TOPIC: Nervous System
Aim: Use textual evidence to describe the two divisions
of the nervous system.
Do Now: Take out your nervous system reading notes.
Complete #’s 1 – 10 on the back of yesterday’s
respiratory system review sheet.
HW: Gas Exchange ISN
1.
Identify
the 2
parts
of the
nervous
system
2.
Identify
the
structure
s that
make up
the
Central
Nervous
System.
3.
• Coordinates all body
Describe
activities
the
function
of the
brain.
DID YOU KNOW?
There are about 3 million miles of
axons in the human brain. The
human brain has 100 trillion
synaptic connections.
4.
• Skull (cranium)
Identify
the
structure
that
protects
the brain.
5.
Identify
the three
major
parts of
the brain.
6. Identify
the type of
impulses
interpreted
by the
cerebrum.
• Impulses from your
senses
7. Identify
the major
activity
that takes
place in
the
cerebrum.
• Where MEMORY is
stored
• Where movements are
controlled
(voluntary movements)
MEMORY, THINKING AND REASONING
8. Identify
the types of
impulses
interpreted
by the
cerebellum.
• From eyes and ears,
muscles and tendons
9. Identify
the major
activity that
takes place
in the
cerebellum.
• Coordinates voluntary muscle
movements
• Maintains muscle tone
• Helps maintain balance
• BALANCE AND
COORDINATION
• Base of the brain
10.
Describe
• Extends from cerebrum and
the location connects brain to the spinal cord.
of the brain
stem.
11. Identify • Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
the
structures
that make
up the brain
stem.
• Activity within the PONS is
important for the rapid-eye
movements of REM sleep
(one of the 5 stages of sleep
and usually makes up 90-120
minutes of an adult’s sleep)
and may be important for
turning REM sleep on and off.
• Functions of the MIDBRAIN
include controlling responses
to sight, eye Movement, pupil
dilation, hearing and body
movement
• Controls INVOLUNTARY actions
12.
such as heartbeat, breathing, and
Describe
the function blood pressure.
of the
medulla
oblongata.
Large doses of
morphine, cocaine,
or amphetamines
also can severely
disrupt activity in the
medulla, possibly
causing death by
interrupting breathing
or the beating of the
heart.
Did you know…
• The human brain alone consists of about a
100 billion neurons. If all these neurons
were to be lined up, it would form a 600
mile long line.
• As we get older, the brain loses almost one
gram per year.
• In humans, the right side of the brain
controls the left side of the body, while the
left side of the brain controls the right side.
Did you know…
• An average adult male brain weighs about
1375 grams. An average adult female
brain is about 1275 grams.
• Only four percent of the brain's cells work
while the remaining cells are kept in
reserve.
• Carries impulses from all parts
13.
from all parts of the body to the
Describe
the function brain and spinal cord.
of the
spinal cord
14. Identify
the
structures
that protect
the spinal
cord.
• Column of vertebrae
Did you know…
• There are about 13, 500,00 neurons in the
human spinal cord.
• Damage to the spinal cord can cause paralysis.
• Injuries below the neck can cause paraplegia
(paralysis below the waist) while injuries to
the neck can cause quadriplegia (paralysis
below the neck.)
• 52% of spinal cord injured (SCI) individuals
are considered paraplegic and 47%
quadriplegic.
15. Identify • Nerves outside the CNS.
the
structures
that make
up the
peripheral
nervous
system.
• Connects the brain and spinal cord
16.
to other body parts.
Describe
the function
of the
peripheral
nervous
system.
17. Identify • Cranial nerves
the two
• Spinal nerves
types of
nerves that
make up
the
peripheral
nervous
system.
• Somatic: controls voluntary
18.
actions (skeletal muscles)
Describe
the 2
• Autonomic: controls involuntary
actions
divisions of
the
peripheral
nervous
system.
TYPES OF NEURONS
Illustration in the text of how the sound of a
breaking window might startle you and cause
you to drop a glass of water.
1.
a.
b.
c.
Identify the following:
Stimulus: Sound of breaking glass
Receptor: Ears
Effector: Muscles in hand
2. Identify
the type of
neurons
that carry
the
impulses
from the
receptor to
the brain.
• Sensory neurons
3. Identify
the neurons
in your
brain that
received
the impulse
from the
sensory
neurons.
• Interneurons
4. Identify
the neurons
that carry
the impulse
to the
muscles
(effector).
• Motor neurons
5. Identify
the neurons
that
connect
sensory
and motor
neurons.
• Interneurons
Conclusion Questions
1. Which
types of
neurons are
found in the
CNS?
• Interneurons
2. Which
types of
neurons are
found in the
PNS?
• Sensory and Motor
neurons
a. List the sequence of structures the impulse passes
through in a reflex arc starting at the receptor and
ending at the effector.
receptor  sensory neurons  interneurons  motor neurons  effector
b. Where are the interneurons located?
ONLY IN THE SPINAL CORD
c. Reflexes are much faster than regular responses.
Give an explanation by using the structure of a reflex arc
to help you.
In a reflex the impulse travels only to the spinal
cord …NOT TO THE BRAIN!!!
• http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/flash/
comic.html
PNS
SPINAL CNS
CORD
PNS
Review:
1. Explain the difference between the CNS and the
PNS.
2. What kind of neurons makeup the CNS?
3. What kind of neurons makeup the PNS?
4. Describe the function each type of neuron.
5. Identify the part of the brain being described:
a. Controls heart rate
b. Controls memory
c. Controls thinking
d. Regulates balance
e. Regulates breathing rate
f. Controls balance
6. Why is the path of an impulse in a reflex arc
faster than the path of an impulse for a regular
response?
7. Identify the path of an impulse in a reflex arc.
Review: Identify the type of neurons described.
1. Carry impulse from receptors to the CNS
system.
2. Carry impulses to the effectors.
3. Only found in the brain and spinal cord.
4. Carry impulses away from sense organs.
5. Connects sensory and motor neurons.
Receives info from skin
Receives info
from eyes
Important for memory,
receives info from ears
Reasoning,
planning,
speech,
movement,
emotions,
problem
solving
Receives impulses from
skin
Receives
impulses from
eyes
Important for memory,
receives impulses from
ears
Reasoning,
planning,
speech,
movement,
emotions,
problem
solving
http://www.brainpop.com/health/personalhea
lth/dreams/