Chapter 4
 This
river has been
the 1)lifeline of
civilization in Egypt
since the 2)Stone
Age.
 3)Climate change at
the end of the most
recent 4)ice age led
to the formation of
the 5)Sahara desert

The Ancient
6)Egyptians cultivated
and traded:
• 7) Wheat
• 8) Flax
Wheat was a crucial
crop in the 9)Middle
East.
 Their 10)trading
system secured Egypt's
11)diplomatic
relationships with other
countries.
 It helped to create
economic 12)stability.

 The
13)Greek
historian Herodotus
wrote that "Egypt was
the 14)gift of the
Nile".
 It provided a
15)crucial role in the
development of
Egyptian
16)civilization.




The Nile was an important
part of ancient Egyptian
17)spiritual life.
The Nile was considered to
be a 18)passageway from
life to death and the
19)afterlife.
The 20)east was thought of
as a place of 21)birth and
growth.
The 22)west was
considered the place of
23)death.
 Your Topic
 Fill
is The Nile
in all 6 bubbles
 Make
sure to use 4 or
less words or pictures
 BrainPop-Pharaohs
 24)Upper
and 25)Lower
Egypt were ruled by
different kings from its birth
to around 26)3100 B.C..
 In this year 27)Menes came
to power in Upper
28)Egypt.
 He was able to 29)combine
both upper and lower Egypt
into one 30)nation by using
his 31) army to complete
unification.
He then took a
32)princess from
lower Egypt as his
wife.
 During his rule he
wore both the 33)white
crown (upper) and
34)red crown (lower).
 This later was
combined into a
35)double crown.

 Menes
became the
First 36)Pharaoh of
Egypt
 The word Pharaoh
means “37)Great
House”
 The Menes 38)family
would rule after his
death creating the first
39)dynasty of Egypt.
 Menes
Created his
40)capital city at
Memphis on the
southern tip of the
41)Nile Delta.
 This 42)first Dynasty
lasted for about 43)200
years.
 Your Topic
 Fill
is Menes
in all 6 bubbles
 Make
sure to use 4 or
less words or pictures
 King Menes
 This
time included the
44)3rd through 45)6th
dynasties. (2700 BC2200BC)
 46)Pharaohs duties grew
during this period.
 He hired 47)people to help
him complete his
48)duties.
 Most of these people came
from his 49)family.
50)Khufu was the most
famous of the 51)Pharaohs
from the Old Kingdom.
 He 52)reigned from 2589
to 2566 BC.
 He was the 53)second
pharaoh of the 54)Fourth
Dynasty.
 He is generally accepted
as being the builder of the
55)Great Pyramid of
Giza.

 Your Topic
is The Old
Kingdom
 Fill
in all 6 bubbles
 Make
sure to use 4 or
less words or pictures
The Great Pyramid of
56)Giza is the oldest
and largest of the three
pyramids in the Giza
57)Necropolis
 It is the oldest of the
58)Seven Wonders of
the Ancient World.
 59)Egyptologists
believe that the
pyramid was built as a
tomb for Egyptian
Pharaoh 60)Khufu.

 It
was the 61)tallest
man-made structure
in the world for over
62)3,800 years,
 It 63)believed that
the pyramid was built
by moving huge
64)stones from a
quarry and dragging
and 65)lifting them
into place.
 Your Topic
is Pyramid
of Giza
 Fill
in all 6 bubbles
 Make
sure to use 4 or
less words or pictures
 BrainPop-Seven
Wonders
 Egyptian’s
practiced
66)Polytheism
(many gods)
 They built
67)temples to the
Gods all over Egypt.
 There were over
68)2,000 names of
gods in Ancient
Egypt.
 Some
69)images of
gods and goddesses
show them with a
70)human body and
the head of a 71)bird
or an animal.
 72)Animals were
chosen to represent
the 73)powers of the
god.
 Their
74)religion is
focused on the
75)afterlife.
 Considered to be a
“76)happy place.”
 This focused on the
“77)Ka” or life force.
 Upon death the Ka
left the 78)body.
 This
79)spirit however
could not leave the
80)burial site.
 The Ka has the same
81)needs as the person
did in 82)life.
83)Tombs were filled with
what they considered
84)necessary for the Ka
to live its 85)afterlife.
 Some of the objects
included:

