Chapter 16 Review
Mining
a mining company is required to post
funds before beginning a mining
project.
decrease in taxes program
bond forfeiture program
increase in taxes program
no programs exist
se
x..
.
ta
.. .
am
in
no
pr
og
r
ea
se
in
cr
fo
rfe
itu
r..
.
bo
nd
re
as
e
in
ta
.. .
25% 25% 25% 25%
de
c
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Clean Water Act and the Safe
Drinking Water Act ensure that
__________ from mines do not
threaten water quality.
...
no
t
hi
n
al
in
er
yd
o
M
th
e
m
in
an
ts
s
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Or
es
Ores
Contaminants
Minerals
they do nothing for water
quality
Co
nt
a
1.
2.
3.
4.
The land recovery process required of
mine operators is called ________
do nothing at all
open pits
reclamation
subsidence
ce
en
su
bs
id
at
io
la
m
pi
n
op
e
25%
n
ts
25% 25%
re
c
no
th
i
ng
a
t.
..
25%
do
1.
2.
3.
4.
Acid mine drainage is contaminated
_____ that results when acid dissolves
toxic minerals that exist in mine waste.
25%
w
at
e
r
t
25%
sa
l
25%
l
25%
so
i
air
soil
salt
water
air
1.
2.
3.
4.
A serious hazard of coal mining that
can ignite and possibly burn for years
is/are __________
underground fires
subsidence
forest fires
house fires
f ir
es
s
ho
us
e
st
fir
e
fo
re
ce
en
su
bs
id
gr
ou
nd
fi.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
un
de
r
1.
2.
3.
4.
Wildlife ________are protected by the
Endangered Species Act
no
tp
.. .
ts
25%
ita
re
ya
th
e
at
er
25% 25%
yw
on
l
yf
oo
d
25%
ha
b
only food
only water
habitats
they are not protected
by this act at all
on
l
1.
2.
3.
4.
The sinking of regions of the ground
with little or no horizontal movement
is called ________
fi.
..
ce
gr
ou
nd
en
un
de
r
su
bs
id
la
m
at
io
n
n
25% 25% 25% 25%
re
c
erosion
reclamation
subsidence
underground fires
er
os
io
1.
2.
3.
4.
Large piles of excess rock from mines
are called _________
ce
r
25%
pl
a
en
n
su
bs
id
tio
eg
ra
ld
25%
ps
25%
ce
25%
du
m
soil degration
subsidence
dumps
placer
so
i
1.
2.
3.
4.
The process where crushed ore is
melted at high temperatures to
separate impurities from molten metal
is called_______.
under sea mining
solar evaporation
GANG
smelting
t in
g
el
GA
NG
sm
va
p
ar
e
so
l
se
a
m
or
a
in
i..
t..
.
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
un
de
r
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bends in rivers often have ____.
stream placers
placer deposits
rock deposits
the bends never collect
any deposits
co
l
le
ct
...
ep
os
it s
kd
ev
er
ro
c
nd
sn
be
th
e
rd
ce
pl
a
am
pl
a
ce
ep
os
it s
rs
25% 25% 25% 25%
st
re
1.
2.
3.
4.
Solution mining is an economical
mining method if mineral ores are
____ in water
ni
c
25%
in
or
ga
e
ub
le
so
l
no
n
m
ab
l
m
25%
ub
l
25%
e
25%
so
l
flammable
non soluble
soluble
inorganic
fla
1.
2.
3.
4.
Networks of entries in subsurface coal
mines are called ______
25%
ho
us
e
in
25%
ca
b
s
25%
ar
m
s
25%
pi
ll
rooms
pillars
cabin
house
ro
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
An open pit used to mine minerals like
granite, limestone and marble near
the surface is called a_________.
rry
in
g
25%
qu
a
in
. ..
m
in
ut
io
n
e
co
a
lm
in
. ..
su
rfa
c
m
in
ut
io
n
25% 25%
. ..
