention to the environment now.
Many trees have been planted in the
west and even more will be planted
over the next few years . The young
trees are growing quickly. These
trees will stop the soil from being
carried away by strong winds.
Unhealthy trees are cut down from
time to time.
The villagers in the west have been
highly involved in the project. They
plant trees, water them, and make
sure their cows do not knock them
down or eat them. They have been
trying their best to protect the trees.
It’s hard work but they think it’s
worth it.
1. ---What would you do if it
_____ tomorrow?
---We have to carry it on, since
we have got everything ready.
A. rain
B. rains
C. will rain
D. is raining
2. Listen to the two girls by the
window. What language_____?
A. did they speak
B. were they speaking
C. are they speaking
D. have they been speaking
3. Scientists think that the
continents _____ always
where they _____ today.
A. aren’t; are
B. aren’t; were
C. weren’t; are
D. weren’t; were
4. Professor Smith, along with
his assistants, _____ on the
project day and night to meet
the deadline.
A. work
B. working
C. is working D. are working
5. They have a good knowledge
of English but little _____ they
know about German.
A. have
B. did
C. had
D. do
6. ---What are you going to do this
afternoon?
---I’m going to the cinema with
some friends. The film_____ quite
early, so we_____ to the bookstore
after that.
A. finished; are going
B. finished; go
C. finishes; are going
D. finishes; go
7. Millions of pounds’ worth of
damage _____ by a storm which
swept across the north of
England last night.
A. has been caused
B. had been caused
C. will be caused
D. will have been caused
8. He was hoping to go abroad but
his parents _____ that they won’t
support him unless he can
borrow money from the bank.
A. were deciding
B. have decided
C. decided
D. will decide
9. Since I won the big prize, my
telephone hasn’t stopped ringing.
People _____ to ask how I am
going to spend the money.
A. phone
B. will phone
C. were phoning
D. are phoning
10. Nowadays, a large number of
women, especially those from
the countryside, _____ in the
clothing industry.
A. is working
B. works
C. work
D. worked
11. Months ago, we sailed ten
thousand miles across this
open sea, which _____ the
Pacific, and we met no storms.
A. was called B. is called
C. had been called
D. has been called
12. With more forests being
destroyed, huge quantities of
good earth _____ each year.
A. is washing away
B. is being washed away
C. are washing away
D. are being washed away
13. The country life he was used
to _____ greatly since 1992.
A. change
B. has changed
C. changing D. have changed
14. ---Are you still busy?
---Yes, I _____ my work, and it
won’t take long.
A. just finish
B. am just finishing
C. have just finished
D. am just going to finish
15. They ____on the program for almost
one week before I joined them, and
now we ______ on it as no good
results have come out so far.
A. had been working; are still working
B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked
D. have worked; are still working
16. Years ago we didn’t know this,
but recent science_____ that
people who don’t sleep well
soon get ill.
A. showed
B. has shown
C. will show D. is showing
How many have you got
correct?
14-16
10-13
9-12
8-
A
B
C
D
1. The house belongs to my aunt
but she_____ here any more.
A. hasn’t lived
B. didn’t live
C. hadn’t lived
D. doesn’t live
2. As you can see, the number of
cars on our roads _____ rising
these days.
A. was keeping
B. keep
C. keeps
D. were keeping
3. --- _____ leave at the end of
this month.
---I don’t think you should do
that until _____ another job.
A. I’m going to; you’d found
B. I’m going to; you’ve found
C. I’ll; you’ll find
D. I’ll; you’d find
4. ---Where did you put the car keys?
---Oh, I _____ I put them on the
chair because the phone rang as
I ____ in.
A. remembered; come
B. remembered; was coming
C. remember; come
D. remember; was coming
5. I have to go to work by taxi
because my car_____ at the
garage.
A. will be repaired
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. has been repaired
6. Customers are asked to make
sure that they _____ the right
change before leaving the shop.
A. will give
B. have been given
C. have given
D. will be given
7. ---I was wondering if we could
go skiing on the weekend.
---_____ good.
A. Sound
B. Sounded
C. Sounding D. Sounds
8. I won’t tell the student the
answer to the math problem
until he_____ on it for more
than an hour.
A. has been working
B. will have worked
C. will have been working
D. had worked
9. The father as well as his three
children _____ skating on the
frozen river every Sunday
afternoon in winter.
A. is going
B. go
C. goes
D. are going
10. Ladies and gentlemen, please
fasten your seat belts. The
plane _____.
A. takes off
B. is taking off
C. has taken off D. took off
11. Although the causes of
cancer_____, we do not yet
have any practical way to
prevent it.
A. are being uncovered
B. have been uncovering
C. are uncovering
D. have uncovered
12. Police are now searching for
a woman who is reported to
_____ since the flood hit the
area last Friday.
A. have been missing
B. have got lost
C. be missing D. get lost
13. This machine_____. It hasn’t
worked for years.
A. didn’t work
B. wasn’t working
C. doesn’t work
D. isn’t working
14. My friend, who_____ on the
International Olympic
Committee all his life, is
retiring next month.
A. served
B. is serving
C. had served D. has served
15. Look at the timetable. Hurry
up! Flight 4026_____ off at
18:20.
A. takes
B. took
C. will be taken
D. has taken
16. At the foot of the mountain
_____.
A. a village lie
B. lies a village
C. does a village
D. lying a village
17. Most of what has been said
about the Smiths_____ also
true of the Johnsons.
A. are
B. is
C. being
D. to be
18. The construction of the two
new railway lines_____ by
now.
A. has been completed
B. have been completed
C. has completed
D. have completed
19. ---I don’t suppose the police
know who did it.
---Well, surprisingly they do. A
man has been arrested and
now_____.
A. has been questioned
B. is being questioned
C. is questioning
D. has questioned
20. Although medical science
_____ control over several
dangerous disease, what
worries us is that some of them
are returning.
A. achieved B. has achieved
C. will achieve D. had achieved
21. A poet and artist_____
coming to speak to us about
Chinese literature and
painting tomorrow afternoon.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
22. Send my regards to your
lovely wife when you_____
home.
A. wrote
B. will write
C. have written
D. write
• Are you progressing?
20-22
17-19
14-16
13-
A
B
C
D
Fill in the blanks: work; try; be; own; put
• We have just moved into a new
been workinghard
house and Ihave
_____________
have been trying
all morning. I ______________to
get my new room in order. This
has not been easy because I
___________
_____
own over a thousand books.
To make matters worse, the
room is rather small, so I
have temporarily put
__________________
my books
on the floor.
cover
• At the moment, they ______every
inch of floor space and I actually
have
to walk on them to get in or
______
out of the room. A short while ago,
my sister ______me
to carry one of
helped
my old bookcases up the stairs.
went into my room and got a
She _____
big surprise when she saw all those
books on the floor.
cover; have to; help; go
ever see; need
• 'This is the prettiest carpet I
have ever seen she said. She
_____________,'
gazed at it for some time then added,
'You _______________bookcases
at
don’t need
all. You can sit here in your spare
time and read the carpet!'