媒體英文 ---工作分配
censorship
statutory controls
press freedom
freedom of the press
資料搜尋：陳佳儷(696c0007)
資料彙整：佳儷&鈺婷
上臺報告：曾鈺婷(696c0008)
On privacy, he is as opposed to press
censorship (新聞檢查) as the newspapers.
The Times says that the proposals give the
newspaper industry a 12-month deadline to
put its house in order or face tough statutory
controls (法定管制). Many papers comment
editorially that the proposals could damage
press freedom (新聞自由).
Nobody ever said the freedom of the press
(新聞自由) was a freedom that would never
be troublesome.
Introduction: censorship
censorship [uncountable]
the practice or system of censoring something
Ex) censorship of books
censorship 對新聞媒體/出版品施行之審查(制度)
Ex) The government imposed censorship on the
press. (政府對新聞媒體施行審查制度。)
Censorship is the suppression of speech or
deletion of communicative material which may
be considered objectionable, harmful or
sensitive, as determined by a censor. The
rationale for censorship is different for various
types of data censored:
•
•
•
•
•
Moral censorship
Military censorship
Political censorship
Religious censorship
Corporate censorship
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship
Reference -1
Censorship 2000
By John Perry Barlow
"The Internet treats censorship as though
it were a malfunction and routes around it."
-John Gilmore
When Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) cofounder John Gilmore stood before the Second Conference on Computers,
Privacy, and Freedom and uttered those brave words, I believed them. I'm not certain I still do. Of course, they remain true-to
the extent that cyberspace exists in an end-to-end data cloud through which any packet may travel to its address by multiple,
unfiltered routes. But increasingly, those routes are being channeled and filtered, while their origins and ends get monitored
and placed under legal constraint.
That the Internet's original absence of predetermined information circuits and central switches had political implications was,
for some of its many fathers, a feature with intended social consequences. I once asked one of them if he had simply been
thinking of designing a system that couldn't be decapitated by nuclear attack. "I can't speak for the others," he said, "but I was
thinking of a system that didn't have a head." He knew, as Mitch Kapor subsequently and succinctly put it, that "architecture is
politics."
Despite concerns over the combination of governmental zeal and cluelessness that led to the founding of EFF in 1990, I was a
strong believer in the notion that the architecture of the Internet would always resist censorial control.
But of course, any sensible person knew even then that the great Powers That Were-meaning, the dominant forces of the
industrial era-were not likely to stand idly by while their ability to control information within their areas of authority melted in the
Net-borne solvent of anarchic packets. Too much was at stake.
It is true that information is power. But, more to the point, power is information. For most of the history of humanity, the primary
method of asserting power, aside from force of arms, has been by the control of information. Of the many revolutions to be
wrought by the Internet, the most profound lies in its long-term capacity to degauss all of the local reality distortion fields the
mighty have spun among their subjects.
Now, all over the planet, the mighty have awakened to the threat the Internet poses to their traditional capacities for information
control. As a consequence, even a thin summary of the institutions currently struggling to control online information
distribution-as well as the nature of their specific immune responses-would fill a thick book. There is suddenly a global
epidemic of virtual censorship.
Reference -2
Beijing blocking ‘Cape No. 7’: GIO
By Flora Wang
STAFF REPORTER
Tuesday, Dec 02, 2008, Page 1
A Government Information Office (GIO) official said yesterday that China had postponed the opening of
the hit Taiwanese film Cape No. 7 (海角七號).
Frank Chen (陳志寬), director of the GIO’s Department of Motion Pictures, said LS Time Movie, the
company that represents Cape No. 7, received an e-mail from its Chinese counterpart on Nov. 19 saying
“[Chinese] customs and the publisher still need to negotiate some problems.”
The Chinese-language United Daily News quoted anonymous sources yesterday as saying Chinese
officials had scuttled the plan to release Cape No. 7.
Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) Chairman Chen Yunlin (陳雲林) told a
conference in Beijing on Friday that the movie was tainted by its portrayal of Taiwanese who had been
subject to “colonial brainwashing” and that traces of Japan’s kominka (assimilation) policy were evident,
the paper said.
Meanwhile, Democratic Progressive Party spokesman Cheng Wen-tsang (鄭文燦) said
would make it difficult for Chinese to learn about Taiwan’s democracy and pluralistic
society. Although Chen Yunlin had a smile on his face during his visit to Taipei, his reaction to the movie
showed his real face, Cheng said.
censorship
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2008/12/02/2003430080
Reference -3
Former Mexican interior secretary dead at 59
By MARK STEVENSON
Associated Press
2008-12-03 09:03 AM
Former Interior Secretary Carlos Abascal, an impassioned proponent of putting Christianity
back into Mexican politics, died Tuesday of stomach cancer, his conservative National
Action Party said. He was 59.
Abascal was a controversial figure in a country with strong anti-clerical traditions.
"A Christian has to transform the world, precisely because he knows how to do it," a visibly
frail Abascal said in a speech at a ceremony honoring him just a week before his death. He
called on the audience to "carry out the work of the Evangelists in politics, in the economy,
in society, always with happiness."
That kind of openly religious language from a high-ranking official had seldom been heard
in Mexico since the 1860s, when reform President Benito Juarez passed laws aimed at
breaking the economic and social domination of the church in this overwhelmingly Roman
Catholic nation.
"Thanks to that censorship, sales of the book multiplied, they jumped to 20,000 copies a
week," Fuentes said an event titled, "One thousand young people read Aura."
http://www.charlotteobserver.com/world/story/389642.html
Flickr Censorship
Flickr is an image and video hosting website, web services suite,
and online community platform. It was one of the earliest Web 2.0
applications. In addition to being a popular Web site for users to
share personal photographs, the service is widely used by bloggers
as a photo repository. Its popularity has been fueled by its
organization tools, which allow photos to be tagged and browsed by
folksonomic means. As of November 2008, it claims to host more
than 3 billion images.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flickr
以下是推廣Flickr Censorship相關短片:
http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=GKQdb-KD80o
http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=UTh0JhzWssw
Internet Censorship
Internet censorship is control or suppression of the
publishing or accessing of information on the Internet.
The legal issues are similar to offline censorship.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Censorship
以下是有關Internet Censorship的短片
http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=XPAvg6CU6sI
http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=61_O2IO42KQ
Censor-1
Censored Internet for International Media
at the Beijing Olympics
Posted 07/30/08 at 04:47:34 PM | by Pulkit Chandna
Hosting the Olympics is a matter of great pride for any country and more so for China. The Chinese
authorities want the Beijing Olympics 2008 to project their country as highly progressive; and maybe,
serve as a tawdry façade to rampant human rights abuse and gross denial of freedom. China has finally
admitted that it has made no special allowances for international media personnel when it comes to
internet curbs.
A government spokesperson announced on Wednesday that media persons will not be able to access
many politically sensitive websites during their stay in China for the Beijing Olympics. The Chinese had
initially shrugged aside the unavailability of many sites as a technical snag on part of the concerned
websites.
The International Olympic Committee’s pantomime on the issue was briefly interrupted when it vowed to
take up the matter with the Chinese authorities, after reports of the censorship first emerged. But it now
remains in its timid stasis and continues to appease the Chinese.
Readers, at least you don't disappoint us like the IOC and, please, show your support for freedom of
expression, in the comments section - geeks for freedom!
Image Credit: Daily Galaxy
Censor-2-1
Internet Censorship
French Government Decides to Censor the Internet
Keep your Égalité and Fraternité but shove your Liberté!
BY SYLVIE BARAK
The Inquirer, June 10, 2008
Published here: Thursday, June 12, 2008, 07:18 PM
THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT has apparently decided that it doesn’t much like being
democratic, and that it would rather like to censor the Internet instead.
