Identify the three basic phases of matter
What are the 3 primary phases of
matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
What is the fourth phase?
Plasma?
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
What is a solid?
Definition:
has definite shape and volume
Name some examples of solids!
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
What is a liquid?
Definition:
•has definite volume, but not shape
•takes the shape of its container
•Name some examples of liquids!
What is a gas?
A gas has NEITHER definite volume, nor
definite shape. Its volume depends on its
container, if it has one AND if the container is
closed!
Example: What happen to the helium in a
balloon after it bursts?
•Name some examples of gases!
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
What is solid water made up of?
Molecules of Hydrogen & Oxygen
What is liquid water made up of?
Molecules of Hydrogen & Oxygen
What is water gas made up of?
Molecules of Hydrogen & Oxygen
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
QUESTION:
If a solid, and a liquid, and a gas are
all made up of the same Molecules …
then how do we get different phases of
matter?
It depends on the energy the
molecules contain in each phase!
Note: Holt O/H #206
Solid
liquid
gas
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
SOLIDS:
have less energy
particles vibrate --- are very close
together
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
What is a solid?
IN a solid, the particles of matter are
tightly packed together.
The particles cannot change position
easily.
The particles only vibrate back and
forth in the same position.
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
LIQUIDS:
have a little more energy
particles vibrate more --- therefore
substance does not have a definite
shape
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
What is a liquid?
Liquids are able to change shape,
because the particles of the liquid
are not in fixed positions.
The particles vibrate more than the
particles of a solid.
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
GAS:
have the most energy
particles vibrate a lot --- therefore
substance has no definite shape and no
definite volume
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
GAS:
the more energy (heat), the more it
vibrates, the more it spreads apart
What is a gas?
Definition:
The particles of a gas are in constant
motion.
The particles of a gas are much further
spread apart than in a solid or a liquid
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
The energy of a molecule:
skip
Is also called its kinetic energy.
Which type of molecule has the most kinetic
energy? (solid, liquid, or gas)
Which type of molecule has the least kinetic
energy?
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
What happens when you
add heat energy to a
solid?
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
What happens when
you add heat energy to
a solid?
What happens to the
molecules of the solid?
How would you
describe its kinetic
energy?
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
What happens when you
add heat energy to a
liquid?
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
What happens when you
add heat energy to a
liquid?
What happens to the
molecules of the liquid?
How would you
describe its change in
kinetic energy?
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
What happens if
you remove the
energy from the
liquid?
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
The liquid turns to
a solid.
The kinetic energy
slows down
The particles get
closer together
Can you really do
that?
C
E
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
I
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
What happens if you remove
the energy from the gas?
AIM: What are the phases of matter?
The gas turns into a liquid
How would you describe the
change in Kinetic Energy?
How would you describe the
change in vibration of the
molecules?
Answer the Summary Questions
AIM: What are the properties of matter?
Summary:
1) How does temperature
affect the volume of a gas?
•
•
•
•
As temperature
Volum e
Pressure
Size of balloon
In a balloon, the particles of gas strike the walls more often because
they move faster so the pressure increases making the balloon larger
2) What is
Kinetic Energy?
• Energy in the form of motion.
Ex: a sprinting runner, a moving wheel or fast
moving particles that are too small to see
3) What is the kinetic
theory of matter?
• Explains how particles behave in matter:
– Matter made of small particles (atoms,
molecules & ions)
– Particles are in constant random motion
– Particles collide with each other and the walls
of their container
4) What allows gas to fill its
container and take the container’s
shape?
They have enough kinetic
energy to overcome attractive
forces and spread apart.
5) Why do
liquids flow?
• The extra kinetic energy found in liquids
overcomes some of the attraction to other
particles so they can slide and change
shape.
6) What happens to a liquid when
you add energy to it?
• If enough energy is
added to overcome
attractive forces, the
liquid boils. That
energy is called Heat
of Vaporization.
7) How are kinetic energy and
temperature related?
• Temperature is the average
kinetic energy of the molecules of
a substance.
8) What happens to a solid when
you add energy to it?
• If you reach the melting point you added
enough kinetic energy to overcome
attractive forces holding particles in an
orderly arrangement.
• That energy is called the heat of fusion.