UNIT 5
Pathology, Otorhinolaryngology, and
Prefixes dys-, brady-, tachy- poly-, syn-
“C” Rule of Pronunciation
When followed by o, u, a, or a consonant,
“c” is pronounced with a “k” sound:
coat, cut, cake, cluck
When followed by i, e, or y, “c” is
pronounced with a soft “c” or “s” sound:
city, cereal, cycle
“C” Rule of Pronunciation
Hard “c” words:
colon
cardiac
cocci
coccus
chlamydia
candida
Soft “c” words:
cystocele
bacilli
cerebral
encephalitis
cyanosis
cystectomy
Disease-producing microorganisms
cocci
bacilli
viruses
other pathogens
curved rods
Cocci:
spherically shaped bacteria
Cocci growing in pairs =
dipl/o/cocci
Cocci growing in twisted chains =
strept/o/cocci (Streptococcus pyogenes)
Cocci growing in clusters =
staphyl/o/cocci (Staphylococus aureus)
Bacilli:
rod-shaped bacteria
Rod-shaped bacteria growing in pairs =
dipl/o/bacilli
Rod-shaped bacteria growing in twisted
chains =
strept/o/bacilli
Singular/Plural
Bacterium = singular form
Bacteria = plural form
Coccus = singular form
Cocci = plural form
Bacillus = singular form
Bacilli = plural form
Staphyl/o
Greek for “a cluster of grapes”
Also refers to the palatine uvula
The “hangy-down”
thing in the back
of the mouth.
Py/o
The combining form used for words
involving pus
a liquid inflammation product made up of
cells (leukocytes), a thin fluid, and cellular
debris
-rrhea
a suffix meaning flow or discharge:
diarrhea
pyorrhea
otorrhea
rhinorrhea
Ot/o
Greek word root meaning ear
Tympan/o
Greek word root meaning eardrum
Prefixes:
aanbradydystachy-
not, lack of (before a consonant)
not, lack of (before a vowel)
abnormally slow
difficult, abnormal, poor, painful
abnormally fast
Audi/o
combining form for hearing
Phon/o
combining form for voice or vocal sounds
Phas/o
combining form for speech
Rhin/o
from the Greek word meaning nose-horn
Lith/o
the combining form for calculus or stone
Chol/e
the combining form for gall or bile
Pne/o
from the Greek word for breath
-pnea
a suffix meaning breathing
Peps/o
from the Greek word for digestion
More prefixes:
hyperhypomicromacrosynpropoly-
more than or above
less than or below
small
large
with or together
before
too much or too many
Sound made by “c” followed
by an “o”
A.
B.
C.
D.
s
k
j
x
Sound made by “c” followed
by an “i”
A.
B.
C.
D.
s
k
j
x
Plural for round-shaped
bacteria
A.
B.
C.
D.
bacilli
bacillus
coccus
cocci
Prefix for double
A.
B.
C.
D.
tridiplodaploex-
Combining form for twisted
chains
A.
B.
C.
D.
strep
strepto
stretp
strept
Combining form for uvula
A.
B.
C.
D.
staphylo
strepto
vulvo
uvul
Suffix for flow or discharge
A.
B.
C.
D.
-itis
-rrhagia
-pnea
-rrhea
Combining form for ear
A.
B.
C.
D.
audio
tympano
oto
oculo
Suffix for surgical repair
A.
B.
C.
D.
-acopy
-tomy
-ectomy
-plasty
Combining form for bile (gall)
A.
B.
C.
D.
chole
calcul
lith
bil
Singular for rod-shaped
bacteria
A.
B.
C.
D.
bacilla
bacillus
coccus
bacterium
Combining form for pus
A.
B.
C.
D.
genic
gen/o
staphyl/o
py/o
Word root for nose
A.
B.
C.
D.
ot
rhin
nas/o
lith
Suffix meaning infestation
A.
B.
C.
D.
-iasis
-pathy
-lith
-oid
Suffix for breathing
A.
B.
C.
D.
-pne
-pneo
-pnea
-pepsia
Combining form for heat
A.
B.
C.
D.
tempero
thermal
thermo
Fahrenheit
Prefix for small
A.
B.
C.
D.
incromacromicrohypo-
Prefix for large
A.
B.
C.
D.
macromegalymicropoly-
Prefix for join together
A.
B.
C.
D.
interintraosissyn-
Suffix for thirst
A.
B.
C.
D.
-hydro
-dipsia
-mania
-poly
Word root for finger or toe
(digits)
A.
B.
C.
D.
acro
dactyl
digit
phalang
Prefix for many or much
A.
B.
C.
D.
polyolighypersub-