Not content with simply limiting itself to blocking despicable child sex abuse, a move three
major ISPs in the US also agreed to today, the French government feels it necessary to go
a radical step further and decide for its citizens whether or not they can view content it
considers inappropriately racist and or linked to terrorism.
Censor-2-2
In fact, worse still is that any site is now game for a French blockade, as Sarkozy’s
government is inviting people to send in huge long lists of sites which offend their
delicate sensibilities. The French government, which will purportedly be able to
receive complaints from Internet users in real time, will be able to add sites to a so
called “black list”, which it will then force national ISPs to block.
The move, announced by France’s Interior Minister, Michel Alliot-Marie, is France’s
way of showing it is indeed taking a strong stand against cyber-criminality, but it
seems that the line between ‘strong’ and ‘authoritarian’ is a little fuzzy on this one.
Alliot-Marie, only caring to justify the block on child sex abuse sites, noted “Other
democracies have done it. France could wait no longer". She added that all of
France’s Internet Service Providers had agreed to comply with the new regulations
which go into effect as of September.
The minister vehemently denied that the French government was turning itself into "a
Big Brother of the Internet" and promised that the "fundamental liberty that is Internet
access" would continue to thrive. As long as people only see the sites the
government allows them to see, of course.
Introduction: statutory controls
statutory controls 法定管制
statutory (adj) : fixed or controlled by law
Ex) statutory obligations
Ex) statutory employment rights
Ex) She's below the statutory age for school attendance.
statutory (a.)
1. 法令的,法規的
2. 法定的;法律承認的
statutory control of wages 工資的法定控制
3. 可依法懲處的
Statute noun [C or U]
a law which has been formally approved and written down
1.法令,法規;成文法
Working hours are limited by statute. (工作時間有法令限制。)
2.章程,規則;條例
The Union's statutes forbade them from holding high office.
(工會章程禁止他們擔任高級公職。)
A statute is a formal written enactment of a legislative authority that governs a country,
state, city, or county. [1] Typically, statutes command or prohibit something, or declare
policy.[1] The word is often used to distinguish law made by legislative bodies from the
judicial decisions of the common law and the regulations issued by Government
agencies.[1] Statutes are sometimes referred to as legislation or "black letter law". As a
source of law, statutes are considered primary authority (as opposed to secondary
authority).
Before a statute becomes law in some countries, it must be agreed upon by the highest
executive in the government, and finally published as part of a code. In many countries,
statutes are organized in topical arrangements (or "codified") within publications called
codes, such as the United States Code. In the United States, statutory law is
distinguished from and subordinate to constitutional law.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute
statutorily (adv)
statutory offence [countable]
law a crime that is described by a law and can be punished by a court
statutory rape [countable]
law the crime of having sex with someone who is younger than a particular age
statute book (法令全書)
When a law is on or reaches the statute book, it has been formally approved
and written down and can be used in a law court.
statute law (成文法)
statute of limitations (限定法律行動有效時限的法令 )
statute mile (法定英里[5,280英尺])
Reference -1
Submission from the Australian Press Council to the House
of Commons Culture, Media and Sport Committee, on its
reference on "Privacy and Media Intrusion".
The Council argues for the benefits of press self-regulation through
press councils independent of government and against any attempts
to impose statutory controls on the press through privacy legislation,
particularly in countries which have no express constitutional
guarantee of freedom of speech. It notes the position of the UK Press
Complaints Commission (PCC) as an independent press selfregulatory system which helps encourage the development of a free
and a responsible press, not only in the UK but internationally.
http://www.presscouncil.org.au/pcsite/fop/fop_subs/commons.html
Reference -2
You can trust me, I'm a press journalist
Quality control logos could allow newspaper websites to distinguish themselves
from internet gossip, and help avoid offensive statutory regulation, says Tim Toulmin
Monday, 23 July 2007
Has the debate about trust in the British media ever had so much resonance? Last
week's revelations about deceptions in broadcasting only contributed to a debate that
has been simmering for some time, and which encompasses all media – including
new media as well as television and print.
