Chapter 6.1, 6.3
The Periodic Table
Day One
Thursday October 27th
ORGANIZATION OF THE ELEMENTS
The Elements
• As scientists learned more about the
elements, they organized them in different
ways…think about how a grocery store is
organized.
– Organized by the properties of the elements
• So who came up with this wonderful Periodic
Table of Elements?
Antoine Lavoisier
• Made a list of all of the known elements at the
time of the late 1700s.
• Industrial Revolution played a major role in the
advancement of chemistry.
• Once we started using the same method for
determining atomic mass, scientists could begin
trying to understand the relationships among the
elements.
Organizing Elements Activity
• How did you arrange the elements?
– Trends in color (periods and groups)
– Trends for mass (periods and groups)
– Where would you put Fuchsia gas? Range for the
mass?
– Properties for the element that would fill the last
remaining gap in the table?
Xn
Ad
Bp
Rx
Tu
Qa
Pd
Lq
Cx
Ax
The wavelength decreases across the period and color
becomes lighter down the group.
The mass increases across the period and down the group.
Cx does not fit the period trend for mass, but it fits in the
third column with other green brittle solids.
Ph would fit in the third period, first column based on
color and stated trends. The mass would be between
99-106g.
The remaining gap would be a yellow-colored liquid with a
mass most likely between
70g-82g.
John Newlands
1865: English Chemist
• Arranged the known elements according to
properties and in order of increasing atomic
mass
• He noticed that all elements in a given row
had similar properties and this pattern
repeated every eight elements (Law of
Octaves)
– Patterns like this occur periodically (periodic table)
Dmitri Mendeleev
1869: Russian Chemist
• Invented the first Periodic Table (my hero!)
• Organized the 63 known elements according to their
properties and predicted elements not yet known to
exist.
• Periodic Law: repeating physical and chemical
properties change periodically with their atomic #
• Two interesting things came from this:
1. Gaps
2. Elements did not necessarily fit according to atomic mass
Mayer
• Worked at the same time as Mendeleev, but
didn’t get his work published quick enough to
get credit for it.
• Demonstrated connection with element
properties and atomic mass.
Henry Mosley
• Discovered the problems with Mendeleev’s
arrangement of the periodic table.
• Discovered that atoms contain a unique # of
protons called the atomic #.
• Rearranged the elements in order of atomic #
-which gave way to periodic patterns of the
properties.
The Periodic Table
• Organized in rows and columns
– Rows = PERIODS
– Columns = (GROUPS or FAMILIES)
• Each box is for all of the information for a single
element.
– Contains the name, symbol, atomic #, and atomic mass.
• Elements in groups 1,2, and 13-18 have a much larger
range of chemical/physical properties. They often get
called main group or representative elements.
• Groups 3-12 are referred to as transition elements.
• www.learn360.com
– Power of the Periodic Table
Page 49
Name of Group
Alkali
Alkaline Earth
Halogen
Noble
Transition
Location on the
Periodic Table
Main Characteristics
Day Four
Tuesday November 4th
FAMILIES DISCUSSION
METAL/NONMETAL & ELECTRON
CONFIGURATION NOTES
Discussion of Families Lab
• Let’s look at Mg, Ca, Ba.
– What family are they in?
– Do you notice any trends with reacting with
chemicals?
• Let’s look at Cl, Br, I.
– What family are they in?
– Do you notice any trends with reacting with
chemicals?
Based on what we observed, which pairs of elements
would you expect to behave similarly?
Scandium and
Lawrencium
Potassium and
Hydrogen
Neon and Krypton
Actinium and
Thorium
Rhodium and Silver
Neon and Carbon
Selenium and Polonium
Germanium and Lead
Characteristics of Metals/ Nonmetals
• Conducts electricity
• Malleable (bends
without breaking)
• Reacts with Acid
• Doesn’t conduct
• Brittle
• Doesn’t react with acid
Where are they
located?
BAtMAN!!!!!
Day Five
Wednesday November 5th
METAL/NONMETAL LAB
M/NM & FAMILIES LAB W-UP
Recording Data for Metal/Nonmetal
Lab
.
1. ( ) shiny
2. (
) dull
3. (-) malleable
4. ( +) reacts with acid
Conductivity
4. ( ) bright light
5. ( ) dim light
6. (X) no light
Day Nine and Ten
Tuesday November 11th and Wednesday
November 12th
POSTER ON ELEMENTS