AFNR Biology-Semester 2- Resources for Studying
Exam Review
Biology text-Ch. 8-18
Plants-Packet handouts
Animals-Animal Science book Ch. 1-3 Worksheets
Old tests and worksheets
Practice tests and other resources on mrseggleston.com
Written Vocabulary and Quizlet
Chapter 8
How do plants and other organisms capture energy from the sun?
8.1
How do organisms store energy?
Vocabulary
Photosynthesis
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Adenosine triphosphate
8.2
What cellular structures and molecules are involved in photosynthesis?
Vocabulary
Light-dependent reactions
Light-independent reactions
NADP+
Stroma
Chlorophyll
Thylakoid
Pigment
8.3
How do photosynthetic organisms convert the sun’s energy into chemical energy?
Vocabulary
Calvin Cycle
ATP synthase
Electron Transport Chain
Photosystem
Chapter 9
How do organisms obtain energy?
9.1
Why do most organisms undergo the process of cellular respiration?
Vocabulary
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Cellular respiration
Calorie
9.2
How do cells release energy from food in the presence of oxygen?
Vocabulary
Matrix
Krebs cycle
NAD+
Glycolysis
9.3
How do cells release energy from food without oxygen?
Vocabulary
Fermentation
Chapter 10
How does a cell produce a new cell?
10.1
Why do cells divide?
Vocabulary
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Cell division
10.2
How do cells divide?
Vocabulary
Chromosome
Centromere
Centriole
Mitosis
Chromatin
Cytokinesis
Metaphase
Telophase
Anaphase
Prophase
Cell cycle
Interphase
Chromatid
Chapter 11
How does cellular information pass from one generation to another?
11.1
How does an organism pass its characteristics on to its offspring?
Vocabulary
Genetics
Fertilization
Trait
Hybrid
Gene
Allele
Principle of dominance
Segregation
Gamete
11.2
How can you predict the outcome of the genetic cross?
Vocabulary
Probability
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Phenotype
Genotype
Punnett square
Independent assortment
11.3
How can interactions between alleles, genes, and the environment affect an organism’s trait?
Vocabulary
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Multiple alleles
Polygenic trait
11.4
How does a cell divide to create cells with exactly half of the original cell’s genetic
information?
Vocabulary
Homologous
Diploid
Haploid
Meiosis
Tetrad
Crossing over
Zygote
Chapter 12
What is the structure of DNA, and how does it function in genetic inheritance?
12.1
How did scientists determine that DNA is responsible for storing, copying and transmitting
genetic information?
Vocabulary
Transformation
Bacteriophage
12.2
How was the basic structure of DNA discovered?
Vocabulary
Base pairing
12.3
How do cells copy their DNA?
Vocabulary
Replication
DNA polymerase
Telomere
Chapter 13
How does information flow from the cell nucleus to direct the synthesis of proteins in the
cytoplasm?
13.1
What is RNA?
Vocabulary
Promoter
Intron
Exon
RNA polymerase
Transcription
Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Transfer RNA
RNA
13.2
How do cells make protein?
Vocabulary
Polypeptide
Genetic code
Codon
Translation
Anticodon
Gene expression
13.3
What happens when a cell’s DNA changes?
Vocabulary
Mutation
Point Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
Mutagen
Polyploidy
13.4
How do cell’s regulate gene expression?
Vocabulary
Operon
Operator
Differentiation
Chapter 14
How can we use genetics to study human inheritance?
14.1
How does studying the human genome help us to draw conclusions about inheritance traits?
Vocabulary
Genome
Karyotype
Sex chromosome
Autosome
Sex-linked
Pedigree
Nondisjunction
14.2
What causes human genetic disorders?
Chapter 15
How and why do scientists manipulate DNA in living cells?
15.1
How do humans take advantage of naturally occurring variation among organisms?
15.2
How do scientists study and work with specific genes?
15.3
How do humans use genetic engineering?
15.4
What are some of the ethical issues raised by genetic engineering?
Vocabulary
Genetic Engineering
Selective breeding
Hybridization
Inbreeding
Chapter 16
Vocabulary
Biogeography
Homologous structure
Analogous structure
Vestigial structure
Natural selection
Fitness
Fossil
Artificial selection
Adaptation
Evolution
Chapter 17
Vocabulary
Gene pool
Allele
Gene frequency
Single-gene trait
Polygenic trait
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection
Genetic drift
Bottleneck effect
Founder effect
Hardy-Weinberg principle
Sexual selection
Species
Specification
Reproductive isolation
Behavioral isolation
Geopraphic isolation
Temporal isolation
Molecular clock
Chapter 18
Vocabulary
Clade
Cladogram
Monophyletic group
Derived character
Domain
Eukarya
Archaea
Bacteria
Phylogeny
Kingdom
Taxon
Systematic
Genus
Family
Order
Phylum
Class
Binomial nomenclature