Chapter 8: Acids and Bases Text Reference What you need to know and be able to do: Objectives How well can you address the stated objective…at this time? Not at all 8.1 Theories of Acids and Bases 8.1.1 Define acids and bases according to the Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis theories 8.1.2 Deduce whether or not a species could act as a Bronsted-Lowry and/or a Lewis acid or base 8.1.3 Deduce the formula of the conjugate acid (or base) of any Bronsted-Lowry base(or acid) 8.2 Properties of Acids and Bases 8.2.1 Outline the characteristics properties of acids and bases in aqueous solution. 8.3 Strong and Weak Acids and Bases 8.3.1 Distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases in terms of the extent of dissociation, reaction with water and electrical conductivity. 8.4 8.3.2 State whether a given acid or base is strong or weak. 8.3.3 Distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases, and determine the relative strengths of acids and bases, using experimental data. The pH Scale 8.4.1 Distinguish between aqueous solutions that are acidic, neutral or alkaline using the pH scale. 8.4.2 Identify which of two or more aqueous solutions is more acidic or basic, using pH values. 8.4.3 State that each change of one pH unit represents a 10-fold change in the hydrogen ion concentration [H+ (aq) ]. 8.4.4 Deduce changes in [H+ (aq) ] when the pH of a solution changes by more than one pH unit. So-so I know this! 18.1 18.2 Calculations Involving Acids & Bases 18.1.1 State the expression for the ionic product constant of water (Kw). 18.1.2 Deduce [H+ (aq) ] and [OH- (aq) ] for water at different temperatures, given Kw values. 18.1.3 Solve problems involving [H+ (aq) ], [OH- (aq) ], pH, and pOH. 18.1.4 State the equation for the reaction of any weak acid or weak base with water, and hence deduce the expressions for Ka and Kb. 18.1.5 Solve problems involving solutions of weak acids and bases using the expressions: Ka x Kb = Kw pKa + pKb = pKw pH + pOH = pKw 18.1.6 Identify the relative strengths of acids and bases using values of Ka, Kb, pKa, and pKb. Buffer Solutions 18.2.1 Describe the composition of a buffer solution and explain its action. 18,2,2 Solve problems involving the composition and pH of a specified buffer system. 18.3 Salt Hydrolysis 18.3.1 Deduce whether salts form acidic, alkaline, or neutral aqueous solutions. 18.4 Acid-Base Titrations 18.4.1 Sketch the general shapes of graphs of pH against volume for titrations involving strong and weak acids and bases and explain their important features. 18.5 Indicators 18.5.1 Describe qualitatively the action of an acid-base indicator. 18.5.2 State and explain how the pH range of an acid-base indicator relates to its pKa value. 18.5.3 Identify an appropriate indicator for a titration, given the equivalence point of the titration and the end point of the indicator. Specific Assignments on Acids/Bases/Salts Answer your questions in your chemistry comp book. Be sure to title and date your entry. Number each answer. You do not have to write the question down… but you may want to include some of the question in your answer… to make it useful for later reference. When you are done with the work, check your answer against the answer key. Make corrections, as needed, in a different color of pen/pencil. If you don’t understand a question and/or answer, mark the problem and pursue it! You can bring this ‘problem problems’ up in class, with your classmates, and/or with me individually. Points for these assignments will be based on completion and evidence of corrections. This is an important opportunity for you to learn. So do these! Assgn Section 1 Page(s) Numbers Due Date - to be announced 8.2 Properties of Acids and Bases P 212 Do Ex 8.2 p 212 # 1, 2, 3a-f 8.3 Strong and Weak acids & bases P 213-214 Do Ex 8.3 on p. 214 # 1-5 (all) 2 8.1 Theories of acids and bases pp 207-210 Do Ex 8.1 p 211 # 1-5, 6a, 6b, 7a-d, 8a-c, 9a-d, 10 a-e. 3 18.3 Salt hydrolysis pp 224 4 8.4 The pH scale pp 215-216 Do Ex 8.4 p 216 #1-8 18.1 Calculations involving acids and bases pp 217-220 Do Ex 18.1 p 220 #1-5, 6a,6c,6e, 7, 8, 9, 10 5 18.2 Buffer solutions pp 221-223 Do Ex 18.2 p 223 #1-6 6 18.4 Acid-base titrations pp 225-226 Do Ex 18.4 p 227-228 #1-4 18.5 Indicators pp 228-229 Do Ex 18.5 p 229 #1-5 Do Ex 18.3 p 224 #1-4 Possible Resources for Review / Practice on Acids/Bases/Salts (1) (2) (3) Green and Damjii Chapter 8 Practice Problems with Solutions (posted on the web site) Notes from PowerPoint(s) (Separate Packet(s)) Do Exercises and check your answers.