Supporting information Appendix S1. List of species used in this study, their demographic parameters and references. Table S1. Species used in the study, their finite rate of population increase (), life history attributes (L: lifespan, α: age at sexual maturity, S: entropy) and parameters of the time distribution (g, b, t) of reproductive value (subscript v) and of Baudisch’s sensitivity of population growth rate to the logarithm of fecundity (subscript B). R2 (subscripted for the corresponding time distribution) corresponds to the proportion of variance accounted for by the model fit; n is the number of classes in the corresponding matrix model. The corresponding references are listed after this table. Species Abies concolor Abies magnifica Acacia bilimekii Acer saccharum Aconitum noveboracense Aechmea nudicaulis Agrimonia eupatoria Agropyron repens Alnus incana Ambrosia deltoidea Andropogon semiberberis Anemone patens Annamocarya sinensis Aquilaria malaccensis Aquilegia chrysantha Araucaria cunninghamii Araucaria hunsteinii Ardisia elliptica Arisaema serratum Arisaema triphyllum Aristida bipartita Armeria maritima Aster amellus Astragalus scaphoides Astragalus tyghensis Astrocaryum mexicanum Life form T T S T O F O O T S O O T T F T T S F F O O O O O P (year-1) 1.044 0.974 1.235 1.892 0.990 1.044 0.998 2.963 0.971 0.615 1.252 1.019 0.976 1.224 0.849 1.018 0.987 1.060 0.990 1.073 1.188 1.458 0.943 1.378 1.009 1.007 L (years) α (years) 51 44 467 38 39 12 45 6 32 11 8 13 189 16 8 256 182 188 23 24 25 28 19 15 13 123 27 23 18 5 15 4 7 1 4 3 2 2 47 8 5 95 41 25 8 8 2 5 7 3.0 4 42 S gv bv tv R2v gB bB tB R2B n 3.331 1.525 3.206 1.790 0.124 1.074 2.775 0.334 2.341 0.698 1.810 2.282 2.402 2.103 1.225 4.883 2.860 4.293 2.625 3.777 2.226 2.405 1.224 2.311 2.270 3.952 0.461 0.636 0.116 0.808 0.542 0.3 0.199 0.323 0.945 0.331 0.985 0.799 0.021 0.935 0.545 0.061 0.035 0.218 0.249 0.271 0.192 0.651 0.054 0.956 0.998 0.036 0.036 0.067 0.012 0.047 0.041 0.112 0.015 0.74 0.047 0.021 0.088 0.079 0.033 0.352 0.506 0.025 0.013 0.016 0.173 0.069 0.031 0.133 0.020 0.062 0.108 0.037 92.51 69.43 362.9 84.52 75.62 4.964 199 3.473 75.26 150.2 19.77 25.47 104 20.02 6.393 225.9 130.2 345.8 20.3 25.45 34.4 38.22 62.79 38.33 24.04 42.46 1.000 0.998 0.998 0.997 0.997 0.997 0.999 0.943 0.998 0.998 0.996 0.986 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.999 1.000 0.998 0.998 0.994 0.994 0.999 0.997 0.986 0.998 0.999 0.035 0.037 0.023 0.652 0.149 0.788 0.037 0.131 0.126 0.303 0.621 0.279 0.018 0.026 0.399 0.025 0.018 0.020 0.103 0.317 0.815 0.876 0.073 0.852 0.249 0.041 0.067 0.081 0.516 5.983 0.014 0.016 0.038 1.422 0.151 0.740 0.001 0.308 0.029 5.365 0.781 0.061 0.028 0.109 0.336 0.004 