periodic table of elements
Metals
malleable
(bendable),
aluminum
copper
gold
shiny, and good
conductors of electricity
iron
lead
Nonmetals
brittle (breaks easy), dull, and
poor conductors of electricity
Metalloids
similar properties to both metals
and nonmetals
Families or Groups have:
similar properties and behaviors,
located in vertical columns,
example-highlighted area
is a family or group
H
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Rows or Periods:
atomic number increases as move
right ending with a noble gas,
every element has same number of
core electrons, ex row 2 all have
2 electrons on 1st energy level Li
2
Li Be
B C
N O F Ne
Element
• Element is matter made up only one kind of
atom.
• Atoms are so small that it would take 1
million of them lined up in a row to equal
the thickness of a human hair.
All atoms consist of:
• Nucleus is the positively charged, central part of
the atom.
• Protons are the positively charged particles IN the
nucleus.
• Neutrons are the uncharged particles in the
nucleus.
• Electrons are invisible, negatively charged
particles. Electrons are scattered in the mostly
empty space around the nucleus call the Electron
Cloud.
Identifying Characteristic
of Elements
• Look up the element Chlorine on the
Periodic Table of elements. The symbol is
CL. The top number 17 is the element’s
atomic number. It tells you the number of
protons in the nucleus of each atom of that
element. So every atom of chlorine has 17
protons in its nucleus. What is the number
of protons for the elements C ___, Ne __,
Pb ___, and U ____.
Isotopes
• Although the number of protons changes form
element to element, every atom of the same
element has the same number of protons.
However, the number of neutrons can vary for on
element. For example Chlorine atoms have 18
neutrons in their nucleus while others have 20.
They are called Isotopes – atoms of the same
element that have different numbers of neutrons.
For example two types of chlorine atoms are
chlorine-35 and chlorine-37
Atomic Mass
• An atom’s mass number is the number of
protons plus the number of neutrons it
contains.
• The atomic mass is the weighted average
mass of the isotopes of an element. The
atomic mass is the number found below the
element symbol.
Electrons
• To find the number of electrons on the
periodic table look at the atomic number.
Atoms have the equal amounts of protons
and electrons, therefore the atomic number
is both the number of protons and electrons.
Neutrons
• To find the number of neutrons of an element on
the Periodic Table you take the atomic mass and
round it (if needed greater than >.5) and subtract
the atomic number. For example look at Calcium
on the Periodic Table. The atomic mass is 40.08
and the Atomic number is 20. So you would
subtract 20 from 40.
40 (atomic mass rounded)
- 20 (atomic number)
20 neutrons
Noble Gases:
inert -meaning they don’t
combine with other elements
because their outer electron
level is filled;
last family see highlighted
He
Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe
Rn
Valence:
number of electrons
1 in outer shell (cloud level) 8
2
34567
Periodic Table
Review Quiz
Directions:
Read the following questions. Answer the questions
on your own paper in a complete sentence.
For Example:
Hydrogen’s atomic number is 1. How many protons
does it have?
Hydrogen has 1 proton.
Question # 1
1. Find the element Calcium (Family 2,
Period 4) on your periodic table.
How many electrons does it have?
Answer:
Calcium has _____________ electrons.
Question # 2
2. Sulfur has an atomic # of 16 and an
atomic mass of 32. How many
protons does it have?
Answer:
Sulfur has ____________ protons.
Question # 3
3. Find Potassium (Family 1, Period 4)
on your periodic table. How many
neutrons does it have?
Answer:
Potassium has __________ neutrons.
Question
#
4
4. Based on the number of protons in the four
elements below, which of the following
elements is a metal?
25
54
14
8
Answer:
_________________ is a metal.
Question # 5
5. Based on the atomic number of the following
elements, which one is a Noble Gas?
20
18
33
6
Answer:
_____________ is a Noble Gas.
Question # 6
6. Which drawing represents a BORON atom?
Drawing A
Drawing B
6 Protons
5 Protons
6 Neutrons
6
6 Electrons
5
Neutrons
Electrons
Answer:
Question # 7
7. This element contains 10 protons.
Which element is it?
Answer:
______________ contains 10 protons.
Question # 8
8. Fluorine has an atomic number of
9. How many protons does it
have?
Answer:
Fluorine has __________ protons.
Question # 9
9. Based on these atomic numbers below, which
of the following is a nonmetal?
24
47
17
Answer:
____________ is a nonmetal.
19
Question # 10
10.Based on the diagram below, which letter
represents neutrons?
D
A
B
Answer:
C
Answers
1. Calcium has 20 electrons.
2. Sulfur has 16 protons.
3. Potassium has 20 neutrons.
4. Manganese (at. # = 25) is a metal.
5. Argon (at. # = 18) is a noble gas.
6. Boron is answer choice B.
7. Neon contains 10 protons.
8. Fluorine has 9 protons.
9. Chlorine (at. # 17) is a nonmetal.
10.Answer choice C represents neutrons.