Yet, in terms of the press, there are some reasons to be positive about what can be
done to maintain and enhance trust in its products – which, of course, include many
online services too, including audio-visual content.
The report recognised the value of a free press, and the impracticality – and
philosophical offensiveness – of statutory controls on what can be written in
newspapers and magazines, both in print and online. For these conclusions alone,
the Committee should be applauded.
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/you-can-trust-me-im-a-press-journalist458298.html
Reference -3
BANKS AGREE TO STRONGER CODE ON SMES
Banks have agreed to a stronger code of practice regarding their
dealings with small businesses at a forum chaired by Lord
Mandelson. The revised statement of principles is designed to give
small companies greater protection until statutory controls come into
effect. Under the code, banks have agreed to take business assets
as security for loans ahead of personal assets. Companies will be
offered face-to-face meetings to discuss financial problems at an
early stage. Banks also agreed to speed up the process of switching
accounts to rival lenders. Stephen Alambritis of the Federation of
Small Businesses said these commitments were "key to getting
competition and good banking".
http://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSL942930820081209
Introduction:
press freedom or freedom of the press
Press (n)
1. 報刊;新聞界;記者們;
通訊社[the S][G]
2. 新聞輿論;報刊評論[S]
3. 印刷機;印刷廠[C]
4. (常大寫)出版社[C]
5. 壓;按[S]
Press (v)
vt.
1. 按,壓,擠
2. 催促;催逼;強迫;(極力)勸說[O2]
4. 迫使(某人)接受;把...強加於
[(+on/upon)]
5. 堅持;堅決進行
vi.
1. 擠向前,奮力前進[Q]
2. 緊迫
3. 壓,重壓[(+on/upon)]
4. 催;逼;迫切要求[(+for)]
Press (n)
1. the press:
a) people who write reports for newspapers, radio, or television:
Ex) the freedom of the press
Ex) The press have been very nasty about him.
b) reports in newspapers and on radio and television:
Ex) To judge from the press, the concert was a great success.
Ex) press reports
Ex) The band has received good press coverage (=the reports written about something
in newspapers).
2. get/be given a bad press
to be criticized in the newspapers or on radio or television:
Ex) The government 's policy on mental health care is getting an increasingly bad press.
3. get/have a good press
to be praised in the newspapers or on radio or television:
Ex) Our recycling policy is getting a good press.
freedom (n)
1. 自由;獨立自主
[U][C][(+of)][+to-v]
2. (使用,行動等的)自由
權[the S][(+of)]
3. 免除,解脫[U][(+from)]
Synonym:
liberty
autonomy
independence
self-determination
freedom (n)
1. [countable] the right to do what you want without
being controlled or restricted by anyone
Ex) People here like their freedom and privacy.
Ex) the rights and freedoms of citizens
freedom to do something
Ex) We do not have the freedom to do just what we like.
Ex) the freedom to vote
freedom of speech/expression/choice etc (=the legal right to
say what you want, choose your own religion etc)
Ex) The First Amendment guarantees freedom of expression.
individual/personal freedom
Ex) The government was accused of using the law to restrict individual
freedom
press/academic/political etc freedom
freedom (n)
2. [uncountable] the state of being free and
allowed to do what you want:
Ex) Kids have too much freedom these days.
Ex) The teachers are given complete freedom in their choice of
teaching methods.
freedom to do something
Ex) The wheelchair gives him the freedom to go out on his own.
Ex) Tracksuits are designed to give you freedom of movement.
3. [uncountable] the state of being free because
you are not in prison [≠ captivity, imprisonment]:
Ex) The prisoner was recaptured after only 48 hours of freedom.
freedom (n)
4. freedom from something
the state of not being affected by something that makes
you worried, unhappy, afraid etc
freedom from fear/pain/worry etc
Ex) The contraceptive pill gave women freedom from the fear of pregnancy.