0.002 17.998 0.322 0.081 0.311 0.040 46.498 37.489 9.882 0.770 191.838 0.535 8.668 3.597 12.088 2.775 10.037 2.979 116.115 4.872 5.731 78.526 86.922 36.213 12.079 40.718 109.534 2.949 0.943 2.213 4.208 121.394 0.998 0.998 0.999 0.999 0.998 1.000 0.999 0.956 0.999 0.999 0.964 0.998 0.998 0.945 0.997 1.000 0.998 1.000 0.998 0.998 0.999 0.998 0.999 0.998 0.997 0.999 5 5 6 3 5 3 4 6 5 6 4 5 18 9 5 5 10 7 8 19 7 3 11 3 4 5 Reference 148 148 63 79 29 124 71 95 61 47 133 158 19 135 141 33 34 73 70 9 101 76 97 78 68 113 Species Avicenia marina Banksia ericifolia Betula nana Borderea chouardii Bothriochloa insculpta Bothriochloa ischaemum Bouteloua rigidiseta Brosimum alicastrum Bursera glabrifolia Calathea ovandensis Callitris intratropica Calluna vulgaris Calocedrus macrolepis Calochortus albus Calochortus lyallii Calochortus macrocarpus Calochortus obispoensis Calochortus pulchellus Calochortus tiburonensis Camellia japonica Carex humilis Cassia nemophila Catopsis sessiliflora Cecropia obtusifolia Centaurea corymbosa Chamaecrista keyensis Chamaedorea radicalis Chamaelirium luteum Chlorocardium rodiei Cimicifuga elata Cirsium acaule Cirsium pannonicum Cirsium vulgare Cleome droserifolia Clidemia hirta Clintonia borealis Coccothrinax readii Coryphantha robbisorum Cryptantha flava Cynoglossum virginianum Cypripedium acaule Life form T S S O O O O T T F T S T O F F O F O T O S F T O O P F T F O O O O S F P O O F F (year-1) 1.237 1.609 0.992 1.002 1.094 0.808 0.932 1.067 1.099 1.551 1.264 2.995 0.968 1.542 0.989 0.946 1.023 1.115 1.156 1.014 1.102 1.207 0.822 1.012 0.996 0.963 1.120 1.004 0.998 1.154 0.983 0.944 2.750 1.118 1.511 1.128 1.055 1.050 0.864 1.103 1.081 L (years) α (years) 39 45 11 133 14 16 13 201 71 15 20 20 144 16 23 26 70 30 57 178 16 44 16 28 6 15 47 58 446 33 46 98 6 76 13 13 116 41 13 11 25 3 12 2 10 2 4 3 17 18 2 12 5 41 3 8 10 20 3 5 25 9 3 9 5 4 6 8 13 206 6 3 3 4 8 3 4 96 8 2 2 4 S gv bv tv R2v gB bB tB R2B n 3.044 2.703 2.166 3.373 1.895 2.262 1.683 4.063 3.651 1.785 2.526 1.411 2.944 1.982 2.563 1.957 3.806 2.377 3.215 4.721 0.786 2.714 0.624 2.599 1.423 2.017 3.240 2.812 3.412 2.526 2.280 1.117 0.020 2.787 2.102 2.480 4.249 3.285 2.203 1.817 1.295 0.222 0.747 0.956 0.184 0.321 0.99 0.606 0.600 0.310 0.75 0.913 0.075 0.043 0.925 0.172 0.209 0.285 0.710 0.437 0.400 0.976 0.468 0.062 0.166 0.743 0.331 0.498 0.427 0.039 0.442 0.371 0.220 0.998 0.441 0.2 0.84 0.244 0.217 0.999 0.300 0.207 0.072 0.090 0.122 0.075 0.029 0.109 0.153 0.011 0.045 0.05 0.157 0.57 0.032 0.159 0.016 0.015 0.018 0.182 0.036 0.048 0.114 0.075 0.030 0.148 0.078 0.125 0.045 0.044 0.060 0.046 0.023 0.012 0.248 0.091 0.357 0.088 0.036 0.017 0.1 0.342 0.158 63.3 66 18.43 33.61 91.23 28.12 