BACTERIA AND ARCHAEABACTERIA
Objectives:
•Identify two domains of prokaryotes.
•Describe the physical features that are used to classify
prokaryotes.
•Explain how prokaryotes reproduce.
•Describe ways that prokaryotes are helpful to humans.
Review Vocabulary
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Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm
Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)
Antibiotics
Vaccines
List the five kingdoms from least
complex to most complex
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Kingdom Monera
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
What is the only kingdom with organisms that are
prokaryotes ?
How are living things classified?
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Living things are
grouped into three
domains: Bacteria,
Archaea, and
Eukaryota.
Archaea and Bacteria
are both prokaryotes.
Eukaryota includes the
protists, fungi, plant,
and animal kingdoms.
What are the key characteristics of
Archaea and Bacteria?
Archaea
Bacteria
 Diverged from bacteria  Differ from
very early
archaea in cell
 Related to both
structure and
bacteria and
chemical makeeukaryotes.
up.
 Many live in the most
extreme environments
known as
“extremophiles.”
How can we classify bacteria
according to physical shape?
1.
Spherical: “cocci”
2.
Rod-shaped: “bacili”
3.
Spiral-shaped: “spirochetes”
What are the parts of bacteria?
How do prokaryotes reproduce?
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Binary fission: DNA copies move to the
opposite ends of the cell as the cell
splits in the middle.
Much simpler than mitosis.
Creates clones (genetically similar).
Binary fission is the key difference
between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Bacteria are able to copy themselves
every 20 minutes going from 1 cell to
68 billion cells in 12 hours.
How are prokaryotes helpful to
humans?
1.
2.
3.
Bioremediation: treatment of sewage.
ex. Pseudomonas is used to clean up oil
spills.
Creation of vitamins and antibiotics by
raising bacteria.
Chemical Recycling: breakdown of organic
waste products and dead organisms.
ex. Cyanobacteria restore oxygen in the
atmosphere through photosynthesis.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen
gas in the air to nitrogen compounds plants
can use.
Exit Slip
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1. Identify two domains of prokaryotes.
2. Identify and explain one way prokaryotes are
helpful to humans.
3. Based on your independent variables
identify and explain 2 ways that humans
defend against bacterial diseases.