Classification
Taxonomy
A way of organizing living organisms
Showing ancestral relationships
History
• Linnaeus – Swiss – lived in the late 1700’s
• Devised our scheme of taxonomy – naming
living organisms
• Binomial naming scheme
– 2 Latin-word name
– Genus (small group of similar organisms)
– Species (Specific name within that group)
Why do we classify?
• Different regions call the same animal by
different names
• Panther, mountain lion, cougar - all the same
animal called by different names regionally
– Puma concolor
• What is the animal’s genus?
• Species?
• Organizational scheme by similar qualities into
groups of related organisms
Mammals
• What qualities do all mammals share?
Warm-blooded, nurse their young, bear
live young, have fur
• Homologous structures……
– Remember from before – whale, bat, cat, human
forearm – we are all MAMMALS
– These structures help to show common ancestry
and relatedness
Relationships
All Mammals
Lion
Leopard
Which are more closely related?
How do we know
Rabbit
How classification schema show these
relationships:
Lion
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Panthera
P. leo
Leopard
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Panthera
P. pardus
Rabbit
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Lagamorpha
Leporidae
Oryctolagus
O. cuniculus
How to remember the levels
• Kingdom - (animal, Plant, Fungus, Archaea)
Kinky
• Phyum ( chordate/non-chordate)
»
• Class • Order • Family -
• Genus –
• Species –
Presidents
does it have a backbone?
Can aves, reptilia)
(mammal,
(carnivore,
Oftenrodentia, ungulate, Primate)
(felidae [cats], canidae [dogs],
Find hominidae [humans]
Good
(leo,
panthera, felis)
Panthera
Sex pardus (leoplard)
How many different classes are represented in this chart?
How many Orders are represented in this chart?
Is a catbird more like a chicken or a lion?
How do you know from the classification chart?
What kind of animal is a catbird – how do you know from the chart?
5- Kingdoms
• Plantae – Can produce their own food from sun and
carbon dioxide. Cells have cell walls for support
• Animal – take in food and nutrients from other
sources. No cell walls – animals have bones for
support
• Fungus – obtain food through decomposing other
organic material
• Bacteria – Single cell or unicellular. - No nucleus
• Protists – single cell organisms – some are animallike, some plant-like, some fungus-like
What does this cladogram show about the relationship of the
5 animals?
Which Kingdom?
• Make their own food
• Unicellular
• Decomposers
3 Domains
• Eukaryotes – organisms with cells with a nucleus to hold DNA
• We are eukaryotes as are plants
• Prokaryotes – have no nucleus – DNA is free floating
• Bacteria are prokaryotes
• Archeae – Similar to prokaryotes – recently put it their own
domain