12.62 521.5 107.4 73.4 29.57 16.57 125.1 24.54 188.6 200.8 156.5 20.35 109.4 108.5 29.14 71.07 75.64 20.3 10.83 12.65 84.61 81.09 35.46 61.71 99.15 222.3 4.148 67.37 7.452 24.53 166.6 195.6 24.27 6.516 20.64 0.987 0.998 0.995 0.999 0.997 0.998 0.999 0.997 0.999 0.997 0.999 0.987 1.000 0.999 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.999 0.998 0.999 0.997 0.999 0.998 0.997 0.994 0.999 0.999 1.000 0.997 0.996 0.998 0.998 0.984 0.999 0.998 0.989 0.999 0.999 0.994 0.997 0.998 0.162 0.320 0.910 0.057 0.581 0.248 0.958 0.341 0.054 0.245 0.088 0.079 0.025 0.249 0.086 0.074 0.169 0.380 0.094 0.368 0.375 0.351 0.130 0.998 0.862 0.218 0.035 0.155 0.103 0.119 0.065 0.068 0.997 0.267 0.257 0.687 0.024 0.046 0.472 0.430 0.796 0.205 0.629 0.061 0.027 0.009 0.353 0.009 2.391 0.074 0.027 0.278 0.049 0.048 1.350 0.275 0.269 0.009 0.155 0.042 0.043 3.677 0.707 0.373 12.250 0.281 0.285 0.055 0.053 0.027 0.198 0.007 0.218 0.002 0.040 1.036 0.070 0.049 0.018 0.041 0.196 6.249 9.576 4.125 25.038 91.912 25.622 1.641 15.272 6.563 19.998 87.579 12.908 6.27 72.756 2.219 7.854 7.336 212.159 15.389 50.735 154.456 0.213 4.129 8.832 2.074 0.099 6.709 18.262 53.764 132.897 0.532 11.151 3.607 0.432 79.875 1.617 23.215 100.421 6.881 1.536 7.276 4.762 0.999 0.999 0.991 0.928 0.994 0.999 0.995 0.998 0.999 0.994 0.919 0.993 0.998 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.999 0.999 1.000 0.999 0.999 0.995 0.997 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.999 0.998 0.999 0.999 0.996 0.999 0.994 0.999 0.998 0.997 0.999 1.000 14 7 9 4 6 4 5 5 11 5 8 6 6 14 4 9 9 3 4 3 5 4 12 5 8 3 8 5 24 15 5 3 3 4 15 5 3 9 4 7 7 Reference 16 10 31 46 101 45 42 109 56 59 117 127 19 39 91 91 39 39 39 131 156 132 157 2 44 81 8 86 150 68 96 96 13 55 28 114 103 128 83 21 22 Species Cytissus scoparius Dacrydium elatum Danthonia sericea Daucus carota Dicerandra frutescens Dicorynia guianensis Dicymbe altsonii Digitaria eriantha Dipsacus sylvestris Disporum sessile Disporum smilacinum Duguetia neglecta Echeveria longissima Echinacea angustifolia Encephalartos cycadifolius Encephalartos villosus Epilobium latifolium Eremospatha macrocarpus Eryngium cuneifolium Erythronium japonicum Escontria chiotilla Eupatorium perfoliatum Eupatorium resinosum Euterpe edulis Euterpe precatoria Fagus grandifolia Festuca gracillima Fritillaria meleagris Fumana procumbens Garcinia lucida Gardenia actinocarpa Gaura neomexicana Gentiana pneumonanthe Geonoma brevispatha Geonoma macrostachys Geonoma orbignyana Geranium sylvaticum Geum reptans Geum rivale Grias peruviana Guarianthe aurantiaca Life form S T O O O T T O O F F T O O P P O F O F T F F P P T O O S T S O O P P P F O O T F (year-1) 1.217 0.993 1.196 1.367 0.813 1.001 