Review of Yesterday
Egyptian Dynasties
• Dynasty – a series of rulers from the same family
or ethnic group
• Egypt had 31 dynasties
• Old Kingdom – Dynasties 3-6
2686-2181 BCE
• Middle Kingdom – Dynasty 12
1991-1786 BCE
• New Kingdom – Dynasties 18-20 1567-1085 BCE
**These kingdoms are TIME PERIODS (not places)
The gaps between the dynasties were times of wars,
invasions and weak rulers.
•
•
Protected from invaders, the villages
of Egypt grew. Wealthy farmers
emerged as village leaders, and
strong leaders gained control over
several villages.
By 3200 B.C., the villages had banded
together and developed into two
kingdoms. One was called Lower
Egypt and the other was called Upper
KING UNIFIED EGYPT
Egypt.
• Around 3100 BC Menes, the king of
Upper Egypt, invaded Lower Egypt.
He married a princess there in
order to unite the two kingdoms
under his rule.
• Menes was the first pharaoh, the
title used by the rulers of Egypt,
which literally means ruler of a
“great house.” He also started the
first Egyptian dynasty.
• He built a new capital city,
Memphis, which became a popular
cultural center. His dynasty ruled for
nearly 200 years.
• Artifact Analysis
1. What do you find
interesting about
this image?
2. What do you find
puzzling about his
image?
1. Wears symbols of
Egyptian kingship
2. Falcon represents
Horus, god of
kingship
3. Reed plants
symbolize Lower
Egypt (Nile Delta)
4. Royal sandal
bearer carries
Namer’s shoes
Pharaohs
• Pharaohs –
absolute power
over their people
• What the
pharaoh said
became law
• Viewed as godkings
What
comparisons or
contrasts can
you make
between
Pharaohs and
Hammurabi?
The Three Kingdoms
Old Kingdom
• Kept peace and traded with Nubia
• Merchants were sent to the
Mediterranean coast to find trees for
building (Light bulbs should be going off right now!!)
The Great Step Pyramid of Djoser
King Djoser was one of
the outstanding kings
of Egypt
• Built during the
3rd Dynasty
• World’s first
pyramid
Map It Out
Three
Kingdoms
The Three Kingdoms
Middle Kingdom
• Early rulers
reunited the
country
• No war? Build!!
• Grew richer
• Pharaohs buried
in hidden tombs
Map It Out
Three
Kingdoms
The Three Kingdoms
New Kingdom
• Foreign invaders
driven out by
Egyptian Princes
• Pharaohs to build
empire
• Unbeatable armies
• King Tutankhamen
Rule During the New Kingdom
The Pharaoh Queen - Hatshepsut
Reign was good for Egypt
Bold leader who brought peace,
and economic success
Would not give up the throne
when son became of age. He
Became pharaoh when she died.
Rule During the New Kingdom
Thutmose III finally rules Egypt 1485 BCE
• After Hatshepsut died, Thutmose became one
of the greatest pharaohs of the New Kingdom
• Lead armies to war – a conqueror
• Educated and was a botanist
• Unlike most rulers of his time, he
was merciful to those he defeated
Temple of Karnak
Map It Out
Three
Kingdoms
Life After the New Kingdom
• Alexander the
Great
conquered
Egypt 332 BCE
• Macedonia
ruled for the
next 300 years
Queen Cleopatra
• Co-regent to her two
brothers
• Educated, cunning
• Fled to Syria to plan a
takeover
• Conquered by the
Roman Empire
Map It Out
Three
Kingdoms