Harvard Referencing
For Dance students
Why is Harvard referencing needed?
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Evidence of background reading
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Acknowledge the research of others
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Avoid accusations of plagiarism
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Easy to trace the background research used
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Helps other researchers
Plagiarism is…
"the substantial unacknowledged incorporation
in a student's work of material derived from
the work (published or unpublished) of
another. "Work" includes internet sources."
(Leeds Metropolitan University, 2001)
How does referencing work?
There are 2 elements to referencing other
people’s work:
 In-text citation
In the body of the text or in the middle of
your essay or report, when you refer to
someone’s ideas
 Full reference in the bibliography
At the back of your work when you list
everything you have referred to in full
Citing in the text – direct quotes
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Name, Year & Page number appear in
brackets:
‘The media has a role in defining what
we think of as a natural….it helps to map
out who we think we are’ (Root 2001,
p.12)
Citing in the text - paraphrasing
Author’s surname and year of publication in brackets:
Liebert and Baron (1997) concluded in a laboratory
situation, that watching a violent programme or
scene made children more willing to be aggressors.
However, other researches have concluded that
television has little or no discernible influence over
the viewer (Bulmer, 1992).
Citing in the text – multiple authors
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3 or fewer authors:
Cutler, Williams & Williams (1989)
4 or more authors:
Matlock et al. (1996)
The bibliography
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Alphabetical list at the end of your work
The bibliography gives the FULL
reference
The following formulas are to make sure
that you do not miss out a crucial fact
and then fail to trace that work again
Book
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Author(s), editor(s) or corporate author (usually an
organisation)
Year of publication in round brackets
Title (this should include the subtitle) - in bold,
italics or underlined, followed by a full stop.
If not the first edition, 2nd ed., 3rd ed. etc.
Series and volume number (if any) followed by a
full stop.
Place of publication followed by a colon:
Publisher followed by a full stop.
Book example
In-text citation:
This theory is explored in detail by Adair (2007).
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Full reference:
Adair, C. (2007) Dancing the black question:
the Phoenix dance company phenomenon.
London: Dance Books.
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Some examples
One author:
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Allen, D. (2000) Performing Chekhov. London: Routledge.
Two authors:
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Oddey, A. & White, C. (2001) The potentials of space: the theory and
practice of scenography and performance. Bristol: Intellect.
Three authors:
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Santelli, R., George-Warren, H. & Brown, J. (2001) American roots music.
New York: Abrams.
Four and more authors:
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Nettl, B. et al (1998-2002) The Garland encyclopedia of world music. New
York: Garland.
Editors:
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Aston, E. & Harris, G. eds. (2006) Feminist futures?: theatre, performance,
theory. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Series:
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Banes, S. & Lepecki, A. (2006) The senses in performance. Worlds of
performance. London: Routledge.
Chapter in a book
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Author of chapter/section
Year of publication in round brackets
Title of chapter/section – followed by a full stop.
The word In:
Editor(s) of collected work followed by ed(s).
Title of collected work – underlined, in bold, or in
italics and followed by a full stop.
Place of publication – followed by a colon:
Publisher – followed by a comma,
Page numbers of section referred to – followed by
a full stop.
Chapter in a book - example
Banes, S. (2001) Choreographic methods of
the Judson Dance Theatre. In: Dils, A. &
Albright, A.C. eds. Moving history/dancing
cultures: a dance history reader, pp. 350361. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyn University
Press.
Journal article
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Author(s) or editor(s)
Year of publication in round brackets
Title of the article followed by a full stop.
Title of the journal - bold, in italics or underlined,
followed by a comma
Volume number
Part number in round brackets, followed by a
comma if no month or season
Month or season if any, followed by a comma,
Page numbers of the article, followed by a full
stop.
Journal example
In-text citation:
Abrams (2008) refers to the ‘personal
relationship’ built up with the artists when
watching dance over a number of years.
 Full reference
Abrams, J. (2008) The contemporary moment
of dance: restaging recent classics. PAJ: the
journal of performance and art, 90, pp. 4251.
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Electronic journal
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Author(s) or editor(s)
Year of publication in round brackets
Title of article followed by a full stop.
Title of the journal - bold, in italics or underlined
The word Internet in square brackets, followed by a comma,
Volume number
Part number in round brackets, followed by a comma,
Page number(s) followed by a full stop.
The words Available from, followed by a colon
The url (the Internet address) within chevrons
The word 'Accessed' and the date on which you viewed the
article, in square brackets, followed by a full stop.
Electronic journal example
In-text citation:
Ballets Russes influenced perceptions of dance
(Jowitt, 2009).
Full reference:
 Jowitt, D. (2009) The Ballets Russes
revolution. Dance magazine [Internet], 83
(2), pp. 26-30. Available from
<http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dire
ct=true&db=ibh&AN=36404011&site=ehostlive> [Accessed 26 February, 2009].
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Website
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Author or editor
Year in brackets
Title - bold, in italics or underlined
The word Internet in square brackets.
Place of publication followed by a colon
Publisher followed by a full stop.
The words Available from followed by a colon
The Internet address (url) in chevrons
The word Accessed and the date on which the web
page was viewed, in square brackets followed by a
full stop.
Website example – with an author
In-text:
Schall (2009) points out that Sue Nye’s work as a
choreographer is underpinned by her professional
performing career.
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Full reference:
Schall, A. (2009) Featured choreographer – Sue Nye
[Internet]. London: Dance UK. Available from
<http://www.danceuk.org/metadot/index.pl?id=25110
&isa=Category&op=show> [Accessed 9 March
2009].
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DVDs and videos
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Title – underlined, in bold, or in italics and followed
by a full stop
Year in round brackets
Subsidiary originator (this is optional but the
director is preferred – note that the director’s name
is not written surname first) – followed by a full
stop.
Place of production – followed by a colon:
Organisation
Medium and then format – separated by a colon, in
square brackets and followed by a full stop
DVD and video examples
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Dancing nation: four people, four stories,
four communities. (2001) Directed by
Rosemary Lee & Peter Anderson. Leicester:
Foundation for Community Dance
[video:DVD].
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Signal. (2005) Choreographed by Henri
Oguike. Leeds: Phoenix Dance [video:VHS].
Live dance performance
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Choreographer
Year of performance (in round brackets)
Title of performance (in bold, italics or underlined,
and followed by a full stop)
The dance company, followed by a full stop.
Venue and place where performance was
presented
The day, month and year that you viewed the
performance, followed by a full stop (in square
brackets).
Live performance example
In-text citation:
The performance of Tharp's work was packed
with exhuberant energy (In the upper room,
2007).
 Reference list:
Tharp, T. (2007) In the upper room. American
Ballet Theatre. Sadler’s Wells, London [14
February 2007].
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Further help
York St John Harvard Guide to Referencing
- access on the York St John website
<http://www.yorksj.ac.uk/library/guide/citing/ind
ex.aspx>
For further help contact Lottie Alexander at
l.alexander@yorksj.ac.uk