• 86)Furniture
• 87)Clothing
• 88)Tools
• 89)Jewelry
• 90)Weapons
 The
91)family of the
dead were expected
to bring 92)food and
93)drink to the tomb
so the Ka would not
be 94)hungry or
95)thirsty.
 The
96)journey to
the afterlife was
thought to be
97)difficult trip.
 Families would bury
98)maps and other
things necessary to
make the 99)journey.
 Your Topic
is
Egyptian Afterlife
 Fill
in all 6 bubbles
 Make
sure to use 4 or
less words or pictures
 Egyptians
100)belief
that the body needed
to be 101)preserved
to avoid decay lead to
102)embalming and
103)mummification.
 Only 104)royalty and
other members of the
elite could 105)afford
this process.
The
106)mummification
process has two stages.
 The first one is called
107)embalming.

• This process cleans the
body for the wrapping

The second stage is
108)wrapping
• This part has a number
of special steps, that
must be followed.
 Your Topic
is Burial
Practices
 Fill
in all 6 bubbles
 Make
sure to use 4 or
less words or pictures

Step 1: The body is washed with
109) palm wine.

Step 2: The body is rinsed with
water from the 110)Nile.

Step 3: A small 111)cut is made in
the left side of the body.

Step 4: The internal organs are
removed:
• 112)Liver
• 113)Lungs
• 114)Small intestines
• 115)large intestines


Step 5: The 116)brains
are removed. A long
117)hook inserted
through the nose will
pull the brains 118)out.
Step 6: The 119)body
is covered and stuffed
with 120)natron. This is
known as the
121)drying stage.
 Step
7: Wait 122)forty
days for the body to dry.
 Step
8: The 123)body is
washed with water from
the Nile.
 Step
9: The body is
covered with 124)sweet
smelling oils.

Step 10: The body is
125)stuffed with dry things,
such as:
• 126)Sawdust
• 127)Leaves
• 128)Cloth


Step 11: The body is
covered with more 129)oils.
Step 12: The internal
130)organs are put into the
131)canopic jars.
 Your Topic
is
Embalming
 Fill
in all 6 bubbles
 Make
sure to use 4 or
less words or pictures

Step 1: The head and
132)neck are wrapped.

Step 2: The 133)fingers
and toes are wrapped.

Step 3: The 134)arms
and legs are wrapped.

Step 4: The sacred
135)amulets are
placed
• 136)The Isis knot
• 137)The Plummet

Step 5: The 138)spells from
the book of the dead are read.

Step 6: The arms and legs are
139)tied together.



Step 7: A 140)scroll is placed
between the hands of the
deceased.
Step 8: The full 141)body is
wrapped.
Step 9: The body is
142)painted with liquid resin
as glue.



Step 10: A cloth with
143)Osiris painted on it is
wrapped around the body.
Step 11: A large 144)cloth is
wrapped around the body.
Step 12: 145)Linen stripes
are wrapped around the
body to hold the cloth in
place.

Step 13: The mummy is put
in the first 146)coffin.

Step 14: The 147)mummy is
put in the second coffin.




Step 15: The 148)funeral is
held.
Step 16: The opening of the
149)mouth ceremony is
performed.
Step 17: The mummy is put
in the 150)sarcophagus.
Step 18: The mummy is put
in its 151)final resting place,
the 152)tomb.
 Your Topic
is
Wrapping
 Fill
in all 6 bubbles
 Make
sure to use 4 or
less words or pictures
 BrainPop-Mummies
 Around
2050 BC
153)Mentuhotep II
came to power.
 This 154)began the
period known as the
155)Middle
Kingdom.
 This was a time of
156)stability for the
region.
This time period lasted
until 157)1750 BC.
 The fall of the kingdom
was due to
158)internal disorder
within the 159)nobles.
 Also a group known as
the 160)Hyksos from
Asia had invaded parts
of Egypt.