1.028 1.203 2.3219 0.936 1.427 1.006 0.954 1.025 1.031 1.047 1.949 0.979 0.797 1.001 1.019 0.837 0.865 1.258 0.982 0.939 0.799 1.018 1.018 1.063 1.143 1.521 1.335 1.039 0.977 1.074 1.082 1.056 1.014 1.035 0.987 L (years) α (years) 23 172 41 6 8 349 567 10 6 8 12 256 30 41 423 281 33 60 9 14 68 10 10 199 114 28 8 19 17 294 13 6 11 21 132 78 44 21 29 30 40 6 46 2 4.0 4 60 211 4 4 3 3 101 4 5 34 22 6 18 5 2 53 2.0 5.0 23 50 27 3 3 5 82 6 5 2 4.0 26 34 14 4 8 19 9 S gv bv tv R2v gB bB tB R2B n 2.680 3.870 2.922 1.055 1.300 4.229 4.195 2.181 1.135 2.103 1.959 4.093 2.193 3.253 4.654 4.320 2.832 0.992 1.396 2.481 2.969 0.994 1.509 3.150 2.192 3.187 1.717 2.656 2.349 4.463 2.096 1.307 1.641 2.717 4.182 3.923 1.100 4.004 2.701 0.926 2.231 0.063 0.026 0.417 0.989 0.479 0.363 0.031 0.234 0.98 0.185 0.885 0.176 0.509 0.192 0.230 0.089 0.469 0.455 0.172 0.1 0.395 0.834 0.657 0.101 0.083 0.216 0.46 0.589 0.492 0.050 0.462 0.104 0.362 0.869 0.182 0.192 0.074 0.209 0.241 0.043 0.450 0.045 0.029 0.055 0.126 0.447 0.019 0.023 0.116 0.65 0.056 0.1 0.019 0.060 0.016 0.013 0.011 0.028 0.046 0.064 0.592 0.033 0.062 0.066 0.010 0.041 0.051 0.031 0.096 0.037 0.010 0.285 0.25 0.404 0.081 0.018 0.028 0.083 0.017 0.015 1.186 0.041 97.78 78.69 6.158 12.22 11.79 142 239.6 26.88 6.89 32.61 20.85 238.6 46.58 192.3 398.9 325.2 76.1 97.87 82.16 2.557 122.5 18.69 22.42 367.9 99.01 53.06 20.08 27.82 41.47 409.1 12.4 14.69 8.39 39.18 215 190.1 8.61 176.5 213.2 5.66 69.9 0.999 0.997 0.998 0.998 0.995 0.999 1.000 0.998 0.995 0.998 0.987 0.998 1.000 0.998 0.998 1.000 0.998 0.998 0.999 0.964 0.998 0.994 0.996 0.999 1.000 0.998 0.995 0.998 0.994 1.000 0.998 0.989 0.996 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.998 0.997 1.000 1.000 0.373 0.019 0.720 0.405 0.962 0.235 0.688 0.774 0.888 0.772 0.824 0.267 0.515 0.040 0.086 0.048 0.597 0.035 0.083 0.252 0.036 0.454 0.300 0.221 0.071 0.249 0.659 0.297 0.210 0.683 0.778 0.654 0.100 0.614 0.035 0.037 0.210 0.332 0.046 0.656 0.038 0.809 0.028 0.009 4.421 0.001 0.025 0.087 0.033 22.740 0.001 0.080 0.059 0.034 0.074 0.010 0.042 0.974 0.045 0.364 0.666 0.080 0.009 0.271 0.662 0.060 0.056 0.116 0.097 0.227 0.044 16.478 0.570 0.343 0.095 0.058 0.062 0.017 0.019 0.154 0.033 0.089 7.421 130.542 72.777 1.822 33.071 177.992 182.886 1.240 1.590 30.210 19.506 136.060 65.039 7.673 369.772 91.189 35.081 40.353 40.997 32.097 69.542 32.372 0.600 13.499 103.230 68.938 1.511 14.278 9.827 167.990 2.936 0.208 3.979 33.055 46.585 68.885 215.416 228.489 6.590 308.384 18.409 0.998 0.998 0.994 0.995 0.994 0.999 0.998 0.999 0.999 0.995 0.997 0.999 0.999 0.998 0.998 0.996 0.998 0.999 0.998 0.994 0.998 0.998 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.998 1.000 0.999 