Unit 4 Important Dates
1. Your projects are due TOMORROW!

PRINT OUT AT HOME!
2. You need headphones on Thursday &
Friday (June 3rd & 4th)
3. Unit 4 Test: Tuesday, June 8th
Political Map of the Middle East
U.S. Interests
in the Middle East
U.S. Interests in the Middle East
Promoting regional peace and stability
U.S. Military Bases in the Middle East
Arms Sales to the Middle East
U.S. Interests in the Middle East
Maintaining access to the region’s oil
Which percentage of the
world’s oil reserves does
the Middle East have?
Who are the top three
oil producers in the
Middle East?
U.S. Interests in the Middle East
Ensuring Israel’s security
U.S. Interests in the Middle East
Resolving Israeli- Palestinian conflict
U.S. Interests in the Middle East
Strengthening ties with Arab allies (label on your
map with a star)
WHAT HAPPENED TO HIM???
Egypt
Kuwait
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Saudi Arabia
Jordan
Bahrain
U.S. Interests in the Middle East
Containing Iran
Who are the 2 people here? What is the significance of an
olive branch? What is the point of this cartoon?
U.S. Interests in the Middle East
Combating extremism and terrorism
that fuel anti-Western views
U.S. Interests in the Middle East
Stabilizing and withdrawing from Iraq
Two Rival Branches of Islam
Sunnis & Shiites (Shia)
The Divided Islamic World
According to the map, where does it appear
that most of the Shia Muslims reside?
What 4 countries
on the map are
majority Shiite?
Sunni vs. Shiite Muslims
 85-90% of
Muslims are Sunni.
 Only 10-15% are Shiite (Shia)
 Shiites are the persecuted minority
 Shiites make up majority in only
four countries:
 Iraq
 Iran
 Bahrain
 Azerbaijan
CHECK OUT THE READING!
 Answer the following questions from the reading on
Sunnis and Shi’ites:
1) What is the difference in the origins of these
branches of Islam?
2) How different are these religions in practice?
3) What makes the leadership of the two branches
different?
4) What are the differences in religious texts?
The Rise of Iran
Power Shift:
The Rise of Shiite Dominated Iran
Power Shift:
 The end of Saddam Hussein’s
Sunni controlled government
in Iraq left majority Shiite
Iran in a far more powerful
position.
 Sunni Arab governments like
Egypt and Saudi Arabia are
concerned about the rise of
Shiite power in the Middle
East
 Israel and the US are also
concerned about the Shiite
rise of power. Why? Who
are our allies in the ME?
Can Iran Be Contained?
By the U.S.?
By Israel?
By its Sunni neighbors?
Conflict in Iraq
Iraq’s Divided
Population

Sunni Arabs
20%
Shiite Arabs
60%
Sunni Kurds
17%
Iraq’s Sunni Arabs
 20% of Iraq’s population.
 Sunni Baathists controlled
the government under
Saddam Hussein.
 Lost power when U.S.
invaded Iraq in 2003.
Iraq’s Shiite Arabs
 60% of Iraq’s population.
Iraqi Prime Minister
Nouri al-Maliki
 Harshly persecuted under
Saddam Hussein.
 Now control Iraq’s elected
government.
 Have developed close ties
with Iran.
Iraqi Parliament
Saddam Hussein’s
Anti-Shiite Propaganda, 1980s
Iraq’s Sunni Kurds
 17% of Iraq’s population.
 Sunni Muslims, but not
Arabs.
 Fairly liberal Muslims, the Kurds
often wear Western-style clothes,
and Kurdish women never hide
their faces
 Hated Saddam Hussein.
Fought with U.S. against
him.
 Largely autonomous and
want their own state.
Saddam’s Gassing of the Kurds, 1988
Saddam Hussein
used chemical
weapons against
Kurdish villages
in 1988.
Several hundred
thousand Kurds
died in these gas
attacks.
U.S. Invasion of Iraq 2003
 Iraqi army easily defeated .
