1500-1800
Section I
Section II
Section
III
Exploration: Motives and Means
 Spice Trade
 Religious zeal
 Fame and Fortune
 Political Ambition
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Portuguese Trading Empire
Colonial and Trade Interests
Portugal maintained a colonial or trade interests in West Africa, India, and
South America.
Discovered a route to India by sea which
allowed him to trade for spice and
Make a profit of several thousand
percent.
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Portuguese Trading Empire
Extremely profitable trade item from Southeast Asia that not only flavored foods,
but also helped keep food fresh.
The southern coast of West Africa was a new found source of gold. Thus
It became known to the Europeans as the Gold Coast.
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Gold Coast State
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Voyages to the Americas
Established a line of demarcation between Spanish and Portuguese
territories to protect their claimed lands. It also gave Portugal
control over its route around Africa, and it gave Spain rights to
almost all of the Americas.
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Voyages to the Americas
Went to his grave believing he had reached Asia, when in fact he had
found the major islands of the Caribbean and Honduras in Central
America.
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Voyages to the Americas
A Venetian seaman who explored the New England coastline of the
Americas for England. England had colonies or trade relations in
both New England and parts of India
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Dutch Settlers
The Dutch were the first
European settlers in the
Hudson River Valley
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Spanish Empire
Declared that all original inhabitants of the Americas were her subjects
and granted the Spanish “encomienda” or the right to use Native
Americans as laborers. Conquistadors were Spanish conquerors used by
the queen to take over the Americas.
A set of principles that dominated economic thought during the 17th century.
This included the belief that the prosperity of a nation depended on the
amount of gold and silver the country held.
The difference in value between imports and exports over
time.
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Spanish Empire
The Spanish conqueror of Mexico, that Aztec rulers fought Against his forces.
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“They longed and lusted for gold. Their
bodies swelled with greed, and their hunger
was ravenous; they hungered like pigs for
that gold.-Aztec describing Spanish
conquerors
1. Based on this quote, what might the Aztec have
inferred about the Spaniards and their
civilization?
2. What do you think they meant by “they hungered
like pigs for that gold”?
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13-1 Vocabulary
Using your text
define the following
terms and names:
Colony
Mercantilism
Conquistadors
Balance of trade
“Encomienda”
Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494
Line of demarcation
Vasco de Gamma
John Cabot
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Africa in an Age of Transition
 Slave Trade
 Political and Social Structures
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African Slave Trade
 Originally taken to Southwest Asia as domestic
servants
 Eventually brought to the coast of Brazil to
grow Sugarcane
 Sugarcane grown on large agricultural estates
known as “plantations”
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Growth-Sources
 The “triangular trade” connected Europe, Africa and Asia,
and the Americas
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Triangular Slave Route
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Growth-Sources
 European clothes and guns to Africa traded for slaves with
African slave merchants, which then were taken to the
Americas and sold.
 The journey from Africa to the Americas was known as the
“Middle Passage” the point where most slaves died.
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Effects
 Decline of the traditional African Political System of tribal
clans including the depopulation of some areas.
Deterioration of art and culture and an increase in warfare.
 The society of Ibo of eastern Nigeria produced more slaves
than anyone.
 Indirect effects such as Moroccan forces attacking the
weakened empire of Songhai or entire brilliant societies
ruined like Benin.
 The spread of Islam to North and West Africa.
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King Afonso I
1456-1545
King Afonso of Congo wrote a
letter to the King of Portugal in
1526 stating: “so great is the
corruption that our country is
being completely depopulated.”
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13-2 Vocabulary
Using your text
define the following
terms and names:
Sugarcane
Middle Passage
Triangular Trade
Ashanti
Plantations
King Afonso
Ibo
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Southeast Asia and the Spice
Trade
 1500’s Southeast Asia was a fairly stable region with
Buddhism as its predominant religion on the mainland
states like Thailand, Burma, Vietnam, and Cambodia.
 Muslim traders came to the Malay Peninsula and
Indonesian Archipelago by the lure of spice trade.
 Islam became their dominant religion.
 This was where the most European influence would
eventually take place do to weak central monarchies.
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Arrival of the Europeans to
Southeast Asia
 1511 the Portuguese seized Melaka, (Port City on Malay) and




occupied the Moluccas. Known to the Europeans as the
“Spice Islands”.
Dutch traders arrived with more funds and better
organization and forced the Portuguese out of the spice
trade in the early 1600’s. Limiting them to working trading
posts.
The Dutch also forced out the English traders limiting them
to a single port off the coast of Sumatra.
The Dutch seized Java to help protect their possessions in
the east.
Dutch tried to limit the growth of Clove to one island and
stop all others from growing it.
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Southeast Asia Map
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Political Systems in
Southeast Asia
 Mainland used the Buddhist style of government where the
king was superior and served as a link to the universe.
 Islamic Sultans ruled the Malay Peninsula and the small
coastal states of the Indonesian Archipelago. He was
viewed as a mortal with special qualities. He staffed his
bureaucracy(a body of non-elected government officials)
with aristocrats (A member of a ruling class or of the
nobility).
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13-3 Vocabulary
Using your text define and
or locate on a map the
following terms :
Melaka
Mainland States
The Moluccas
Bureaucracy
Buddhism
Java
Sumatra
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