0.998 0.999 1.000 0.996 0.994 0.999 0.999 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.999 0.998 0.998 8 7 15 6 4 6 9 15 3 7 4 7 12 5 5 9 9 5 4 6 14 12 5 5 7 4 9 4 8 6 8 9 5 5 4 10 11 8 5 5 9 Reference 100 19 92 152 88 111 160 101 155 129 129 160 84 62 121 121 30 74 89 129 105 17 17 43 108 5 102 161 6 50 106 40 104 139 142 123 122 154 71 109 93 Species Haplopappus radiatus Harrisia fragrans Helenium virginicum Helianthemum juliae Helianthus divaricata Heteropogon contortus Hieracium floribundum Hieracium floribundum Hilaria mutica Himantoglossum hircinum Hudsonia montana Hypericum cumulicola Hypochaeris radicata Ipomoea leptophylla Iriartea deltoidea Iris germanica Isatis tinctoria Laccosperma secundiflorum Lathyrus vernus Limonium carolinianum Limonium delicatulum Lindera benzoin Lindera umbellata Lomatium bradshawii Lomatium cookii Lonicera maakii Lupinus arboreus Lupinus tidestromii Mammillaria crucigera Mammillaria pectinifera Manglietia fordiana Manilkara zapota Mauritia flexuosa Miconia albicans Miconia prasina Minuartia obtusiloba Myrsine guianensis Narcissus pseudonarcissus Neobuxbaumia macrocephala Neobuxbaumia mezcalaensis Neobuxbaumia tetetzo Life form O F O S O O O O O O S O O O P O O F F O O S S O O S S O O O T T P S S O T F T T T (year-1) 0.918 0.945 1.115 1.246 1.100 0.974 1.012 1.012 0.972 1.319 0.975 1.325 0.811 1.136 1.081 0.950 1.237 0.961 1.021 1.008 1.264 1.017 1.037 0.976 1.021 2.771 1.398 0.919 0.936 0.744 0.956 1.030 1.046 1.185 0.997 1.000 1.101 0.976 1.033 1.128 1.036 L (years) α (years) 10 37 81 14 11 21 19 19 11 17 25 26 11 35 67 44 4 33 42 25 19 59 77 11 12 4 3 79 3 2.0 2 2 2 2 8 3 6 6 11 29 33 3.0 29 9 5 6 4 26 3 6 14 9 27 12 110 178 31 153 82 453 60 12 85 81 117 4 4 2 5 34 53 24 8 11 3 1 37 45 48 S gv bv tv R2v gB bB tB R2B n 1.811 0.433 3.167 2.342 2.239 2.725 2.349 2.349 2.118 2.036 1.999 2.821 1.459 3.087 0.000 0.022 0.191 0.986 3.101 2.658 2.157 3.531 3.352 2.028 2.009 0.464 2.082 1.789 0.161 0.384 0.899 4.660 3.170 2.968 3.693 3.818 3.656 2.573 3.950 3.827 4.385 0.495 0.245 0.363 0.2 0.354 0.943 0.435 0.435 0.802 0.932 0.156 0.621 0.669 0.886 0.261 0.485 0.521 0.778 0.519 0.176 0.5 0.106 0.376 0.499 0.410 0.978 0.991 0.518 0.874 0.500 0.040 0.027 0.204 0.445 0.265 0.067 0.392 0.081 0.136 0.362 0.194 0.126 0.067 0.021 0.261 0.073 0.069 0.115 0.115 0.16 0.085 0.258 0.073 0.16 0.091 0.078 0.026 0.978 0.040 0.037 0.023 0.1 0.046 0.010 0.142 0.082 0.201 0.249 0.132 0.059 0.016 0.064 0.036 0.127 0.027 0.019 0.032 0.073 0.116 0.018 0.031 0.039 22.99 40.18 158.6 26.55 9.228 43.16 20.42 20.42 20.82 34.27 19.51 46.84 13.84 59.5 82.3 102 6.004 76.56 84.24 158.1 30.28 47.26 221.9 10.9 43.02 29.92 20.82 10.51 53.24 244.4 65.25 148.2 28.79 