BELLRINGER
Whale
Lion
Bat
Whale
Spider
Bird
Lobster
Butterfly
Fish
All of these organisms are animals and belong in Kingdom Animalia
1. If you had to classify these organisms into two groups, what would
your categories be and which animals would be in which category?
An example is on the side board- you cannot use mine.
2. If you had to classify these organisms into three groups, what would
your categories be and which animals would be in which category?
• Taxonomy is the study of how living things are
classified into groups.
• The groups that organisms are classified into are
called taxa. (Taxon if singular)
Organisms are
physical similarities
classified based
genetic similarities
on:
8 Classification Groups “Taxa”
Domain-
Most broad, only three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
Example: Humans at this level are grouped with all other organisms made of
eukaryotic cells– (Algae, Fungus, Plants, and Animals)
Kingdom-
More specific, based on cell type, method of obtaining energy, and # of cells,
and complexity: Example: Humans at this level are grouped with all other
animals- (Sponge, Insects, Birds, Mammals)
Phylum-
Based on even more specific characteristics.
Example: Humans are grouped with other animals that have backbones at this level.
Class -
Based on even more specific characteristics.
Example: Humans are grouped with other animals with backbones that feed milk to
their young.
Order -
Based on even more specific characteristics.
Example: Humans are grouped with other animals
with backbones that feed milk to their young and
have opposable thumbs.
Family -
Based on even more specific characteristics.
Example: Humans are grouped with other great
apes that have opposable thumbs and have very
close DNA strand sequence.
Genus -
Even more specific
Example: Humans at this level are grouped with other humanlike ancestors based on the use of language and tool use.
Species -
Exact organism
Example: “Modern” humans with our brain size, learning capacity, and longevity.
How Humans Are Classified
Broad
Specific
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum (Division for plants)
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Order
Primata
Family
Hominidae
Genus
Homo
Species
sapeins
The 8 Classification Groups
“Taxa” for all living things are:
Domain
Dear
Kingdom
King
Phylum
Phillip
Class
Cried
Order
Out
Family
For
Genus
Good
Species
Soup
Carolus Linnaeus
(1707-1778), a
Swedish botanist
“binomial nomenclature”
Was created by Linnaeus.
It is a two-word naming
system for living things.
SCIENTIFIC NAMING!
• The “Binomial nomenclature” or scientific name
for each species, is a combination of the
genus name and species name.
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Homo = Genus,
Homo sapiens
sapiens = species
Naming Organisms
What is the name
of this organism?
Why don’t scientists use common names?
Confusing – there can be more than one common
name per species.
Misleading – Example: starfish is not a fish
WHY USE A
SCIENTIFIC
NAME?
There is only one
scientific name
for each species
Felis concolor
The common name of many animals can be misleading.
Ceylon frogmouth
(Batrachostomus moniliger)
is a bird….
Killer whales
(Orcinus orca )are the
largest member of
the dolphin family.
Flying fish
(Parezocoetus mesogaster)
do not fly, but glide.
Seahorse
(Hippocampus zosterae) is
not a horse, but a
fish.
MORE THAN ONE COMMON NAME…
United States and England- Sparrow
Spain – Gorrion domestico
Holland – Huismus
Scientific name: Passer domesticus
What language is used for the scientific naming?
LATIN
1. Latin is no longer used in conversation.
2. It’s tradition.
3. Universal.
What is the correct
way to write the
scientific name?
* Always capitalize the Genus and not the species.
•If handwriting, underline the name: Felis concolor
•If typing, put the name in italics: Felis concolor
•You can also abbreviate the Genus: F. concolor
How Living Things Are Related
• Compare the appearance of a lynx, Lynx rufus,
a bobcat, Lynx canadensis
a mountain lion, Felis concolor.
Lynx
Bobcat
Mountain
lion
How Living Things Are Classified
Lynx
Bobcat
Mountain
lion
The scientific names of the lynx and bobcat tell
you that they belong to the same genus, Lynx.
All species in the genus Lynx have 28 teeth.
Mountain lions, have 30 teeth and belong to
another genus. However all of these cats
belong to the same family, called Felidae.
Recognizing Relationships
Tell me something about each of these
organisms.
Carnegiea gigantea
giant saguaro cactus
Nymphaea odorata
fragrant water lily
Canis familiaris
domestic dog
Peromyscus californicus common California mouse
Viola tricolor
three color pansy
Question 1
According to the table, at what level does the
domestic cat diverge from the ferret?
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Cetacea
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family
Mysticeti
Mustelidae
Felidae
Genus
Balenopora
Mustela
Felis
Species
B. physalus
M. furo
F. catus
Common Name
Blue Whale
Ferret
Domestic Cat
The domestic cat belongs to the family
Felidae and the ferret belongs to the
family Mustelidae.
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Cetacea
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family
Mysticeti
Mustelidae
Felidae
Genus
Balenopora
Mustela
Felis
Species
B. physalus
M. furo
F. catus
Common Name
Blue Whale
Ferret
Domestic Cat
Question 2
How many levels of classification do all three
animals share?
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Cetacea
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family
Mysticeti
Mustelidae
Felidae
Genus
Balenopora
Mustela
Felis
Species
B. physalus
M. furo
F. catus
Common Name
Blue Whale
Ferret
Domestic Cat
All three animals belong to the same
kingdom, phylum, and class.