 Iraqi government collapsed.
 Saddam Hussein eventually
captured, tried, and hanged
by Iraq’s new government.
The Fall of a Tyrant
The Sunni Insurgency in Iraq
 Violent Sunni insurgency
began soon after the U.S.
invaded Iraq.
 Most were local Baathists:
Iraqi Sunnis trying to regain
power and reestablish Sunnicontrolled government.
 Many were former members
of Iraqi military.
Al Qaeda in Iraq
 A minority of Sunni insurgents
are foreign jihadists – Islamic
extremists who came to Iraq to
fight jihad against the U.S.
 “Al Qaeda in Iraq,” tied to
al Qaeda and responsible for
worst atrocities and attacks.
Iraq’s Sectarian Violence
 Violence between Sunnis and
Shiites.
 Sunni jihadists targeted Shiite
civilians in order to ignite civil
war.
 Shiite militia “death squads”
retaliated by targeting Sunni
civilians.
Shiite Extremists in Iraq
 Many Shiite militias – some
with close ties to Iran.
 Mahdi Army – Radical Shitte
group led by Moqtada al-Sadr
(radical cleric).
 Took up arms against coalition
forces in 2004.
Why the Decline in Violence in Iraq During
Second Half of 2007?
 “The Surge” – Bush sent
30,000 more troops to Iraq.
 Many Sunni insurgents
persuaded to turn against
foreign extremists.
 Muqtada al Sadr declared
cease-fire.
U.S. Withdrawal from Iraq
 Obama following the same
withdrawal schedule as Bush.
 All U.S. combat troops
withdrawn by
the end of 2011.
 Forces in peacekeeping role
Iraq After the U.S. Leaves
What concerns
about the future
of Iraq does this
graphic express?
The Arab-Israeli Conflict
Video Overview of Conflict
Unit 4 Day 3 Thurs. June 3rd
 Notes from “Arab-Israeli Conflict” until “Yasser
Arafat: Terrorist or Freedom Fighter?
 Part 1 of documentary, complete worksheet on
pg. 21-22.

You can access the video 2 ways, in my Stu-Public folder
and on my Wiki streamed from the internet.
 Check “1967:Six Day War” article if I
didn’t already
 Last packets given out
 HW: Bring headphones for tomorrow
Why the hate?
The Zionist Movement
 Movement to establish Jewish
state in Palestine, the biblical
homeland of the Jews.
 European Jews emigrated to
Palestine in large numbers
following World War I, with
support of League of Nations
and the British government.
 World’s support for creating
Jewish state increased after
World War II / Holocaust.
The Palestinians
 Palestinians were the Arab
inhabitants of Palestine.
 Opposed creation of Jewish
state in their homeland.
 Violent conflicts broke out
in Palestine between Arabs
and Jews. Hundreds died.
1947 U.N. Partition Plan
 U.N. partitioned British-
controlled Palestine into
Arab and Jewish states.
 Jews accepted partition
plan.
 Arabs rejected it.
1948
First Arab-Israeli War
 May 15 – Israel declared itself
an independent state.
 Led to first Arab-Israeli War.
Israel
immediately
attacked
by five Arab
countries.
 Egypt
 Syria
 Jordan
 Iraq
 Lebanon
 Israel defeated the combined
Arab countries – and seized
territory UN had designated
for the Palestinians.
 Cease-fire agreement ended
fighting but Arabs refused to
sign peace treaty.
Victorious Israeli soldiers
1948
 No Arab country recognized
Israel.
 750,000 Palestinian refugees
fled to Arab states.
Palestinian refugees
1948
1956
The Suez War
 Egypt nationalized Suez Canal.
Egyptian President
Gamel Abdel Nasser
 Israel, Britain and France
attacked Egypt and captured
the canal and Sinai peninsula.
 U.S. opposed attack and U.S.
and U.N. imposed a cease-fire
and a withdraw from Sinai.