188.9 161.5 83.56 81.24 22 102.3 168.2 134.1 0.994 0.997 0.998 0.999 0.996 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.997 0.997 0.997 0.999 0.998 0.998 0.997 0.999 0.998 0.999 0.997 0.974 0.997 0.997 0.998 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.997 1.000 0.999 0.998 1.000 0.998 0.998 0.999 0.998 1.000 0.998 0.999 0.998 0.999 0.329 0.471 0.162 0.275 0.977 0.350 0.831 0.831 0.529 0.127 0.075 0.237 0.25 0.177 0.047 0.039 0.998 0.043 0.049 0.501 0.202 0.775 0.036 0.304 0.156 0.128 0.560 0.294 0.059 0.180 0.027 0.102 0.050 0.469 0.040 0.048 0.053 0.559 0.051 0.278 0.036 0.349 0.010 0.010 0.002 0.074 0.056 0.022 0.022 0.082 0.249 0.141 0.515 0.553 0.064 0.107 0.057 22.733 0.098 0.069 1.155 0.627 0.014 0.053 0.343 0.388 0.015 0.871 0.732 0.095 0.468 0.040 0.144 0.112 1.593 0.029 0.010 0.043 0.147 0.120 0.630 0.071 4.221 572.791 244.624 2.017 22.771 19.225 91.128 91.128 2.501 0.255 19.623 0.176 4.241 31.883 35.420 36.333 1.487 21.194 16.564 4.727 3.474 429.095 36.272 5.395 5.821 131.735 1.913 3.072 5.293 6.558 89.642 47.169 31.138 7.372 18.805 745.401 97.151 24.144 39.952 14.654 58.875 0.998 0.999 0.998 0.997 0.999 1.000 0.968 0.968 0.999 0.996 0.999 1.000 0.997 1.000 0.999 0.998 1.000 0.999 0.999 0.998 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.998 0.998 1.000 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.999 1.000 0.999 1.000 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.996 0.999 1.000 0.998 5 4 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 4 6 3 4 4 7 7 7 10 7 5 6 3 9 4 8 5 14 9 7 13 4 7 15 3 10 10 10 Reference 68 120 1 85 98 101 140 144 149 110 49 119 64 69 112 15 66 74 32 3 54 20 52 68 68 15 67 26 24 146 19 25 58 57 107 41 57 4 38 38 38 Species Nothofagus fusca Panax quinquefolium Parashorea chinensis Paronychia pulvinata Pedicularis furbishiae Pentaclethra macroloba Periandra mediterranea Phaseolus lunatus Phyllanthus emblica Phytelephas seemannii Pinguicula alpina Pinguicula villosa Pinguicula vulgaris Pinus kwangtungensis Pinus lambertiana Pinus nigra Pinus palustris Pinus sylvestris Plantago coronopus Plantago media Podococcus barteri Podophyllum peltatum Potentilla anserina Primula farinosa Primula veris Prioria copaifera Prosopis glandulosa Prunus serotina Psidium guajava Pterocarya rhoifolia Pterocereus gaumeri Ranunculus acris Ranunculus bulbosus Ranunculus repens Rhizophora mangle Rhopalostylis sapida Sabal yapa Sanicula europaea Scabiosa columbaria Scaphium borneense Setaria incrassata Life form T F T O O T S O T P O O O T T T T T O O P F O O O T T T T T T O O O T P P F O T O (year-1) 1.006 1.045 0.995 1.000 1.035 1.002 1.071 0.768 0.992 1.059 1.033 0.997 1.086 0.978 1.027 1.530 0.998 1.204 1.142 