CHAPTER 4

SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
 Wound- Injury to Skin
 Types of Wounds:
 Incision- open wound made by a sharp object (rare)
 Abrasion- scrapping off a layer of skin, might bleed
 Contusion-closed wound aka bruise; swelling/discoloration
 Laceration- jagged, irregular open wound
 Avulsion- partial tearing away of a body part
 Amputation-complete tearing away of body part
 Puncture- when a pointed object enters the body
 Contrecoup- occurs on the opposite side of the initial injury

CHALLENGE QUESTION
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SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
 SprainsInjury to a ligament (tearing/overstretching)
 Strains-
Injury to a tendon(tearing/overstretching)
 AcuteCaused by a sudden trauma, such as a fall, twist, or blow to the body.
Examples include sprains, strains, and contusions.
 Chronic-
Chronic or Overuse injuries occur gradually over time, when an athletic or other activity is repeated so often, areas of the body do not have enough time to heal between occurrences. Tendinitis and bursitis are common soft-tissue overuse injuries.

SPRAINS & STRAINS- CATEGORIES
 First Degree (mild)- tissue is overstretched but there is no loss of motion
 Second Degree (moderate)- tissue is partially torn and there is some loss of motion and swelling
 Third Degree (severe)-tissue is completely or almost completely rupture (pulled apart); functioning is difficult, inability to move body part due to lack of muscle pull on bone(s).

BONE INJURIES
 Articulation- Point of contact between bones (joint)
 Dislocation- occurs when a significant force displaces bone so that the two bones ends in a the same joint no longer line up
 Fracture- broken bone
 Failure Point- amount of energy required to cause a fracture, dependent on athlete, age, and bone structure.

CHALLENGE QUESTION
 With any fracture injury an athlete will be in a splint or cast for ___ to ___ weeks, which is the amount of time required for healing.
 There are three stages of healing that need to occur during this time frame: acute, repair, and remodeling… to learn more about these check out pg. 49-50.
 If a bone never heals it is called a nonunion.

TYPES OF BONE INJURIES
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Avulsion- ligament or tendon pulls away so hard at its bony attachment that portion of the bone is pulled away
Stress ( fatigue)- occurs in a bone that has been subjected to repetitive stress
Spiral- torsional (twisting) force along the length of a bone
Longitudinal- runs the length of a bone
Compression- occurs when opposing forces are applied to the bone from both ends at the same time
Oblique- diagonal line across a bone from one side to another
Comminuted- bone is crushed into smaller pieces
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Greenstick- occurs in developing individuals, whose bones are soft like cartilage as a result bone tend to bend and fracture only partway
Transverse- travels across and perpendicular to a bone
Depressed- indent caused from direct impact to the skull
Blowout- eye is pushed hard backwards and down into the eye socket, small bones under eye are crushed
Pathological- disease weakens bones so that little stress causes a fracture
Epiphyseal- growth plate at end of bones fractures, typically at the ends of long bones

CH. 4: BASICS OF TISSUE INJURIES REVIEW
Complete On Google Drive & Share When Finished
 Select three wounds and determine what sport has a likelihood of producing such wounds. Support your response.
 Select two bone injuries and determine who (adult, adolescent, male, female) is most likely to suffer from each and why.
 Identify one tissue injury (skin, bone, ligament, or tendon) that a professional athlete had during the last few years; explain the injury and briefly highlight the treatment/care needed.