Revised 3/22/2016
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 2, Final Exam Review
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Causes longer than normal heart contractions
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Nonspecific body defense: blood vessels dilate, bringing more blood to the area, which in turn brings
phagocytic white blood cells to the area to attack the pathogen, proteins to replace injured tissues, and
clotting factors to stop any bleeding
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Spleen
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Secondary immune response
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Valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle
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Activated T cells increase phagocytosis and antibody formation
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Function of the four valves of the heart includes
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Occurs in response to an injury
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Mucous membranes and skin are examples of which type of nonspecific body defense
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Mainly target cancer cells.
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When a part of a thrombus breaks off, it is referred to as
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Thymus
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Used to rescue a person experiencing anaphylaxis
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Decreases the heart rate
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Secrete chemicals that produce holes in the membranes of harmful cells but do not have to recognize a
specific antigen to start destroying pathogens
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Results in an increased blood pressure
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Covers the heart and the large blood vessels attached to it
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Causes of chest pain are heart-related
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Ccontrolling blood loss when a blood vessel is injured
Revised 3/22/2016
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The strongest blood vessels—those that can constrict or dilate the most
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If chest pain follows a meal and increases when the patient bends over, it is generally due to
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Major vein in the legs.
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Myocardial infarctions result from
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Type of immunity results from having an infectious disease
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Increase T cell production and directly kill cells that have antigens
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Type of immunoglobulin or antibody recognizes bacteria, viruses, and toxins
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Bacteria and viruses are destroyed by white blood cells called
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Allows for the examination of tissues
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Also known as the mitral valve.
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Outermost layer of the heart and contains fat to cushion the heart.
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Walls one cell thick.
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Identifies how far cancer cells have spread.
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Become plasma in response to an antigen and make antibodies against the specific antigen
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Most often results when heart function declines and fluid fills spaces of the lungs
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Allow the lungs to move freely in the thorax due to the secretion of a serous fluid
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Uses peristalsis to push food to the stomach
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Smokers are much more likely to develop, and repeated episodes increase a person's chance of eventually
developing lung cancer.
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Layer of the wall of the alimentary canal contracts to move materials through the canal
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Caused by a blocked artery in the lungs and is frequently the result of immobility
Revised 3/22/2016
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A patient reports several episodes of diarrhea. What would you review with her to try to prevent diarrhea
in the future
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The pancreatic enzyme that digests carbohydrates is
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Extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
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Enzymes digest(s) fats in the small intestine
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Total amount of air that the lungs can hold.
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Stomach lining inflamed
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Main site of nutrient absorption.
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Pancreatic enzyme that digests protein
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Vitamin is needed for production of DNA and red blood cells
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pneumoconiosis
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Caused by a virus and lasts 7–10 days
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nzymes digest(s) sugars in the small intestine
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Amount of air forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation
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Amount of air in the lungs after a forceful exhalation
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Regulates fecal elimination
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Nasal cavity is divided by
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Pancreatic enzyme that digests fats.
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Breakdown of the lining of the stomach
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Line the nasal cavity and help remove pathogens
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Also known as the visceral peritoneum, the ____ of the alimentary canal wall secretes serous fluid to keep
other organs from sticking to the structures of the alimentary canal.
Revised 3/22/2016
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Chronic condition that damages the alveoli of the lungs due to stretching of the spaces between the alveoli
and paralyzes the cilia of the respiratory system
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Iinnermost layer of the alimentary canal wall and absorbs nutrients.
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A collection of air in the chest around the lungs, which may cause atelectasis
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Causes the stomach to rise up through the diaphragm
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Cilia
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Vitamins is needed for protein synthesis
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Respiratory rate
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Outermost layer of the kidneys
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Portion of the renal cortex that extends between the pyramids
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Located between the proximal and distal tubules
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Substances found in urine
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Contains the renal artery, renal vein, and urete
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In which process of urine formation are nutrients, ions, and water returned to the body
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Kidneys are ____ to the peritoneal cavity
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Inability to maintain an erection long enough to complete sexual intercourse
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Rapid cell division of the zygote
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Takes urine away from the bladder
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Cramps that are severe enough to limit normal activities
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Which method of contraception contains low doses of estrogen or progesterone
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Includes week 9 until delivery
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The group of capillaries that forms the renal corpuscle
Revised 3/22/2016
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Join with other, similar structures from other nephrons to form collecting ducts.
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Carry sperm cells from the epididymis to the urethra
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Section of the tubule connected to the glomerulus
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Parasitic protozoan causes
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Process of urine formation do drugs and hydrogen ions enter the filtrate
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Medial depression of a kidney
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Expansion of the ureter inside the kidneys
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Tissues of the uterine lining grow outside the uterus
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ADH controls the amount of water the body keeps
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Located between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta during fetal development
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Uses a peristaltic action to take urine to the bladder
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Carries the filtrate away from the glomerulus
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Contains the female erectile tissue and is rich in sensory nerves
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Tiny vessels that surround the tubules
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Possibly caused by an immune disorder
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Primary organs of the male reproductive system because they produce sperm and testosterone.
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Implants in the wall of the uterus
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A mixture of sperm cells and fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands
forms
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At the beginning of spermatogenesis, cells are called ____ and contain 46 chromosomes.
Revised 3/22/2016