25%
so
l
solution mining
surface coal mining
solution mining
quarrying
so
l
1.
2.
3.
4.
The second part of surface coal mining is to
remove rocks that cover coal seams near the
surface are called _______. It will be later put
back during reclamation
25%
GA
NG
rb
ur
de
rd
ce
pl
a
25%
n
25%
ep
os
it
ce
25%
ov
e
Subsidence
placer deposit
overburden
GANG
Su
bs
id
en
1.
2.
3.
4.
The first step in finding a(n) _______ is
exploring rock for mineralization.
key
slag
ore deposit
subsidence
ce
en
os
it
de
p
or
e
25%
su
bs
id
25%
g
25%
sla
y
25%
ke
1.
2.
3.
4.
A floating barge on which buckets fixed onto a
conveyor excavate sediments is called a(n)
_____. This can be a good way to mine gold.
Dredge
smelting
open pit mining
Evaporation
op
e
n
at
io
po
r
Ev
a
n
pi
tm
sm
el
in
in
...
t in
g
ge
25% 25% 25% 25%
Dr
ed
1.
2.
3.
4.
Two or more atoms chemically bonded
together form a(n) _______
element
compound
atom
mixture
25%
m
ixt
ur
e
25%
at
om
25%
co
m
po
un
d
em
en
t
25%
el
1.
2.
3.
4.
A material that bonds with impurities
and separates them from molten
metal during smelting is called a___.
m
on
d
25%
di
a
g
25%
ga
n
25%
g
25%
sla
.flux
slag
gang
diamond
.fl
ux
1.
2.
3.
4.
Metallic minerals conduct
____________________.
Fires
water
electricity
smoke
ici
ec
tr
el
w
at
e
ty
r
25%
25%
sm
ok
e
25%
s
25%
Fir
e
1.
2.
3.
4.
Gold, silver, and copper that occur in
elemental form are called _____.
non native elements
native elements
foreign elements
immigrants
el
n
ig
fo
re
an
ts
igr
m
en
em
el
ive
im
t..
.
. ..
le
ee
na
t
na
t iv
em
en
. ..
25% 25% 25% 25%
no
n
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ore deposits formed in cracks in rocks
are called _______
veins
vessels
placer deposit
smelting
rd
ce
el
sm
ep
os
it
se
l
pl
a
25%
t in
g
25%
s
25%
ve
s
ns
25%
ve
i
1.
2.
3.
4.
The _____ sets standards to minimize
the surface effects of coal mining on
the environment.
1. Clean Water Act
2. Comprehensive Response Compensation
and Liability Act
3. Surface Mining Control and Reclamation
Act of 1977
4. Safe Drinking Water Act
..
ng
.
g.
..
Dr
in
ki
Sa
fe
in
in
M
ns
ive
pr
e
he
at
er
Co
m
W
an
Cl
e
Su
rf a
ce
Ac
...
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
The _____ regulates the release of
hazardous substances into the air, soil,
and water by mining.
1. Clean Water Act
2. Comprehensive Response
Compensation and Liability Act
3. Surface Mining Control and
Reclamation Act of 1977
4. Safe Drinking Water Act
in
in
Ac
t
at
er
..
ng
W
tro
la
Dr
in
ki
gC
on
Sa
fe
M
Su
rf a
ce
Co
m
pr
e
he
Cl
e
ns
ive
an
Re
W
at
er
Ac
sp
on
s. .
.
t
25% 25% 25% 25%
What can contaminate a river during
dredging?
1. it does not have any
negative effects
2. placer deposits
3. sea water
4. muddy sediments
en
t..
.
r
at
e
im
w
ud
dy
se
d
se
a
m
rd
ce
pl
a
it
do
e
sn
ot
h
a.
..
ep
os
it .
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
Surface mining can cause
25%
th
er
ai
rn
o.
..
po
l. .
