Adolph Eichmann
Mastermind of the
Holocaust
After WWII managed
to escape to
Argentina
Captured by the
Mossad
Executed May 1962
to the right – meant labor; to the left – the gas chambers
Baby Boom Period
United Nations formed 1945
Trygve Lie
1st Secretary General
of the United Nations
Bernard Baruch
1946: Asked for the
creation of a U.N. agency
with international
authority over atomic
research
U.S. and Soviet Union did
not want to give up
independence to develop
atomic weapons
1952: U.S. tests first Hydrogen bomb in the Pacific
Current UN
Secretary
General
Ban Ki-moon
from South
Korea
1946 Winston Churchill delivers his “Iron Curtain” speech
stating that an “Iron Curtain has descended across Europe”
Secretary of State
George Marshall
Received the Nobel
Peace Prize in 1953
George Kennan
“Containment
Theory” 1947
Berlin Airlift
1948-1952
Airlift results in the
formation of:
East Germany (GDR)
and
West Germany (FRG)
Berlin remained divided
The Pentagon, Headquarters of the Department of Defense
(Created 1947 by the National Security Act)
James Forrestal
1st Secretary of
Defense
CIA Headquarters, Langley, Virginia
Mao Zedong
Chiang Kai Shek
Richard Nixon begins
his political career
hunting communists
as a member of
HUAC (1948)
House Un-American
Activities Committee
“Pumpkin Papers”
Alger Hiss
U.S. government
official
Accused of being a
Soviet spy and was
convicted of perjury
Served 3 ½ years in
prison
Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg
Convicted and
executed for
giving atomic
weapon secrets
to Russia
Candidates in the 1948 Presidential Election
Harry Truman
Democrat
Strom Thurmond
Southern Democrat
“Dixiecrats”
Thomas Dewey
Republican
Executive Order
9981 (1948)
President Truman
desegregates the
army
Jackie Robinson
1947:
1st AfricanAmerican to
break the color
barrier in Major
League baseball
Although, while
serving in a still
segregated army,
2nd Lt. Robinson
was brought up on
charges of refusing
to move to the back
of a bus and courtmartialed
Civil Rights Movement

Before the Civil War:
Slave Codes
After the Civil War:
Black Codes
Become the “Jim Crow” laws of the
South
Plessy v. Ferguson

 1890: the State of Louisiana passed a law:
 "Separate Car Act" that required separate
accommodations for blacks and whites on railroads,
including separate railway cars
 June 7, 1892: Homer Plessy bought a first class
ticket at the Press Street Depot and boarded a
"whites only" car and was arrested
 Case goes to the Supreme Court which ruled against
Plessy establishing the “separate but equal doctrine”
 As long as facilities were equal segregation was legal
NAACP

 National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People
 Founded February 12, 1909
 Mission: "to ensure the political, educational, social,
and economic equality of rights of all persons and to
eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination.
 Race Riot of 1908 (Springfield, Ill) spurred then need
for a civil rights organization
NAACP Cont.

 Founding members included:
 W.E.B. Du Bois and Ida B. Wells
 NAACP concentrated on using the courts to
overturn the Jim Crow statutes that legalized racial
segregation
 Grandfather clauses limiting voting rights
 Lynching of African-Americans
 Had to overturn Plessy v. Ferguson
Ida Wells
Author of “A Red
Record”
Documented the
lynchings of
African-Americans
Brown v Board of Ed. 1954

 Landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that
declared state laws establishing separate public
schools for black and white students
unconstitutional
 The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson
decision of 1896 which allowed state-sponsored
segregation
 Lead attorney for the NAACP:
 Thurgood Marshall
“With all deliberate speed”

 Time frame that the S.C. recommended for
desegregation of schools.
 Southern states used as a tool to delay the ruling
Little Rock Nine 1957
Governor
Orval Faubus
of Arkansas
utilizes the
National Guard
to prevent
AfricanAmerican
students from
entering
Central High
School
Governor of Alabama, George Wallace, stands at the door of
Univ. of Alabama refusing entrance to the first enrolled
African-American students
James Meredith enters Univ of Alabama escorted
by Federal Marshals
Vivian Jones enters Univ of Alabama also escorted by
Federal Marshals
Rosa Parks

 “First Lady of the Civil Rights Movement”
 Arrested December 1, 1955 for not giving up her seat on
the bus to a white woman
 Started the year long Montgomery bus boycott
 Martin Luther King emerges as the leader of the Civil
Rights Movement
 Message was “Non-violent resistance”
 Boycott lasted for 381 days
 Dozens of public buses stood idle for months, severely
damaging the bus transit company's finances
 Law requiring segregation on public buses was lifted.
Received the
Spingarn Medal in
1979
Highest award
given by the
NAACP
Civil Rights workers murdered in Mississippi 1964
August 28, 1963
Martin Luther King
delivers
“I have a dream
speech”
LBJ and Civil Rights

 Civil Rights Act of 1964:
 Outlawed major forms of discrimination against
African Americans and women, including racial
segregation.
 It ended unequal application of voter registration
requirements
 Ended racial segregation in schools, at the workplace
and by facilities that served the general public
Cont.

 Voting Rights Act of 1965:
 Outlawed discriminatory voting practices
 Prohibited African Americans from voting in the
U.S.
 Outlaws poll taxes and literacy tests