Cell Anatomy Cell Parts & Their Functions What is a Cell? A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. It is the basic unit of living things. Cell Theory • All living things are made up of cells. • Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. • All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Cell Organelles • Cell Parts are referred to as organelles. Cell Wall • Found in plant cells & some bacteria (not animal cells) • Supports & protects the cell Cell Wall Cell Membrane • Protective layer around all cells (both plant and animal) • Allows food and oxygen into the cell and moves waste products out of the cell Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm • Space found inside of the cell (gel-like stuff that fills the cytoplasm is called the cytosol) • Surrounded by cell membrane Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus • Contains instructions (genes) for everything cell does (found in the DNA) • Strands of DNA form our chromosomes Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome • Each cell contains thousands of these • Make proteins (structures that do certain jobs for the cell) – (Think of it like a brick yard, it makes the things that cell is made of) • Found on ER & floating throughout the cell Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER for Short) • Moves materials around in cell – Like a highway • Smooth ER: doesn’t have (lacks) ribosomes • Rough ER : ribosomes embedded (fixed) on the surface Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome ER Mitochondrion • Releases energy from food – Energy/Power Plant of the cell • Plural form is called the mitochondria Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome ER Mitochondrion Chloroplasts • Found only in plant cells • Contains green chlorophyll (why plants look green) • Where photosynthesis (chemical reaction) takes place – Helps plant cells make food Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome ER Mitochondrion Chloroplasts Vacuole • Temporary storage spaces; there are two types – Central vacuole- found only in plants and contains water solution (helps plants maintain—keep– their shape) – Lysosome-found in both plant and animals cells, gets rid of wastes (garbage disposal of the cell) Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome ER Mitochondrion Chloroplasts Vacuoles Golgi Body • Protein 'packaging plant‘ (sometimes called the Golgi Apparatus) • Move materials into the cell • Move materials out of the cell Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome ER Mitochondrion Chloroplasts Vacuoles Golgi Body Make a Cell • Your assignment: – We will make a model of the cell using the paper plate as the basis of your cell. – You need to decide if you want to make a plant cell or an animal cell. This is a project, so it needs to look presentable (which means no pencil and colors on the diagram)! – You must have a diagram of your cell on the front of the plate with the following organelles: nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, lysosome, and Golgi Apparatus (body)—if you have a plant cell, you must also have a chloroplast and cell wall – On the back of your plate, you must define IN YOUR OWN WORDS what each organelle does; if you chose the animal cell, you must also include the chloroplast and cell wall in your list (note that they are only found in plant cells) Bibliography • http://www.scienceclass.net/PowerPoints/Cell_structure_functio n.htm • Glencoe Life Structure Book A Thoughts from Yesterday… • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • What splits the cells? Is there such a things as a “god” cell? What is the smallest component in a cell? How is an apple living? I know that it is the cells, but how are they “living”? With a stem cell, can you make a clone? Can you mix DNA successfully? How did they know what to name all these things? How did they discovery them (cells)? Can you have a clone of yourself? How do white blood cells fight bacteria and other sicknesses? Is our brain just another body part or are we our brain? If your parents are short and you are short how did cells know that you would be short? What’s the difference between DNA and a cell? If you have the same blood type as someone else, can you have blood cells inserted into your body? Are there different cells? • • Crazy that we can re-grow/create a part of our bodies using only a stem cell. Viruses are not living and a lot more things are living (than I thought). It’s neat that they have to take over you and use you as a host. In order to grow or heal yourself, your cells have to split. I didn’t know that babies were just a bunch of cells before they turned into a baby. Cells are the smallest working units of living things and that all living things are made of cells. Can’t believe that something as big as living creatures is run by something as small as a cell! I didn’t know that cells divided to make more. Your brain tells cells to split and make more. All living things are made of cells and they are really important. Didn’t know that cells could “eat” each other. • I didn’t know that cells have “brains”! • • • • • • • •