.
oi
se
an
d
air
yn
ne
i
...
po
llu
bo
th
ir
ya
25% 25%
n.
..
25%
on
l
only air pollution.
both air and noise pollution.
only noise pollution.
neither air nor noise
pollution.
on
l
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reclamation is the process of
1. removing coal from a subsurface
seam.
2. extracting ore minerals from
gangue minerals.
3. returning land to its original or
better condition after mining.
4. protecting the habitats of local
wildlife.
pr
o
te
c
tin
gt
an
ng
l
ur
ni
re
t
o.
..
ita
d
he
to
ha
b
its
in
m
re
go
ct
in
ts
ig.
..
or
er
al
su
. ..
a
oa
lf
ro
m
ex
tra
in
gc
ov
re
m
s.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
From whom must mining companies
obtain permits before mining a site?
1. state and federal
agencies
2. state agencies only
3. federal agencies only
4. they do not need
permits
...
.
ne
nc
i..
th
e
yd
o
no
t
ag
e
al
cie
s..
.
fe
de
r
ag
en
st
at
e
st
at
e
an
d
fe
d
e.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
Which of the following is not a
regulation mining companies must
follow?
1. the Clean Water Act
2. the Safe Drinking Water Act
3. the Hazardous Products
Act
4. the Endangered Species
Act
ge
r
ed
...
us
.. .
En
da
n
rd
o
th
e
Ha
za
th
e
fe
Sa
th
e
th
e
Cl
ea
n
Dr
in
W
at
k.
..
e.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
Collapse of _____ can lead to
subsidence.
solar evaporation ponds
open-pit mines
pillars in abandoned mines
placer deposits
n
pl
a
ce
rd
si
ar
25%
ep
os
it .
..
es
in
pi
ll
np
it
m
or
a
op
e
va
p
ar
e
ab
a.
..
25% 25%
t..
.
25%
so
l
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which of the following is a water
contaminant that can cause acid mine
drainage?
acid rain is not real
Methane
carbon dioxide
sulfuric acid
25%
ca
r
ac
fu
r ic
su
l
bo
n
di
ox
i
et
ha
de
id
25%
ne
25%
M
ra
in
is
n.
..
25%
ac
id
1.
2.
3.
4.
A quarry also could be called
an open pit.
a longwall.
the overburden.
a pillar.
ar
.
ill
rd
e
er
bu
ov
th
e
ap
n.
..
al
on
gw
al
op
e
n
pi
t.
l.
25% 25% 25% 25%
an
1.
2.
3.
4.
The layer of impurities on top of
molten metal that forms during
smelting is called
as
te
.
25%
w
dg
e.
25%
dr
e
g.
25%
sla
25%
t.
smelt.
slag.
dredge.
waste.
sm
el
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which of the following would not likely
be mined using solution mining?
Gypsum
Salt
Potash
sulfur
fu
r
25%
su
l
h
25%
Po
ta
s
t
25%
Sa
l
25%
Gy
ps
um
1.
2.
3.
4.
Placer deposits are surface mineral
deposits that have been concentrated
by
surface mining.
movement of wind and water.
subsurface mining.
evaporation and
condensation.
...
...
an
in
n
m
ev
ap
or
a
tio
ce
su
bs
ur
fa
m
ov
e
e
m
en
t
m
in
in
of
w
i..
.
g..
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
su
rfa
c
1.
2.
3.
4.
Through _____, mining companies can
identify areas where there may be
valuable mineral resources.
mineral exploration
subsurface mining
Smelting
dredging
g
dg
in
dr
e
t in
g
Sm
el
m
ce
su
bs
ur
fa
in
er
al
ex
pl
o
in
...
r..
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
m
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which of the following is not a method
of subsurface mining?
room-and-pillar mining
solution mining
longwall mining
open-pit mining
in
.. .
...
m
in
in
in
op
e
np
it
lm
al
lo
ng
w
ut
io
n
so
l
m
-a
n
dp
m
in
ill
in
. ..
a.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
ro
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
Acid mine drainage
d.
