• Structure consists of an outer, tough
fibrocartilage disc filled with a gel-like material
that functions as a shock absorber
• Located between the bodies of adjacent vertebra
• Herniation of this can exert pressure on the
nearby spinal cord and/or spinal nerve, causing
extreme pain and sometimes numbness and even
paralysis
• Intervertebral disc
• The passageway formed by the vertebral
foramina through which the spinal cord passes
is called the ________
• Vertebral canal
• Blood supply to the brain (artery) passes
through the _______
• Transverse foramina
• What passes through the intervertebral
foramina?
• Spinal nerves
• Which vertebral curvature develops when a
child begins to stand?
• Lumbar curvature
How many curvatures are in the vertebral
column?
4
• The two large articular facets on the superior
surface of the Atlas articulate with the
_______
• Occipital condyles (of the skull)
• The dens of the Axis articulates with the
_____
• Atlas
• The auricular surface of the sacrum articulates
with the _____________.
• Ilium (of the hip bone)
• The head of the rib articulates with the
______
• Vertebral body of the thoracic vertebra
• The tubercle of the rib articulates with the
_____
• Transverse process of the thoracic vertebra
• Ribs 1-7 are called “True ribs” because their
anterior ends articulate with the ______
• Sternum
• Ribs 8-10 are called “False ribs.” Their anterior
ends articulate with ________
• Rib 7
• Ribs 11 & 12 are called “Floating ribs” because
their anterior ends articulate with _____.
• Nothing
• A life-threatening traumatic injury in which
there are multiple fractures of two or more
adjacent ribs and which results in paradoxical
breathing is called _______
• Flail chest
• When performing a thoracentesis (chest tap),
the needle should be inserted just above the
superior edge of a rib to avoid laceration of
the _______
• What is located in the costal groove of each
rib?
• Costal artery
• Exaggerated thoracic curvature is called ____
• Kyphosis
• Exaggerated lumbar curvature is called _____
• Lordosis
• Lateral curvature of the vertebral column is
called ________
• Scoliosis
• The spinous process of the C7 vertebra
(cervical vertebra #7) is an important
landmark for doctors and is called the
________
• Vertebra prominens
• Which part of the vertebral column moves
forward when you sit down, thus acting as a
shock absorber?
• Coccyx
• How many cervical vertebrae do humans
have?
• 7
• How many thoracic vertebrae do humans
have?
• 12
• How many lumbar vertebrae do humans
have?
• 5
• Which curvature of the vertebral column
develops when a baby holds it head up?
• Cervical curvature
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1. cervical curvature
2. thoracic curvature
3. lumbar curvature
4. sacral (pelvic) curvature
5. vertebra prominens
6. rib facet
7. intervertebral disc
8. intervertebral foramina
9. sacrum
10. coccyx
11. cervical vertebrae
12. thoracic vertebrae
13. lumbar vertebrae
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14. cervical vertebra
15. thoracic vertebra
16. lumbar vertebra
17. bifid spinous process
18. transverse foramen
19. spinous process
20. facet that articulates with rib tubercle
21. lamina
22. body
23. pedicle
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24. body
25. transverse process
26. vertebral foramen
27. facet that articulates with rib head
28. superior articular facet
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29. Atlas
30. Axis
31. Dens of the Axis
32. Occipital condyles (skull)
33. Dens
34. Dens
35. Atlas
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36. Sacrum
37. coccyx
38. Sacral promontory
39. Sacral canal
40. Auricular surface
41. Ilium (hip bone)
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42. true ribs
43. false ribs
44. floating ribs
45. sternum
46. manubrium
47. body
48. xiphoid process
49. costal cartilage
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50. rib tubercle
51. shaft
52. costal groove
53. costal artery
54. neck
55. head
Review
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What passes through each of these openings:
1. Vertebral foramen – spinal cord
2. Transverse foramen – arteries to the brain
3. Intervertebral foramen – spinal nerve
4. Sacral canal – spinal nerves and blood vessels
Review
• Know the articulations (what connects with what):
• With what does the superior articular facet on a vertebra, (and the
sacrum) articulate? The posterior articular facets of the vertebra
above it.
• The facets on the superior aspect of the atlas? Occiptal condyles
• The dens of the axis? Atlas
• The auricular surface on the sacrum? Ilium (hip bone)
• The tubercle of the rib? Transverse process of thoracic vertebra
• The head of the rib? Vertebral body of thoracic vertebra
• The anterior end of ribs 1-7? sternum
• The anterior end of ribs 8-10? Rib 7
• The anterior end of ribs 11-12? Nothing