Connect!
• How does the superintendent control
the district?
• Why would the job description
notebook be kept in the district office?
• How does each different employee
know what they are supposed to do?
• How do they get that information?
• Why do they just receive a copy?
DNA Control (Protein
Synthesis)
•the nucleus is considered the control center of
the cell because it tells the cell when to make
proteins and which type of proteins to make
•Every cell has a complete set of instructions in
the DNA but different parts of the DNA are read
in different types of cells...thus making different
proteins which carry out the work of the cell
• This is why you have different cells doing
different jobs – your eye cells are using different
parts of the DNA than your stomach cells
(differentiation).
DNA controls a cell
Through it’s many genes
Each cell recipe
Codes unique proteins.
DIFFERENT GENES
MAKE
DIFFERENT PROTEINS
MAKE
DIFFERENT CELLS!
Chunk!
1. How does the nucleus control a cell?
2. How do you get different types of cells?
3. In the song, what does “each cell recipe”
really refer to?
Steps of DNA Production of Protein
(Protein Synthesis)
1.
Transcription
Since DNA cannot
leave the nucleus, it
must send a
messenger. It does
this by copying a
part of itself, much
like replication. This
part becomes the
message sent to the
protein factories of
the cell. It is called
Messenger RNA
(mRNA). mRNA is
created using base
pairing.
When DNA unzips for
protein synthesis, only
the needed genes
unzip. mRNA
nucleotides base pair
with the DNA bases.
The bases of mRNA
are the same as those
of DNA except the T is
replaced by U (uracil).
mRNA is a single
strand molecule.
Chunk!
1. Why does DNA need to stay in the
nucleus?
2. What is the name of the1st step of protein
synthesis?
3. What is made during the 1st step?
4. How is it made?
5. What are the bases in mRNA?
6. Is mRNA double or single stranded?
T
2.
Protein factories known as ribosomes
receive the MRNA and synthesize
proteins from 20 different types of amino
acids in the cell.
3.
As ribosome moves along the mRNA,
bases are read in threes (codon).
Transfer RNA’s (tRNA’s) have an
anticodon that bonds to the codon and
drops off an amino acid in the process.
Every 3 bases codes for 1 amino acid.
4.
Chains of amino acids form proteins
(often enzymes).
R
A
N
S
L
A
T
I
O
N
T
R
A
N
S
L
A
T
I
O
N
OVERVIEW OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Chunk!
1. What is the 2nd part of protein synthesis
called?
2. Where does the mRNA go to?
3. What is the proper term for “protein
factories”?
4. What do tRNA’s do?
5. Define codon.
6. What is an anticodon, and where is it
found?
7. How many bases code for 1 amino acid?
8. What is a chain of amino acids called?
9. How does the nucleus control a cell?
10. Identify each item below.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Where is the DNA
located?
Where does
transcription
occur?
Why is the DNA
called a template?
What is a codon?
Where does
translation occur?
What is missing
from this diagram?
JFF