5. freedom of choice:
the right or ability to choose whatever you want to do or have
Ex) The new satellite TV channels offer viewers greater freedom of choice.
6. freedom of information
the legal right of people in some countries to see information
which the government has about people and organizations
Freedom of the press
Freedom of the press consists of constitutional or statutory protections
pertaining to the media and published materials.
With respect to governmental information, any government distinguishes which
materials are public or protected from disclosure to the public based on
classification of information as sensitive, classified or secret and being otherwise
protected from disclosure due to relevance of the information to protecting the
national interest. Many governments are also subject to sunshine laws or
freedom of information legislation that are used to define the ambit of national
interest.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press
Freedom of blogging
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blogging
Freedom of speech
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speech
http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=mpQqT2g8a5Y
World Press Freedom Day
World Press Freedom Day is celebrated every year on 3 May worldwide. It is
an opportunity to celebrate the fundamental principles of press freedom; to
evaluate press freedom, to defend the media from attacks on their independence
and to pay tribute to journalists who have lost their lives in the line of duty.
(五月三日世界新聞自由日是一個向因行使表達自由而犧牲的人，尤其是新聞工作者，致敬的
日子。)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Press_Freedom_Day
聯合國官方網站: http://www.un.org/events/pressday/2008/
美國官方網站: http://www.america.gov/st/freepressenglish/2008/May/200805010921311xeneerg0.1282923.html
法國官方製作之短片，向500位各國勇於捍衛新聞自由之新聞工作者致意:
http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=e9REmlqDGac
World Press Freedom Day
中國2008年世界新聞自由日之主題曲:
http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=DbBjYt1DilA&feature=related
日期
時間
活動內容
地點
五月一、二日
早上十時至下午五時
香港和內地言論自由研討會
灣仔謝斐道238號
世紀香港酒店
五月三日
中午十二時至下午五時
藝墟
中環遮打花園
總部設在法國巴黎的「無國界記者組織」，以及總部設在美國紐約的「保護記者委員會」，多年來投入跨國的
新聞自由捍衛工作、維護記者報導新聞的權益，可以說是廣受各國媒體敬重，也讓威權國家頭痛的國際記者組
織，尤其是「無國界記者組織」固定在每年5月3日的世界新聞自由日，發布全球新聞自由調查評鑑的年度報告，
更被視為檢視各國媒體政策文明程度的重要指標，例如在2003年發表的「新聞自由壓制者」名單當中，中國國
家主席胡錦濤名列第7，並指中國、緬甸是新聞工作者的兩個最大監獄
所以許多人抨擊2008年竟然在中國舉辦慶祝新聞自由等活動是非常諷刺的，由以
下短片及可看出端倪。
http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=3VqS4n_dJE4
Reference -1
“Broken pen”:
It really captures the feeling
stirred by gagging the press.
Reference -2
World Press Freedom Day:
let our voices be heard
Posted by Jean Yves Chainon on April 5, 2007 at 10:53 AM
The World Association of Newspapers (WAN) has launched a
website and campaign dedicated to World Press Freedom and
the upcoming World Press Freedom Day, May 3. All are
welcome to access the website’s exclusive content, which
may be republished free of charge starting on May 3.
“Balancing the sometimes conflicting interests of security and
freedom might indeed be difficult, but democracies have an
absolute responsibility to use a rigorous set of standards to
judge whether curbs on freedom can be justified by security
concerns,” says WAN CEO Timothy Balding.
“This is the clear message we need to impress on
governments and their agencies on World Press Freedom Day.”
How to participate in the World Press Freedom campaign:
You can publish free of charge any editorial and advertising
materials that WAN has made available on the World Press
Freedom website. They include interviews, essays, editorials,
print-ready advertisements, video, cartoons, and infographics.
These exclusive materials should not be published before 3
May, World Press Freedom Day (including depicted cartoon).