0.940 1.013 1.158 0.883 1.032 1.117 1.019 1.2949 1.216 0.994 1.103 1.000 1.206 1.8953 0.498 1.078 1.007 1.006 0.893 1.03 1.014 0.936 L (years) α (years) 246 26 249 387 12 138 53 6 20 79 41 13 35 201 47 78 226 20 4 23 34 13 7 19 53 205 80 6 176 55 38 6 6 6 75 222 91 15 12 306 18 42 5 41 3 3 79 8.0 2 7 18 10 5 10 58 21 8 38 12 2 8 10 3 6 10 98 9 2 9 23 14 3 2 4 14 62 59 6 7 105 4 S gv bv tv R2v gB bB tB R2B n 3.525 2.036 4.010 3.865 1.862 3.678 3.491 1.416 2.098 3.864 3.279 2.097 3.110 2.271 3.154 2.217 4.023 2.597 0.796 0.663 3.138 2.171 1.772 2.430 1.002 4.840 3.518 0.036 1.955 3.540 2.630 1.103 0.321 0.559 0.079 4.603 3.230 0.956 2.062 4.504 2.500 0.051 0.545 0.029 0.299 0.22 0.142 0.377 0.745 0.072 0.049 0.507 0.891 0.360 0.022 0.997 0.256 0.08 0.890 0.555 0.149 0.585 0.346 0.775 0.678 0.249 0.157 0.171 0.300 0.055 0.302 0.224 0.04 0.803 0.223 0.154 0.097 0.277 0.935 0.711 0.125 0.806 0.050 0.034 0.022 0.022 0.105 0.029 0.041 0.070 0.033 0.064 0.036 0.123 0.042 0.029 0.101 0.033 0.009 0.102 0.232 0.015 0.05 0.084 0.137 0.068 0.021 0.014 0.032 2.044 0.012 0.051 0.023 0.263 0.262 0.123 0.014 0.041 0.043 0.082 0.09 0.018 0.089 74.11 103.3 167.7 181.2 15.68 127.2 89.27 54.49 96.98 56.2 95.03 19.24 80.3 115.9 38.68 129.8 354.9 37.1 9.655 159.9 64.11 32.7 16.34 34.1 185.7 338.1 119.1 9.47 184.6 138.2 167.1 13.85 12.56 16.92 160.4 104.2 138.8 27.53 19.23 295.2 33.33 0.999 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.998 1.000 0.999 0.999 0.997 0.999 0.999 0.998 0.999 0.999 1.000 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.984 0.997 0.999 0.998 0.984 0.997 1.000 1.000 0.998 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.998 0.998 0.997 0.994 0.999 1.000 0.999 0.999 0.998 0.999 0.996 0.889 0.107 0.018 0.289 0.274 0.518 0.069 0.306 0.054 0.034 0.069 0.247 0.068 0.019 0.035 0.117 0.028 0.100 0.260 0.059 0.166 0.308 0.939 0.205 0.043 0.026 0.053 0.309 0.080 0.109 0.046 0.130 0.186 0.773 0.252 0.044 0.054 0.204 0.238 0.146 0.300 0.027 0.321 0.024 0.023 0.448 0.008 0.071 1.323 0.173 0.057 0.134 0.686 0.110 0.027 0.077 0.559 0.016 0.225 0.046 0.241 0.089 0.295 0.145 0.155 0.020 0.025 0.032 0.201 0.005 0.202 0.121 0.001 7.120 0.178 0.050 0.046 0.055 0.301 0.482 0.022 3.024 298.587 8.431 122.609 200.696 4.433 781.806 26.396 6.347 27.130 30.353 12.452 2.794 12.932 130.020 36.266 6.153 223.644 17.059 2.554 7.972 31.422 1.002 7.967 11.394 8.991 186.407 47.547 111.119 400.793 19.818 27.406 6.102 0.832 0.088 146.008 81.064 92.705 6.325 2.447 299.320 5.632 0.998 0.999 0.998 0.998 0.995 0.997 0.996 0.999 0.999 0.998 0.999 0.996 0.999 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.999 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.999 0.998 0.996 0.999 