CHEMISTRY UNIT
Chemistry Study Guide
Lesson 1: Matter
(pgs. 522-523)
1. _________________ is anything that has mass and takes up space.
2. How do you calculate the volume of a solid?
3. What are two properties of all matter?
4. Does the gas inside a balloon have mass? Why?
Chemistry Study Guide
Lesson 1: Atoms & Molecules
(pgs. 524-525)
5. All matter is made of tiny particles called ____________.
6. ____________ is made up of two or more atoms joined together.
7. CO2 is made up of ____ atom of carbon and ____ atoms of oxygen.
8. What are four examples of things made with carbon?
9. Protons have a ___________ charge, neutrons have a ___________ charge,
and ____________ have a negative charge.
10. ______________ and ____________ have the same numbers in atoms.
11. What makes a carbon atom carbon and not something else?
12. What is an atom and what are its parts?
Chemistry Study Guide
Lesson 1: Elements
(pgs. 526-527)
13. Matter that’s made of only one kind of atom is an ___________.
14. Why isn’t water an element?
15. Some of the symbols in the Periodic Table came from _______ or _______ words.
Give two examples.
16. Elements are arranged in order by the number of __________.
17. An element’s number of protons is called its __________________.
18. Elements on the left side of the Periodic Table are ___________. Give 3 examples.
19. Elements on the far right side of the Periodic Table are _____________. Give 3
examples.
20. How are elements arranged in the Periodic Table?
Chemistry Study Guide
Lesson 1: Solids, Liquids, & Gases
(pgs. 528)
21. What are the 3 states of matter and an example of each?
22. In a __________, particles are packed closely together and ____________ in place.
23. In a __________, particles can change shape and flow.
24. In a __________, particles are far apart and move rapidly.
Chemistry Study Guide
Lesson 2:
(pgs. 534-537)
1. If heated, at what degrees does ice melt? _______ It changes from a ___________
to a ____________.
2. If heated, at what degrees does water boil? __________ It changes from a
___________ to a ______________.
3. Can aluminum melt? _____ Look at the table on page 536, at what temperature?
_______
4. Melting points are always __________ than boiling points.
5. ______________ is the measure of how closely packed an object’s atoms are. To find
density, divide the mass by the volume of an substance. The relationship of mass to its
volume is density.
6. Most substances have densities that don’t change. A copper penny and a copper kettle
have different masses, but the same _________________.
Chemistry Study Guide
Lesson 2 continued:
(pgs. 538-540)
7.
A ______________ is a combination of two or more substances that aren’t permanently
combined and their properties don’t change. An example of this is _________________.
8.
A mixture in which all parts are mixed evenly is called a ____________, which can be
combinations of _____________, _____________, and ________________. An example of
this is _________________.
9.
Examples of physical changes that we see everyday are:
_________________________________________________________________________.
10. Physical changes affect the form of a substance but do not change the ________________
makeup of the substance.
ELEMENT SUPERHERO OR SUPER VILLAIN
You may choose from ANY element
- Name your character.
- Give your character a
superpower.
- Come up with a costume for
your character.
WHAT IS OOBLICK?
Is it a solid?
Is it a liquid?
It is both!
We have learned how substances can change states (solids to
liquids to gases) when we change the temperature. (freezing
water to ice or boiling it away to a gas)
OOBLECK shows us how changes in pressure can change the
properties of some materials. It is called a non-Newtonian fluid
(a fluid that defies Isaac Newton’s law of viscosity).
It isn’t your typical liquid or sold. It acts more like quicksand!
HOW DO WE MAKE OOBLECK?
1. Pour 1 cup of cornstarch into the bowl
• Can you feel how smooth the powder is? It is made of super fine particles
• Cornstarch is a fine, powdery starch that is made out of corn.
2. Pour up to 1 cup of water in slowly. Keep adding more water
until the mixture becomes thick.
3. Add a few drops of food coloring.
DO THIS STUFF WITH OOBLECK!
1. What happens when you squeeze it?
2. What happens when you release the pressure?
3. Hold a handful in your palm, what happens?
4. Roll it between your hands, what happens?
5. Move your fingers through the mixture slowly, then faster…what
happens?
6. If you were trapped in a tub of oobleck, what would be the best
way to escape?
PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
Look up
element
names and
info
Brain Pop Periodic Table of the elements 4:41
Study Jams Periodic Table
PERIODIC TABLE CARDS
• USE YOUR COPY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE TO COLOR IN THESE PROPERTIES WITH COLORED
PENCILS (SEE MY EXAMPLE):
 METALS, METALLOIDS, NON-METALS, NOBLE GASES, HALOGENS
• IDENTIFY 20 ELEMENTS WITH:
 ATOMIC NUMBER
 ELEMENT NAME
 ATOMIC MASS
 PROTONS
 NEUTRONS
 ELECTRONS
• YOU WILL BE ASKED TO WRITE THE NAME OF THE ELEMENT WHEN GIVEN ITS
SYMBOL…MEMORIZE THESE ELEMENT NAMES! SPELLING COUNTS!
Periodic Table identified
FACTS FROM THE PERIODIC TABLE
• SYMBOL – THE ALPHABETICAL LETTER OR LETTERS USED TO
REPRESENT AN ELEMENT AND/OR COMPOUND.
