Part 1 - Multiple Choice.
Circle one answer only. If you change your mind, cross out the original choice
and circle the new answer
Respiratory System
What are the serous membranes associated with the lungs known as?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The pulmonary membranes
The pleural membranes
The parietal membranes
The cardiac membranes
What are the air sacs that make up the lungs called?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Alveoli
Nephrons
Lobules
Neurons
What is one of the main muscles of respiration?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Rectus abdominus
Diaphragm
Deltoid
Gluteus maximus
What does the cilia that lines the trachea do?
A.
B.
C.
D.
it stimulates the production of mucus
it is where nutrient absorption takes place
it traps bacteria that would otherwise enter the lungs
it humidifies inhaled air
What is the main function of the upper airways?
A.
B.
C.
D.
heating or cooling inhaled air
filtering inhaled particles
humidifying inhaled air
all of the above are functions of the upper airways
The epiglottis closes over the opening to the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
larynx
nasal passage
trachea
oesophagus
Once inhaled air passes through the pharynx, what is the next structure it would
enter?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the external nares
the larynx
the trachea
the primary bronchus
Where does the unloading of carbon dioxide take place?
A.
B.
C.
D.
in the alveoli in the lungs
in the terminal bronchioles
in the conducting pathways
in the systemic circuit
How does the exchange of respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) take
place?
A.
B.
C.
D.
via osmosis
via simple diffusion
via active transport requiring ATP
via channel mediated diffusion
Oxygen combines with hemoglobin to form a compound known as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
carbonic acid
bicarbonate ion
oxyhemoglobin
carbon dioxide
What is the name for the voice box?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Larynx
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Trachea
Special Senses
Which structure conducts images from the retina to the brain?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the lens
the pupil
the optic nerve
the cornea
Which of the following is a structure of the inner ear?
A.
B.
C.
D.
pinna
tympanic membrane
cochlea
Eustachian tube
Which of the special senses is considered out dominant sense?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Hearing, because we receive auditory input which goes directly to the brain.
Smell, because we can determine if something is safe to eat or not.
Vision, because more than 70% of our sensory receptors are found in the eye.
Taste, because that is how we can determine if we should eat something or
not.
Which structure of the eye focuses light on the retina?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the iris
the lens
the sclera
the pupil
The hearing receptor cells within the ear are called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
hair cells
rod cells
cone cells
olfactory cells
Which of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
sweet
sour
chilli
umami
Urinary System
Urine is produced by the kidneys by filtering which substance?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Blood
Water
Electrolytes
Lymphatic fluid
Which of the following is NOT an organ of the urinary system?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The kidneys
The urinary bladder
The liver
The urethra
Which of the follow are the correct steps for urine formation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Filtration, absorption and secretion
Filtration, regulation and excretion
Absorption, excretion and micturition
Secretion, filtration and excretion
Urine is made up primarily of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
blood
protein
ketones
water
Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the kidneys?
A.
B.
C.
D.
secreting hormones that help digestion
regulating blood volume by controlling water balance
producing urine
disposing of metabolic waste products
Most nephrons are located in which part of the kidney?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the renal pelvis
the renal cortex
the renal pyramids
the renal calyces
The non-selective process performed by the glomerulus is known as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
tubular reabsorption
filtration
secretion
urination
Lymphatic & Immune System
What is the role of the lymph nodes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
to filter blood and remove bacteria, debris and cancerous cells
to filter leaked plasma and return it to the blood
to trap pathogens as they enter the throat
to produce lymphocytes
When someone gets chicken pox and their body’s immune system fights it off, this is
an example of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Active, artificially acquired immunity
Active, naturally acquired immunity
Passive, artificially acquired immunity
Passive, naturally acquired immunity
What is lymphatic fluid similar in composition to?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Blood plasma
Urine
Blood
Electrolytes
In what way are lymph capillaries similar to blood capillaries?
A.
B.
C.
D.
They are both open and blind ended vessels
They both have a pump
They both return blood to the heart
They are both thin walled and have valves to prevent backflow
Which of the following is NOT part of the lymphatic system?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Peyer’s patches
Thyroid gland
Thymus gland
Tonsils
A child that receives antibodies from its mother via breastmilk gains which form of
immunity?
A.
B.
C.
D.
naturally acquired active immunity
artificially acquired active immunity
naturally acquired passive immunity
artificially acquired passive immunity
Lymphatic fluid is basically water that has escaped from:
A.
B.
C.