0.998 0.997 0.998 0.999 1.000 0.999 0.998 0.999 1.000 0.998 0.999 1.000 0.995 0.993 0.998 0.994 4 5 15 9 6 15 8 6 6 6 11 7 11 17 5 8 8 6 4 5 7 2 5 4 6 8 9 11 6 7 10 5 5 7 7 8 8 5 3 9 4 Reference 33 147 19 41 90 53 57 27 134 7 143 143 143 19 148 12 115 145 153 37 14 136 36 80 77 23 48 130 138 65 87 126 126 126 82 35 118 51 151 159 101 Species Silene acaulis Stryhnodendron excelsum Syzygium jambos Tachigali vasquezii Taxus floridana Themeda triandra Thrinax radiata Tillandsia multicaulis Tillandsia punctulata Tolumnia variegata Trillium grandiflorum Ulex gallii Vatica hainanensis Viola fimbriatula Werauhia sanguinolenta Zamia amblyphyllidia Zea diploperennis Life form O T T T T O P F F F F S T F F P O (year-1) 1.010 1.047 1.185 1.053 0.965 0.997 1.129 0.955 0.731 1.359 0.968 1.310 1.000 1.484 1.109 0.979 0.765 L (years) α (years) 338 125 84 71 76 52 88 22 10 16 49 34 63 16 20 10 11 25 79 10 58 14 2 74 11 5 9 22 2 22 12 4 5 S gv bv tv R2v gB bB tB R2B n 4.557 4.363 3.026 3.837 0.403 2.520 3.912 1.787 0.027 2.160 1.932 4.130 3.390 1.139 2.450 0.002 0.821 0.205 0.230 0.185 0.354 0.045 0.582 0.298 0.166 0.381 0.212 0.172 0.166 0.239 0.1 0.850 0.052 0.078 0.032 0.028 0.042 0.065 0.050 0.028 0.060 0.024 0.033 0.013 0.042 0.102 0.042 0.417 0.220 0.034 0.028 139.5 224.9 132.7 97.29 58.33 116.7 118.3 144.8 168.1 206.6 48.4 20.06 94.28 6.557 26.52 61.84 96.87 0.999 0.998 1.000 0.999 0.998 0.998 0.999 0.998 0.998 0.999 0.999 0.999 0.998 0.995 0.997 0.998 0.998 0.956 0.084 0.307 0.047 0.035 0.085 0.094 0.072 0.220 0.119 0.040 0.080 0.051 0.450 0.100 0.035 0.136 0.035 0.193 0.584 0.112 0.046 0.062 0.227 0.213 0.767 0.300 0.133 0.171 0.084 0.177 0.382 0.043 0.385 270.494 39.715 7.172 40.889 40.006 3.537 36.897 10.895 2.744 8.625 15.654 31.737 43.061 5.699 11.203 37.797 17.371 0.998 1.000 0.999 0.999 0.997 0.994 1.000 0.999 0.917 0.999 0.998 1.000 0.998 0.998 0.999 0.948 1.000 12 13 6 15 9 5 9 5 5 4 6 18 13 11 7 10 4 Reference 94 53 11 116 75 101 103 157 157 18 72 140 60 137 162 99 125 References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 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Differences in vital demographic rates in three populations of the epiphytic bromeliad, Werauhia sanguinolenta. Acta Oecologica, 28, 306-312. Appendix S2. Phylogeny of species used in this study. Figure S2. Phylogenetic tree of the 207 species employed to conduct phylogenetic generalised least squares analyses of life history attributes and parameters of the time distributions of (a) reproductive value and (b) Baudisch’s sensitivity of fitness to fecundity . Estimated branch lengths in millions of years. The resolution of the image is high enough to zoom in or print it at 500% amplification.