• ATOMIC NUMBER – THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE
NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM; DETERMINES THE CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES OF AN ELEMENT.
Atomic mass – usually twice the atomic
number
There is a pattern occurring in the
table…what is it?
Dmitri Mendeleyev
Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev discovered
the periodic law and created the periodic table
of elements in 1869
FAMOUS SCIENTISTS
Percy Lavon Julian
African-American chemist, a
pioneer in the chemical synthesis of
medicinal drugs such as cortisone,
and steroids
Atom – the smallest unit of an
element.
• NO TWO ELEMENTS’ ATOMS LOOK THE
SAME. THAT IS WHY EACH ELEMENT IS
DIFFERENT.
Brain Pop Atomic Model 4:09
Study Jams atoms-protons, neutrons, electrons
Be able to
draw an
atom like this!
ITS ALL ABOUT THOSE ATOMS!
• ATOMS ARE CONSTANTLY IN MOTION.
• ELECTRONS MOVE AROUND THE NUCLEUS IN PATHS CALLED SHELLS (OR
ENERGY LEVELS).
• SHELL – AN ENERGY LEVEL CONTAINING SPINNING ELECTRONS THAT
SURROUNDS THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM
ATOMS HAVE 5 BASIC PARTS:
1. PROTONS
2. NEUTRONS
3. NUCLEUS
4. ELECTRONS
5. SHELLS
WHAT MATTERS? MASS & DENSITY!
Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space
Mass – the amount of matter in an object
Density – the measure of how closely packed
an object’s atoms are
 It is the relationship between mass &
volume
 a copper penny & a copper kettle have
different masses but the same density!
3 STATES OF MATTER
Atoms and molecules change states
due to temperature or pressure.
Element
• one or more atoms of the same type
Molecule
• atoms connected by chemical bonds
Compound
• molecules made of atoms
of different elements
Study Jams elements and compounds
COVALENT BOND
•
WHEN TWO ELEMENTS SHARE
ELECTRONS WHEN COMBINING
•
USUALLY NON-METALS
IONIC BOND
Brain Pop Chemical Bonds Video 4:47
•
WHEN TWO ELEMENTS LOSE OR
GAIN ELECTRONS WHEN
COMBINING
•
USUALLY METALS
THE THREE LITTLE COMPOUNDS
WHICH ONE IS AN ELEMENT?
Element – a substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances
3 CATEGORIES OF ELEMENTS
METALS, NON-METALS, METALLOIDS
• a good conductor of
heat and electricity,
• mostly shiny solids
• most elements are
metals (2/3 of all
elements)
• typically a poor
• Also called semiconductor of heat and
metals
electricity
• Properties of metals
• ½ of non-metals are
and non-metals
gases
Properties of Metals: Shiny, Ductile, Malleable, & Conductive
PROPERTIES OF METALS
1. SHINY
2. DUCTILE
3. MALLEABLE
4. CONDUCTIVE
LOOKING AT FORMULAS
Salt NaCl
A Chemical Formula is the way we represent compounds or molecules.
It is made by combining the symbols of the elements from which the
molecule or compound is made. NaCl CO2 C6H12O6 H2O2
Sugar
Water
Ammonia
NH3 (windex)
C12H22O11
H2O
Carbon dioxide CO2
Brain Pop chemical equations video 3:21
FORMULAS TO KNOW!
Salt = NaCl
Water = H2O
Carbon Dioxide = CO2
PHYSICAL VS. CHEMICAL CHANGES
Physical Change
No new substance is created
 grinding salt
 breaking glass
 cutting wood or paper
 dissolving sugar in tea





water freezing
water evaporating
Rocks crushed
Recycling!
Cheese sliced, melted, or shredded
Bill Nye Chemical Reaction Video
You should
learn 2-3 of
each of
these!
Chemical change (reaction)
A new substance is created.
 hydrogen & oxygen gases combining
to form water






Iron rusting-mass is changed!
Wood burning
Cake baking
Milk souring
Fireworks
Apple browning
Study Jams Physical & Chemical Changes
5 WAYS TO TELL IF A CHEMICAL CHANGE IS HAPPENING:
1. CHANGES COLOR
2. ENERGY GETS ABSORBED OR RELEASED
3. CHANGES ODOR
4. PRODUCES GASES OR SOLIDS
5. NOT EASY TO UNDO
ITS ALL MIXED UP!
MATCH THE PICTURES TO THE RIGHT!
1. MIXTURE: A COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE
DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES
• AREN’T PERMANENTLY COMBINED, CAN BE SEPARATED AGAIN
 TOSSED SALAD, SAND IN WATER
2. SOLUTION: A MIXTURE IN WHICH ALL THE PARTS ARE
MIXED EVENLY
• ATOMS OF A SOLID SEPARATE AND BECOME INVISIBLE IN A
LIQUID (DISSOLVED)
 DRINK MIX IN WATER, SCUBA DIVERS TANK
3. SUSPENSION: A MIXTURE OF A LIQUID AND A SOLID IN
WHICH THE SOLID DOES NOT DISSOLVE
• MILK CREAM
These are all physical changes!