Reference -3
FREEDOM CHAINED:
This handout picture, released on
Wednesday by the press freedom
group Reporters Sans Frontieres,
shows a stark image depicting the
most visible Olympic symbol — the
five Olympic rings — transformed
into handcuffs, claiming the Chinese
authorities were using the Olympics
for their own ends while failing to
live up to the promises on human
rights. — AFP
Reference -4
CHINA OLYMPICS HUMAN RIGHTS
• International
• Freedom of Information
• Press Freedom in China torch media
Reference -5
News Media Feel Limits to Georgia’s Democracy
Imedi, the main opposition broadcaster, reopened last year after being shut down by the government
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/07/world/europe/07georgia.html?_r=1
Reference -6
CROSS-STRAIT TALKS: ATJ accuses government
of violating press freedom
APOLOGY DEMANDED: While the press body criticized scuffles
between reporters and security personnel, international media did not
seem to have a large presence
By Loa Iok-sin And J. Michael Cole
STAFF REPORTERS
Wednesday, Nov 05, 2008, Page 3
The Association of Taiwan Journalists (ATJ) released a statement on Monday
accusing the government of restricting press freedom as it prepared to welcome
Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) Chairman Chen
Yunlin (陳雲林).
At least two verbal and physical clashes have occurred between local journalists
and law enforcement personnel safeguarding Chen and other members of the
ARATS delegation since they arrived on Monday.
Cheng Chieh-wen (鄭傑文), a photojournalist affiliated with the Central News
Agency (CNA), was dragged away by national security agents at the Grand Hotel
on Sunday while he was standing within the designated press area.
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/11/05/2003427788
Reference -7
CROSS-STRAIT TALKS: Filmmaker taken into
custody as protests continue
By Mo Yan-chih, Jenny W. Hsu And Loa Iok-sin
STAFF REPORTERS
Wednesday, Nov 05, 2008, Page 3
Protests continued around Taipei yesterday as China’s Association for Relations Across the Taiwan
Strait (ARATS) Chairman Chen Yunlin (陳雲林) spent his second day in Taiwan.
At 10am, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) Taipei City caucus released balloons bearing the
slogan “Taiwan, My Country” and set off 1,200 firecrackers at Dajia Riverside Park. The noise
attracted the attention of police stationed at the nearby Grand Hotel, who rushed to investigate.
Huang Chin-lin (黃慶林), director of the DPP’s Taipei branch, said the party would continue protesting
against Chen “with creative methods” and make sure Taiwanese people’s feelings about China were
heard.
The Association of Taiwan Journalists, which on Monday accused the government of restricting
press freedom, yesterday lashed out again after one of its members was taken into police
custody outside the Grand Hotel.
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/11/05/2003427786
Reference -8
EDITORIAL: FSC’s overreaction send scary signal
Monday, Nov 17, 2008, Page 8
Stock market analyst Allen Chu (朱成志) recently wrote an article titled “A lesson in credit transactions for a stupid
president.” The Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC) said Chu used incorrect terms and figures and ordered him
to stop writing articles, giving lectures or participating in TV talk shows for one month.
Anybody familiar with the way the media works knows that if an article contains false information, the first step is to
demand a correction and an apology. Only if the author refuses, or if it can be proven that the article was intentionally
malicious, should civil action be taken. It is even more unusual for a government agency to take an active part in
such cases. It was clear that Chu was not being punished for using inaccurate data, but rather for the words “stupid
president” in the article’s headline.
Former president Lee Teng-hui (李登輝) has repeatedly complained about unreasonable media criticism, but he
never put pressure on media outlets. This is democratic tolerance. Many in the media have long labeled former
president Chen Shui-bian (陳水扁) corrupt. Although he strongly disagrees with this accusation, he never allowed the
authorities to impose sanctions against media outlets because he believed in freedom of the press. Thanks to Lee
and Chen’s tolerance and protection of the press, Taiwan tied with Japan as Asia’s freest media environment and
ranked 35th in the world in the latest Freedom House report.
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2008/11/17/2003428815