Chapter 10: Cell Growth and Division
Practice problems:
1. What advantage does sexual reproduction have over asexual reproduction? (section 10-1)
2. Do larger or smaller cells have a larger surface area-to-volume ratio? (section 10-1)
3. The period between cell divisions is called (section 10-2)
4. At the beginning of cell division, a chromosome consists of two (section 10-2)
5. A cell enters anaphase before all of its chromosomes have attached to the spindle. This may indicate that the cell
is not responding to (section 10-3)
6. What cell type can differentiate into any type of cell and tissue? (section 10-4)
7. What regulates the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotes? (section 10-3)
8. The spindle fibers of a dividing cell were labeled with a fluorescent dye. At the beginning of anaphase, a laser
beam was used to mark a region of the spindle fibers about halfway between the centrioles and the chromosomes.
The laser beam stopped the dye from glowing in this region, as shown in the second diagram. The laser did not
inhibit the normal function of the fibers.
This experiment tests a hypothesis about (section 10-2)
A. how chromosomes migrate during cell division.
B. how fluorescent dyes work in the cell.
C. the effect of lasers on cells.
D. why cells divide
Chapter 11: Information and Heredity
Practice Problems:
1. What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis? (section 11-4)
2. Two pink-flowering plants are crossed. The offspring flower s are as follows: 25% red, 25% white, and 50% pink.
What pattern of inheritance does flower color in these flowers follow? (section 11-3)
3. What is used to construct a gene map? (section 11-4)
4. During which phase of meiosis is the chromosome number reduced? (section 11-4)
5. Which ratio did Mendel find in his F2 generation? (section 11-1)
6. Alleles for the same trait are separated from each other during the process of (section 11-4)
7. Genes A, B, C, and D are located on the same chromosome. After calculating recombination frequencies, a
student determines that these genes are separated by the following map units: C–D, 25 map units; A–B, 12 map
units; B–D, 20 map units; A–C, 17 map units.
Which gene map best reflects the student's data? (section 11-4)
A
B
C
D
8. Genes A, B, C, and D are located on the same chromosome. After calculating recombination frequencies, a
student determines that these genes are separated by the following map units: C–D, 25 map units; A–B, 12 map
units; B–D, 20 map units; A–C, 17 map units. How many map units apart are genes A and D? (section 11-4)
9.
9. Which of the following is NOT one of Gregor Mendel's principles? (section 11-2)
A.
A. The alleles for different genes usually segregate dependently.
B. Some forms of a gene may be dominant.
C. The inheritance of characteristics is determined by factors (genes).
B.
D. Crossing-over occurs during meiosis.
Chapter 13: RNA and Protein Synthesis
Practice Problems:
1. How does RNA differ from DNA? (section 13-1)
2. How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA? (section 13-1)
3. In eukaryotes, functional messenger RNA molecules are made from (section 13-1)
A. exons spliced together after introns are removed.
B. introns spliced together after exons are removed.
C. exons spliced together with introns.
D. long pieces of RNA shortened by the Dicer enzyme.
4. Use the diagrams below to answer the question.
Mutant 2 is a(n) (section 13-3)
A. deletion.
B. translocation.
C. inversion.
D. duplication.
5. Use the diagrams below to answer the question.
Mutant 1 is a(n) (section 13-3)
A deletion.
B translocation.
C inversion.
D duplication.
6. Promoters are (section 13-1)
7. Use the chart below to answer the questions.
Which of the following codons signifies the end of translation? (section 13-2)
A CAA
B UGA
C AUC
D CCA
A.
B.
C.
D.
8. Use the chart in #7, which of the chains of amino acids corresponds to the nucleotide sequence
UCAAGCGUA? (section 13-2)
glu-cys-pro
glu-asp-"stop"
thr-arg-met
ser-ser-val
Chapter 17: Evolution of Populations
Practice Problems:
1. Which of the following conditions is most likely to result in changes in allele frequencies in a population?
random mating, small population size, no migrations into or out of a population, absence of natural
selection (section 17-3)
2.
Mutations and the genetic recombination that occurs during sexual reproduction are both
sources of (section 17-1)
3. In a population of lizards, the smallest and largest lizards are more easily preyed upon
than medium-size lizards. What kind of natural selection is most likely to occur in this
situation? (section 17-2)
4.
Populations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are the result of the process of (section 17-2)
5.
If species A and B have very similar genes and proteins , what is probably true? (section 17-4)
A. Species A evolved independently of species B for a long period.
B. Species A is younger than species B.
C. Species A is older than species B.
D. Species A and B share a relatively recent common ancestor.
6.
When two species reproduce at different times, the situation is called (section 17-3)
7.
The length of time that two taxa have been evolving separately can be estimated using (section 17-4)
8.
The graphs below show the changes in crab color at one beach.
What process occurred over the 40-year period? (section 17-2)
A. directional selection
B. stabilizing selection
C. artificial selection
D. disruptive selection
9. Which of the following is MOST likely to have caused the change in the distribution? (section 17-2)
A. A new predator arrived that preferred light-tan crabs.
B. A new predator arrived that preferred dark-tan crabs.
C. A change in beach color made medium-tan crabs the least visible to predators.
D. A change in beach color made medium-tan crabs the most visible to predators.
Chapter 3: The Biosphere
Practice questions:
1. A group of individuals that belong to a single species and that live together in a defined
area is termed a(n) (section 3-1)
2.
Which of the following is not true about matter in the biosphere? (section 3-4)
A. Matter is recycled in the biosphere.
B. Biogeochemical cycles transform and reuse molecules.
C. The total amount of matter decreases over time.
D. Water and nutrients pass between organisms and the environment.
3.
Which is a source of energy for Earth's living things? (section 3-2)
A. sunlight only
B. wind energy and sunlight
C. wind energy only
D. sunlight and chemical energy
4. Which of the following is a primary producer? (section 3-2)
A. a carnivore, like a lion
B. an omnivore, like a human
C. a producer, like algae
D. a detritivore, like an earthworm
5. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, move carbon through the carbon
cycle. Which other processes also participate in the carbon cycle? (section 3-4)
A. biological processes only
B. geochemical processes only
C. chemical processes only
D. a combination of biological, geological, and chemical processes
6.
What are the physical, or nonliving components of an ecosystem called? (section 3-1)
7.
The diagrams below represent the amount of biomass and the numbers of organisms in an ecosystem.
What can you conclude about the ecosystem from the pyramid of numbers shown? (section 3-3)
A. There are more first-level consumers than primary producers.
B. There are more producers than first-level consumers.
C. There are more third-level consumers than second-level consumers.
D. There are more second-level consumers than third-level consumers.
8.
What can you conclude about the producers in the ecosystem based on the two pyramids
shown? (section 3-3)
A. The producers in the ecosystem are probably very small organisms.
B. There are no producers in the ecosystem.
C. Decomposers in the ecosystem outnumber the producers in the ecosystem.
D. The producers in the ecosystem are probably large organisms.