Chapter 13: The
Rise of Mass
Democracy
1824-1840

The “Corrupt Bargain” of 1824

Who were the four candidates of the 1824 election and what was their
party affiliation?

John C Calhoun was running for vice president under which two
candidates?

Who won many of the popular votes but not the majority in the electoral
college?

With the electoral college deadlock, who had to determine the next
president?

Clay was the bottom candidate for president but what role did he play in
the decision making process?

Describe Jackson and Clay’s relationship.

Describe Jackson and Adam’s relationship.

Who was elected president in 1825?

Who received the position of secretary of state?

Who considered this a “corrupt bargain”?

Even if the bargain wasn’t corrupt, why was this significant?


A Yankee Misfit in the White House

Describe John Quincy Adams.

JQA was the first “minority president.” Why is this significant?

Why did Adams supporters want him to strike a few more bargains?

Adams was a confirmed nationalist, what did he call for in his annual message?

How did the public respond to his nationalist message?

How did Adams deal with the Native Americans?
Going “Whole Hog” for Jackson in 1828

When did the presidential campaign for Jackson begin?

Describe the two Republican parties.

How was Jackson portrayed throughout his campaign and how accurate was this
portrayal?

How did Adam’s backers respond to Jackson’s campaign?

What rumors did Jackson spread about Adams?

Who supported Jackson in 1828 and who supported Adams?

Who won the election of 1828?


Old Hickory as President

Describe Andrew Jackson.

Describe Andrew Jackson’s upbringing.

Why could Jackson be considered unique.

Why did the masses come to Washington after Jackson was elected?

What happened at the white house after Jackson was elected?

How did conservatives feel about Jackson and the masses in Washington?
The Spoils System

Define the spoils system.

How did Jackson defend the spoils system?

Washington did need new blood, but why was the spoils system
problematic?

Describe the scandals involved with the spoils system.

Even though the spoils system was corrupt, explain why it was important.


The Tricky “Tariff of Abominations”

Why were tariffs a “big headache” for presidents to deal with?

Who supported the tariffs?

Why did Jackson support a high tariff in 1828?

How did the South respond to the tariff of 1828?

What were the deeper issues around the southern outcry?

What was happening to the institution of slavery?

What was the South Carolina Exposition, who wrote it and why was it significant?
“Nullies” in South Carolina

What was the goal of the nullies?

Describe the tariff of 1832 and how did the south feel about it?

How did the election of 1832 in South Carolina affect the nullies?

The convention called the tariff null and void within South Carolina, but what else did the delegates
threaten to do?

How did Andrew Jackson respond to the nullies in South Carolina?

What role did Henry Clay play in the nullification issue?

What was the Force Bill and why was it significant?

How did the Columbia Convention respond to the compromise and the Force Bill?
 The Trail of Tears

In the 1790s, how did the US government respond to Native
Americans?

What was The Society for Propagating the Gospel Among Indians?

Why did congress appropriate 20k for Native education?

How did The Cherokees of Georgia respond to assimilation?

Who were the members of the “five civilized tribes”?

How did the Georgia legislature respond to the Cherokee tribe in 1828?

The Supreme Court sided with The Cherokees three times, but how did
Jackson respond?

What was Jackson’s plan for the remaining Eastern tribes?

Describe the Indian Removal Act.

Describe the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

How did the Fox and Sauk tribes respond to the Removal Act?

How did the Seminole tribe respond to the Removal Act?


The Bank War

Jackson didn’t like the Bank of the United States, why?

What powers did the Bank of the United States hold?

Why did many consider Biddle’s power unconstitutional?

Why didn’t people of the West like the Bank of the US?

Why did Clay try to push through a Bank recharter four years early?

How did Jackson respond to Clay’s recharter and why is this significant?

How did Jackson’s decision amplify the power of the president?
“Old Hickory” Wallops Clay in 1832

Who were the candidates of the election of 1832?

What were the Anti-Masonic party’s beliefs?

How did the Anti-Masonic party come about?

What were some other novel features of the election of 1832?

What advantages did Henry Clay have over Jackson?

Who won the election of 1832?
 Burying Biddle’s Bank

Why did Jackson want to bury the Bank of the US and how did he go
about this?

How did Jackson’s advisors feel about his plan?

How did Biddle respond to Jackson’s plan?

How did the economy respond to the death of the Bank of the US?

What were “pet banks” and “wild cat banks”

What was the Specie Circular and how did it impact the economy?
 The Birth of the Whigs

Why did the new party decide to call themselves Whigs?

What was the cement of the Whig party?

Who were the prominent members of the Whigs?

Who joined the Whig party?

What did the Whig party support in relation to government programs?

How did the Whigs portray Jackson?
 The Election of 1836
 Who was Jackson’s choice for President.
 What was the Whig’s strategy during the election of 1836?
 Who was the Whig’s favorite son?
 Who won the election of 1836?
 Big Woes for the “Little Magician”
 Describe Martin Van Buren.
 Why did Van Buren receive the resentment of many Democrats?
 How did Van Buren respond to a rebellion in Canada in 1837?
 What other issues did Van Buren inherit from Jackson?


Depression Doldrums and the Independent Treasury

What was the cause of the financial panic of 1837?

Beyond speculation, what else caused the crash?

How did global financial issues affect America?

What were some of the effects of the crash?

How did Whigs respond to the crash?

How did Van Buren respond to the crash?

Describe the “Divorce Bill”.

How did the rest of America respond to the “Divorce Bill”?

Describe the Independent Treasury Bill of 1840 and it’s significance.
Gone to Texas

Why did the new regime in Mexico City grant Austin land in Texas?

How did Texas settlers respond to Mexico City’s requests?

Describe the settlers of Texas.

Describe some of the prominent Texas settlers.

Why was slavery an issue in Texas?

What happened when Austin went to Mexico City?


The Long Star Rebellion

When did Texans declare their independence and who was their leader?

How did Mexico respond?

Describe the Alamo and its significance.

How did Houston defeat Santa Anna’s troops?

What terms were “agreed” upon by Santa Anna?

Jackson recognized the Lone Star Republic but didn’t accept them into the Union. Why?
Log Cabins and Hard Cider of 1840

Who was the Democratic candidate and who was the Whig candidate of the election of 1840?

Describe William Henry Harrison and why did he make a good candidate?

Describe the Whigs campaign.

Why were the log cabin and hard cider symbols significant?

Harrison was not raised in a log cabin, describe his upbringing.

Who won the election of 1840?

What was the real issue of the election of 1840 and how did each party plan on responding?
 Politics for the People

Why was “democracy” a major change since the Era of Good
Feelings?

How did candidates have to portray themselves to gain the popular
vote?

How did the upper class feel about this change and did this lead to any
changes?
 The Two-Party System

How was a durable two-party system a dramatic change?

How does Jeffersonian Republicanism relate to both the Democrats
and the Whigs?

In what did the Jacksonian Democrats believe?

In what did the Whigs believe?

What did the two parties have in common?

How did social and geographic diversity affect both parties?