1967
The Six Day War
 Israel preemptively attacked
Egypt after Egypt mobilized
its army.
 Jordan and Syria attacked
Israel.
 War ended with decisive
victory for Israel and Israel
tripled amount of territory
it controlled.
Results of Six Day War (label on your map)
Israel captured this
territory in 1967:
 Golan Heights
from Syria.
 West Bank and
East Jerusalem
from Jordan.
 Sinai Peninsula
and Gaza Strip
from Egypt.
Results of the Six Day War
 Israel now governed 1 million
Palestinians in Gaza and the
West Bank.
 UN Security Council passed
Resolution 242 calling for
Israel to withdraw from the
occupied territories. Israel
refused.
 Also called for Arab states to
recognize Israel and guarantee
security of Israel’s borders.
Results of the Six Day War
 Arab’s suffered humiliating
defeat, but Arab leaders
remained committed to
Israel’s destruction.
 Many Palestinians became
radicalized and turned to
guerilla groups like the
PLO.
The PLO
(Palestinian Liberation Organization)
 Yasser Arafat’s group, Fatah,
took control of the PLO (1969).
 Under Arafat, PLO fought a
decades-long guerilla war
against Israel to “liberate
Palestine.”
 Goals: Destruction of Israel
and establishment of secular
Palestinian state.
PLO Chairman
Yasser Arafat
Yasser Arafat:
Terrorist or Freedom Fighter?
Israel and U.S.
branded Arafat
as a terrorist,
but he was
admired as a
freedom fighter
by Palestinians
and their allies
throughout the
world.
Unit 4 Day 4 Fri. June 4th (Prom)
 Notes from “PLO Terrorism” to “New
Palestinian Leadership 2004”
 Part 2 of documentary, complete worksheet
on pg. 21-22.

You can access the video in your share drive, my StuPublic folder or on my Wiki streamed from the
internet.
 HW: Have fun & be safe! Your Middle East
Test is on Tuesday!
PLO Terrorism
Munich Olympics 1972
Palestinian terrorist from
“Black September”
11 Israeli athletes and coaches
were killed at Munich
Yom Kippur War, 1973
 Egypt and Syria attacked
Israel on Jewish holy day.
 Israel repelled attack and
cease-fire declared.
1979 Camp David Accords
 Peace treaty signed by Israel
and Egypt.
 Egypt became first Arab state
to recognize Israel.
 Israel returned Sinai Peninsula
to Egypt.
 Anwar Sadat assassinated by
Islamic extremists in 1981.
President Carter with Egyptian
President Anwar Sadat and Israeli
Prime Minister Menachem Begin
Israel’s Invasion of Lebanon, 1982
 Israel invaded Lebanon to
destroy PLO bases.
 Negotiated settlement
allowed Arafat and PLO
fighters to go to Tunisia.
 Israeli army occupied
southern Lebanon for
almost 20 years (until
2000)
Hezbollah (“Party of God”)
 Lebanese resistance group
formed in response to
Israel’s occupation.
 Islamic extremists who
oppose Israel’s existence.
 Supported by Iran and
Syria.
 Considered to be terrorist
group by the U.S.
Hezbollah leader
Hassen Nasrallah
and Hezbollah fighters
First Intifada 1987-1993
 Palestinian uprising against
Israeli occupation of West
Bank and Gaza.
 First suicide attacks in Israel.
 1,500 Palestinians and 400
Israeli’s died over six years.
Hamas
 Islamic militant group
founded in 1987 with vow
to “liberate Palestine
through violent jihad.”
 Has carried out scores of
suicide bombings against
Israel during past decade.
 Supported by Iran and
Syria.
1993 Oslo Accords
 President Clinton brokered
peace agreement between
Israel and the PLO.
 PLO recognized Israel’s
right to exist and renounced
use of violence.
 PLO goal now a Palestinian
state next to Israel.
