Measures
In total 12 constructs are employed in the study, and some of them are constructed based on the pilot study
– focus group interviews.
Construct
Scale Items
Citation
1
Less Competence
SDT, Pilot Study
2
Less Autonomy
SDT, Pilot Study
3
Weak Sense of Belongings (Relatedness)
SDT, Pilot Study
4
Less Self-Determined Motivation (Amotivation, maybe?)
SDT
5
Negative Attitude toward a behavior
TPB, Pilot Study
6
Negative Subjective Norm
TPB
7
Negative Perceived Behavioral Control
TPB
8
Unwillingness to Contributing to CPR
TPB
9
Under-Contributing in CPR
TPB
10
e-Mavenism
Feick & Linda (1987)
11
Past Behavior (Experience) with CPR contribution
Huang, S. S., & Hsu, C. H.
(2009)
12
Online Transactional Self-Efficacy
Kim & Kim (2011)
Appendix – ‘Market Maven’ scale
Reference:
Feick, L. F., & Price, L. L. (1987). The market maven: A diffuser of marketplace information. The Journal of
Marketing, 83-97.
Appendix – ‘Market Maven’ scale
Reference:
Vazifehdoost, H., Akbari, M., & Charsted, P. (2012). The Role of Psychological Traits in Market Mavensim Using
Big Five Model. International Journal of Management and Business Research, 2(3), 243-252.
Appendix – ‘Past Experience’ scale
Reference:
Huang, S. S., & Hsu, C. H. (2009). Effects of travel motivation, past experience, perceived constraint, and attitude
on revisit intention. Journal of Travel Research.
In this study, past travel experience was operationalized as 2 separate constructs, namely past visitation and overall
satisfaction o f past experience. Past visitation was measured by asking respondents how many times they had visited Hong
Kong (see Appendix 1A, Section VI).
Satisfaction is an important concept that has attracted the attention o f many researchers. It has usually been measured directly
by a single-item scale ranging from “very unsatisfied” to “very satisfied” (Cronin & Taylor, 1992). However, Baker and Crompton
(2000) argued that a multi-item scale for measuring satisfaction might be more effective. In their study to evaluate the
relationships among quality, satisfaction, and behavioral intention, Baker and Crompton (2000) adopted a 4-item, 9-point
semantic differential scale to measure overall satisfaction. The 4 sets o f bi-polar terms were dissatisfied/satisfied,
displeased/pleased, unfavorable/favorable, and negative/positive.
Thus, a revised version o f the scale developed by Tomas et al. (2002) was adopted to measure overall satisfaction on past
experience. A 7-point Likert-type scale, instead o f a semantic differential format scale, was used. Respondents were asked to
evaluate past visitation to Hong Kong by indicating the degree o f agreement on 4 statements.
Appendix – ‘Online Transactional Self-efficacy’ scale
Reference:
Kim, Y. H., & Kim, D. J. (2011). Does Self-Efficacy Matter?: Examining Online Transaction Self-Efficacy and
General Self-Efficacy in B2C E-Commerce.
The scale of online transactional self-efficacy is measured by four items from the previous
study (Kim & Kim, 2005):
(1) I am confident that I can obtain relevant information through online sources (e.g., online
discussion groups, reputation sites, etc.) on the web vendors from whom I am planning to
make online purchases, (2) I am confident that I am usually able to purchase exactly the item
that I want from web vendors, (3) I am confident that in case my order does not come through
in a satisfactory manner, I am able to take care of the problem(s) on my own, and (4) I am
confident that I am able to find a trustworthy web vendor based on ratings (e.g., the number of
the stars or the smiley faces) provided by other consumers.
Appendix – ‘Facebook Activities’ Survey Questions
Reference:
Retrieved in http://blog.reyjunco.com/facebook-frequency-of-use-and-activities-survey-questions
Appendix – ‘Three Basic Needs Scales’ Survey Questions
Appendix – ‘Amotivation’ scale
Ratelle, C. F., Guay, F., Vallerand, R. J., Larose, S., & Senécal, C. (2007). Autonomous, controlled, and
amotivated types of academic motivation: A person-oriented analysis. Journal of Educational
Psychology, 99(4), 734.