D.
blood
tears
cerebrospinal fluid
saliva
Which structure carries lymphatic fluid to the lymph node?
A.
B.
C.
D.
a blood vessel
a lymph vessel
the heart
the spleen
The thymus is most active during:
A.
B.
C.
D.
infancy
adolescence
adulthood
old age
Reproductive System
The process by which eggs are produced is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Ovulation
Oogenesis
Fertilization
Meiosis
Where does a fertilised ovum implant at the beginning of a pregnancy?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the ovaries
the fallopian tubes
the uterus
the vagina
Where does the production of sperm occur?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Vas deferens
Testes
Urethra
Prostate gland
At what time of gestation is an embryo considered to become a fetus?
A.
B.
C.
D.
at implantation
at 9 weeks gestation
at 12 weeks gestation
at 20 weeks gestation
A female has all the ‘eggs’ she will ever produce at ____________?
A.
B.
C.
D.
birth
age 10
the onset of puberty
the age of 30
The process of ovulation in a female occurs every _____ days
A.
B.
C.
D.
10
14
28
45
Part 2 – Short Answers – 10 Questions. Please attempt all
questions.
Respiratory System
Question 1.
What is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs known as?
Pulmonary ventilation or breathing
Question 2.
Incoming air is warmed, moistened and filtered on its way to the lungs. How does
this occur?
It swirls around bones within the nasal cavity, where it becomes moist and warm and
at the same time passes over mucous membranes that are sticky with mucus, and
this traps bacteria.
Question 3.
What is the bony division between the nasal cavity and the mouth known as?
The hard palate
Question 4.
Explain how oxygen is transported in the blood
It binds to hemoglobin to form an easily-reversible compound known as
oxyhemoglobin
Question 5.
Gas exchange between the blood and the cells of the body is known as?
Internal respiration or cellular respiration
Special Senses
Question 6.
What is the name of the structure that divides the outer ear from the middle ear?
The tympanic membrane or the ear drum
Question 7.
What structure focuses light on the retina?
The lens (a big hint is the word, focuses, which is what the lens in a camera does)
Question 8.
What type of receptor is responsible for our sense of smell?
The olfactory receptors
Lymphatic & Immune System
Question 9.
Consider what lymphatic fluid is. How is it formed and how is it moved throughout
the body?
Lymph is essentially plasma that has leaked from the blood capillaries. It moves into
the lymph vessels and is pushed towards the heart by skeletal muscle movement
and pressure changes in the thorax during breathing.
Question 10.
What is the difference between naturally acquired immunity and artificially acquired
immunity? Give an example of each:
Naturally acquired immunity occurs as a result of the body fighting off a ‘bug’
whereas artificially acquired immunity occurs as a result of being ‘given’ a
vaccination to help the body ‘build’ immunity.
Question 11.
In your own words, explain how the components of the first line of defense (skin,
mucous membranes and their secretions) protect the body against foreign invaders.
The skin produces sebum, which is slightly acidic and this stops bacteria from
growing on it. The skin is a waterproof barrier to pathogens, stopping them from
entering the body. The mucous membranes produce mucus that trap bacteria and
stop them from entering the lungs.
Urinary System
Question 12.
Structurally and functionally, how does the male urethra differ to a female urethra?
A male urethra is a passageway for both semen and urine and is approximately
20cm long. A female urethra is a passageway for urine only and is 3-4cm long.
Question 13.
What are the three processes that need to take place in order for urine to be formed?
Glomerular filtration, where the blood is filtered, tubular reabsorption, where
substances the body can still use are reabsorbed back into the blood, and tubular
secretion where waste products are secreted from the blood into the filtrate which
eventually becomes urine.
Question 14.
What are the two main structures of a nephron and what does a nephron do?
A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and is comprised of the glomerulus and
the renal tubule.
Question 15.
What name is given to the tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder?
The ureters.
Reproductive System
Question 16.
The middle muscular layer of the uterus is known as the ___________?
myometrium.
Question 17.
What is the name of the narrow outlet of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina?
The cervix.
Question 18.
What is the name of the inner layer of the uterus that is shed during menstruation?
The endometrium
Question 19.
Which organs form the gonads (sex organs) in the male and female reproductive
systems?
The testes in males and the ovaries in females.
Question 20.
What are the secondary sex characteristics in a male and what causes them?
Growth of facial and pubic hair, deepening of the voice, increase in bone growth and
density, enlargement of skeletal muscles. These are all caused by testosterone.