Clinton with Israeli Prime Minister
Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat
Oslo Accords: “Land for Peace”
 Israel agreed to gradual Palestinian
self-rule in Gaza and West Bank as
first steps towards establishment of
Palestinian state.
(PA) created
to govern Palestinian territories.
 Palestinian Authority
 Arafat became first leader of the PA.
Jordanian-Israeli Peace Agreement
1994
 Jordan became only
the second Arab state
to sign a peace treaty
with Israel.
Second Intifada 2000 - 2005
 Clinton’s attempt to reach
final settlement between
Israel and Palestinians in
2000 failed.
 Led to second, more violent,
Palestinian uprising.
 Dozens of suicide bombings
in Israel and Israeli crackdown in Gaza / West Bank
left thousands dead.
Hamas Suicide Attacks
New Palestinian Leadership 2004
 Yasser Arafat died
in 2004.

Mahmoud Abbas
elected as Arafat’s
successor.
Unit 4 Day 5 Mon. June 7th
 Notes from “Israeli Disengagement” to the
end
 Read “Abbas, Netanyahu spurn US
Approach” on pg. 23 and answer questions
on pg. 21
 HW: Study for your test tomorrow.
Don’t forget about the maps!
Israeli Disengagement 2005
 Israel acted to “disengage” from
Palestinians by evacuating all
Gaza settlements and withdrawing all troops from Gaza.
 Also began construction of a
controversial security barrier
separating Israel from the West
Bank.
 Israel Dismantling of Settlements
Lebanon War 2006
 Hezbollah attacked Israeli
civilian areas with rockets
and killed eight Israeli
soldiers.
 Israel responded by bombing
and invading Lebanon again
to destroy Hezbollah.
 Month-long war leaves 1,500
dead before U.N. brokered
cease-fire agreement.
Hamas Election Victory 2006
 Hamas won surprise victory
over Fatah in Palestinian
elections and takes control
of Palestinian parliament.
 Creates bitter division b/w
Fatah and Hamas.
 Western nations cut off aid
to Palestinian Authority.
Palestinian Civil War 2007
Hamas fighters
 In 2007 fighting broke out
in Gaza between Hamas and
Fatah forces.
 Hamas defeated Fatah and
took control of Gaza.
 Fatah now controls only the
parts of the West Bank not
under Israeli occupation.
Fatah fighters
Palestinian Power Struggle Today
Hamas vs. Fatah: How They Compare
Hamas
Fatah
 Islamic extremists.
 Secular moderates.
 Supported by Iran and
 Supported by U.S., E.U.
Syria.
and most Arab states.
 No recognition of Israel.
 Wants peace with Israel.
 Controls all of Gaza.
 Controls parts of West
Bank not under Israel
control.
War in Gaza 2008
 Almost daily rocket attacks against
Israeli towns provoked Israeli
air strikes and ground assault
against Hamas in Gaza.
 Three week long war killed 1,400
Palestinians and 13 Israelis.
 Both sides accused of war crimes
(deliberately targeting civilians)
and Israel widely criticized for
using excessive force.
Unresolved Issues
What are the
unresolved
issues
preventing a
final peace
agreement
between
Israel and
the
Palestinians?
President Obama with Israeli Prime Minister
Benjamin Netanyahu and
Palestinian President Malmond Abbas.
Unresolved Issue # 1
Permanent Borders of Palestinian State
 Palestinians want Israeli to withdraw
to pre-1967 borders
 Future Palestinian state most likely
in Gaza Strip and West Bank but
exact borders are still undecided
 Israel still occupies and controls
parts of the West Bank.
 300,000 Jewish settlers now live in
the West Bank and Israel has annexed
some West Bank territory.
Israeli West Bank Settlements
Peace Process Stalled Over Settlements
 Palestinians insist that Israel halt
expansion of all settlements before
they’ll return to peace talks.
 Current Israeli government has so
far refused. Building 700 apartments in
East Jerusalem as of Dec. 09
Obama and Israeli PM
Benjamin Netanyahu
 Obama has backed off demands for
complete halt to construction.
