Skeleton System
 The skeletal system is broken into 2 categories
 Axial
 Skull
 Ribs
 Sternum
 Vertebral column
 Appendicular
 Upper extremity
 Lower extremity
Skull
 Made up 0f 22 bones
 8 bones fused together make the
cranium
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Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
 14 bones make up the face
 Mandible
 Maxilla
 Zygomatic
 Nasal bones
 Only joint that moves in the skull is
the temporomandibular joint
 mandible forms a hinge with
temporal bone
Ribs
 Purpose of the ribs are to protect the heart and lungs
 There are 12 pairs of ribs
 1-7: True ribs
 8-12: False ribs
 11-12: Floating ribs
 Sternum
 Also called the “breastbone”
 Sometimes used as a
painful stimulus
 3 parts
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Manubrium


Body


Articulates with clavicle
Articulates with ribs 2-7
Xiphoid process

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Attachment for rectus abdominis
Also a landmark for CPR
Vertebral Column
 Spinal Column or vertebral column stretches from
the base of skull to coccyx
 Composed of bones called vertebrae
 Intervertebral disks separate body of each vertebrae
 Vertebrae has ligaments in front and back to help
keep column together
 Each vertebrae has 3 parts
 Body
 Spinous Process
 Vertebral foramen

Holds spinal cord
Sections of the Vertebral Column
 There are 5 sections to the vertebral column
 7 Cervical vertebrae

Smallest vertebra
 12 Thoracic vertebrae

Articulate with the ribs
 5 Lumbar vertebrae

Supports most of the body’s weight
 Sacrum

Composed of 5 fused vertebrae
 Coccyx


Composed 4 fused bones
Also called the “tail bone”
Shoulder Girdle
 Consists of 2 bones
 Scapula


Also called the shoulder blade
Free floating bone between ribs 2 & 7 posteriorly
 Clavicle
 Also called the collar bone
 Attaches to axial skeleton
Arm
 Humerus
 Long bone located in
the upper arm
 Forearm (2 bones)
 Radius

Lateral long bone in the
forearm
 Ulna

Medial long bone in the
forearm
Hand
 There are 27 bones that make up
the hand
 Carpals
 8 small bones that make up the
wrist
 Metacarpals
 5 long bones that make up the
palm
 Named according to their position
in the hand
 Ex. 1st metacarpal is thumb, 5th
is little finger
 Phalanges
 14 bones that make up the fingers
 Also called digits
 Each finger has 3 bones
 Each thumb has 2
Pelvic Girdle
 Consists of 3 bones
 Attaches lower limb to axial
skeleton
 Transmits weight of upper
body to lower limb
 Supports pelvic bones
 3 main bones


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Ilium
 Largest part of pelvic girdle
Ischium
 Located posteriorly
 Called “sit bones”
Pubis
 Located anteriorly
 Come together to form pelvis
Leg
 Consists of 4 bones
 Femur


Longest and strongest bone in the
body
Built for stability, not flexibility
 Patella
 Also called knee cap
 Tibia
 Long bone on the medial aspect of
leg
 90% weight bearing
 Fibula
 Long bone on the lateral aspect of
leg
 10% weight bearing
Foot
 Consists of 26 bones
 Tarsals

7 bones that make up the
ankle
 Metatarsals
 5 long bones of the foot
 Name according to their
position in the foot
 Phalanges
 14 bones that make up
phalanges
 Each toe contains 3
 Each toe contains 2