 The
Hyksos were
able to 161)capture
the lower region and
occupy it for 162)200
years.
 This 163)ended the
Middle Kingdom.
 Your Topic
is
Mentuhotep
 Fill
in all 6 bubbles
 Make
sure to use 4 or
less words or pictures
 164)Ahmose
of the
city of 165)Thebes
expelled the Hyksos
and took control of
the 166)region.
 This marks the
beginning of the
167)18th Dynasty.
 This is the time of
Egypt’s greatest
168)power.
 During
this time
169)Egyptian
leaders wanted to
avoid being
170)invaded ever
again.
 They 171)wanted to
take control of any
172)invasion route in
the region.

They 173)army of
Egypt would take
control of the following
regions:
• 174)Hyksos Homeland
• 175)Syria
• 176)Eastern shore of
the Mediterranean Sea

This made Egypt the
leading 177)military
power in the region.
 Military
178)conquest
provided Egypt with
great 179)wealth.
 180)Kings from the
conquered regions
would send items to
the 181)Pharaoh to
maintain good
relations with him.
 The
growth of the
182)empire through
military force also
opened up new
183)trade routes.
 Many regions that
were 184)unknown
to the kingdom were
now 185)part of the
empire.
186)Trade became a
major part of the
economy.
 When 187)Queen
Hatshepsut came to
power she
188)promoted trade.
 Under her 189)rule the
trading routes opened:

• 190)Red Sea
• 191)Asia Minor
• 192)Greece
 She
would use
193)money made in
the trade to support
the growth of
194)arts and
195)architecture.
 She had impressive
196)monuments and
temples built during
her 197)reign.
 Your Topic
is The
New Kingdom
 Fill
in all 6 bubbles
 Make
sure to use 4 or
less words or pictures



198)Ramses II also
known as Ramses the
Great
The 199)third Egyptian
pharaoh (reigned 1279
BC – 1213 BC) of the
200)Nineteenth dynasty
He is often regarded as
the 201)greatest, most
celebrated, and most
202)powerful pharaoh of
the Egyptian Empire.
 His
203)successors
and later Egyptians
called him the
“204)Great
Ancestor".
 He led several
205)military
expeditions that
showed off his power.
At age 206)fourteen,
he was appointed
Prince 207)Regent by
his father.
 He is believed to have
taken the 208)throne in
his late teens.
 He ruled Egypt from
1279 BC to 1213 BC for
209)66 years and 2
months.

 The
early part of his
210)reign was
focused on building:
• 211)Cities
• 212)Temples
• 213)Monuments
 He
established the
city of 214)PiRamses in the Nile
Delta
 He
215)died at just
over 90 years old.
 He had 216)outlived
many of his wives and
children and left
great
217)memorials all
over Egypt
 Your Topic
is Ramses
The Great
 Fill
in all 6 bubbles
 Make
sure to use 4 or
less words or pictures
 218)Cleopatra VII
was the last pharaoh
of 219)Ancient
Egypt.
 She was a member of
the 220)Ptolemaic
Dynasty
 Her family was of
221)Greek origin
She 222)originally
ruled jointly with her
223)father Ptolemy XII
 Later she would rule
along side her
224)brothers
 Eventually she
became 225)sole ruler.
 As pharaoh, she had a
relationship with
226)Julius Caesar

 She
was a 227)quickwitted woman who
was fluent in
228)nine languages
 She was a
229)mathematician
and a very good
businesswoman
Her 230)death
(suicide) was the mark
of the end of the
Egyptian
231)Monarchs.
 The 232)Roman
Emperors were left to
rule the region.
 Cleopatra was the last
233)Pharaoh of Egypt.
 BrainPoP-Cleopatra

 Your Topic
is
Cleopatra
 Fill
in all 6 bubbles
 Make
sure to use 4 or
less words or pictures