 Palestinians have accused U.S. of
“backpedaling” on settlement issue.
Obama and Palestinian
President Abbas
Unresolved Issue # 2
Palestinian Refugees and Right of Return
 Four million displaced Palestinians
today living in refugee camps in
occupied territories and neighboring
Arab states.
 Palestinians want refugees or their
descendants to be able to return to
homes they lost in 1948.
 Israel has rejected idea of refugees
returning to Israel. Would threaten
existence of Israel as a Jewish state.
Unresolved Issue # 3
Control of East Jerusalem
 Palestinians want East Jerusalem
as the capital of their future state.
 Israel has annexed East Jerusalem
and has vowed it will never give it
up.
 Residents of East Jerusalem mostly
Palestinians, but 250,000 Israelis
now live there as well.
Unresolved Issue # 4
Secure Borders for Israel
How to guarantee
security of Israel’s
borders if radicals
refuse to recognize
Israel’s right to
exist and continue
to launch crossborder attacks?
Unit 4 Day 6 Tues. June 8th
 Middle East Test
 Complete crossword for “Conflict and
Cooperation”
 Review Final Exam Essay work
Map of the Middle
East: Label me
correctly using the
countries below
please 
Iran
Iraq
Syria
Saudi Arabia
Lebanon
Israel
Jordan
Kuwait
Turkmenistan
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Oman
Yemen
Please label the
territories captured by
Israel in the 1967 Six
Day War:
1. Golan Heights
2. West Bank
#
3
3. Gaza Strip
4. Sinai Peninsula
Unit 4 Day 1 Tues. June 1st
 Test Video of Arab-Israeli Conflict in Lab
• Copy into your share drive
 Label Map of the Middle East in lab and
answer question at the bottom
• Add Bahrain, Egypt and United
Arab Emirates (UAE)
Unit 4 Day 1 Tues. June 1st (continued)
 PP Notes until “Can Iran Be Contained?”
Go to “My Computer”
2. WST_SHARES
3. Besack
4. STU_PUBLIC
5. IR
6. 2010 Unit 4 Middle East PowerPoint
 Review map
 HW: Your final projects are due tomorrow
whether you are here or not!
1.
Unit 4 Day 2 Wed. June 2nd
 Middle East Test Review given out
 Notes from “Conflict in Iraq” until ‘Iraq After
the US Leaves”
 Video overview of “Arab-Israeli Conflict”
 Read and answer questions to “1967: Six-Day
War” article on pg. 2-6. Read timeline first.
 HW: Finish article questions if you
didn’t in class. You need headphones for
tomorrow & Friday!
Unit 4 Day 3 Thurs. June 3rd
 Notes from “Arab-Israeli Conflict” until “Yasser
Arafat: Terrorist or Freedom Fighter?
 Part 1 of documentary, complete worksheet on
pg. 21-22.

You can access the video 2 ways, in my Stu-Public folder
and on my Wiki streamed from the internet.
 Check “1967:Six Day War” article if I
didn’t already
 Last packets given out
 HW: Bring headphones for tomorrow
Unit 4 Day 4 Fri. June 4th (Prom)
 Notes from “PLO Terrorism” to “New
Palestinian Leadership 2004”
 Part 2 of documentary, complete worksheet
on pg. 21-22.

You can access the video in your share drive, my StuPublic folder or on my Wiki streamed from the
internet.
 HW: Have fun & be safe! Your Middle East
Test is on Tuesday!
Unit 4 Day 5 Mon. June 7th
 Notes from “Israeli Disengagement” to the
end
 Read “Abbas, Netanyahu spurn US
Approach” on pg. 23 and answer questions
on pg. 21
 HW: Study for your test tomorrow.
Don’t forget about the maps!
Unit 4 Day 6 Tues. June 8th
 Middle East Test
 Complete crossword for “Conflict and
Cooperation”
 Review Final Exam Essay work