..
is
un
re
g
ul
at
e
st
re
l
es
ea
gd
bi
no
is
so
rk
ill
m
25%
a.
..
25% 25%
s..
.
25%
pu
rif
i
harms or kills aquatic life.
is no big deal
purifies streams.
is unregulated in the
United States.
ha
r
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dredging streambeds may be an
effective technique for mining
salt.
gold.
coal.
sulfur.
fu
r.
25%
su
l
l.
25%
co
a
d.
25%
go
l
t.
25%
sa
l
1.
2.
3.
4.
The first step in surface coal mining is
1. to remove and set aside the soil that
covers the area to be mined.
2. to use heavy equipment to mine the
land.
3. to test to see if quarrying would be
more effective.
4. to make cuts in the coal for easier
removal.
si
. ..
e.
..
cu
t
se
to
m
ak
e
st
to
to
te
he
us
e
to
to
re
m
ov
e
an
d
av
ye
...
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
Gangue or GANG minerals
1. are valued for their rarity
and durability.
2. have no commercial value.
3. are the most difficult to
mine.
4. are native elements.
e.
..
el
d.
..
na
t
ive
os
t
ar
e
m
th
e
ar
e
o
en
ha
v
ar
e
va
l
ue
d
co
m
m
fo
r. .
.
er
.. .
25% 25% 25% 25%
What must hot subsurface waters
contain in order to be considered
hydrothermal solutions?
crystallized minerals
gangue minerals
dissolved minerals
inorganic solids
so
l
i..
.
e.
..
ni
c
m
in
in
or
ga
d
di
ss
ol
ve
in
m
gu
e
ga
n
st
all
i
ze
d
er
al
...
m
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
cr
y
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is one property that may be
used to distinguish metallic from
nonmetallic minerals?
...
ue
ec
tr
ica
co
bo
n
ca
r
25%
lc
on
nt
e
tra
ex
25%
Va
l
25%
nt
c..
.
25%
el
cost to extract
carbon content
Value
electrical conductivity
co
st
to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which of the following is not one of
the ways that ore minerals may form?
1. cooling of magma
2. circulation of hydrothermal
solutions through rocks
3. flooding of empty
streambeds and rivers
4. evaporation of water that
contains salts
of
...
n
tio
or
a
ev
ap
go
fe
of
.. .
flo
od
in
cir
c
ul
a
t io
n
fm
ag
...
go
lin
co
o
m
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
Which of the following is not a
characteristic of a mineral?
1. naturally occurring
2. usually an inorganic solid
3. atoms in random geometric
patterns
4. orderly internal structure
te
rn
...
o.
..
er
ly
or
d
n
si
at
om
in
ra
nd
in
an
ly
us
ua
l
na
t
ur
a
lly
oc
c
u.
..
o.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
Which of the following are minerals
that contain valuable substances?
native minerals
gangue minerals
ore minerals
longwalls
ls
al
s
lo
ng
w
al
in
er
m
or
e
m
gu
e
ga
n
ive
m
in
er
in
er
al
al
...
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
na
t
1.
2.
3.
4.
Evaporates most commonly form in
f ..
.
ith
t..
.
w
ar
ea
an
d
re
gio
es
ts
fo
r
n
ra
i
25%
ns
w
...
w
on
s
gi
re
ar
id
25% 25%
...
25%
co
l
1. arid regions where rates of
evaporation are high.
2. rain forests where rates of
evaporation are low.
3. cold regions that receive
significant snowfall.
4. an area with frequent
volcanic activity.
Extended response questions:
• How must soil be handled during surface coal
mining to minimize environmental damage?
• What potential environmental problem
caused by the smelting process must be
controlled? How can this be done?
• How can surface mining completely transform
ecosystems, even after reclamation?
• Explain reclamation and why it is necessary?
• Explain 3 of the 7 negative impacts of mining.
6pts