Name:________________________________________________ Studying Stars Lab Objective: Students will be able to explore the relationship between star temperature, color and brightness. Part I: Recreating the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Materials: graph paper, color pencils Procedure: Use the graph paper and a ruler, create a line graph with your X axis being temperature and your Y axis will be luminosity (brightness). Main sequence stars Star Temperature Luminosity Giant stars(Blue or Re) Star Temperature Luminosity Bellatrax 18000 -2.0 Capella 6000 -0.6 Regulus 12000 -0.6 Pollux 4650 0.8 Spica 19500 -2.0 Arcturus 4500 -0.3 Beta Centauri 21000 -3.0 Aldebaran 3900 -0.2 Achernar 16500 -3.0 Beta Tauri 12000 -2.0 Beta Crucis 21000 -4.6 Super Giant (red) Alpha Crucis 19500 -4.0 Star Vega 9750 0.5 Rigel 12250 -6.8 Castor 9250 0.9 Deneb 9000 -6.9 Beta Carinae 9750 -0.4 Canopus 7100 -3.1 Sirius A 9250 1.5 Antares 3300 -4.5 Formalhaut 8500 2.0 Betelgeuse 3200 -5.5 Altair 7750 2.2 Procyon A 6500 2.6 White Dwarfs Alpha Centauri A 5750 4.4 Star Sun 5750 4.9 Sirius B 8100 11.4 Tau Ceti 4750 5.7 Procyon B 6500 13.1 Epsilon Eridani 4500 6.1 Epsilon Indi 4250 7.0 Cygni A 3800 7.5 Cygni B 3700 8.0 Alpha Centauri B 3900 5.8 Kapteyn's Star 3400 11.2 Lacaille 8760 3200 8.8 Lacaille 21185 3000 10.5 Bernard's Star 2600 13.2 Ross 614A 2500 13.3 Kruger 60B 2500 13.4 Ross 248 2500 14.7 Temperature Temperature Luminosity Luminosity Analysis and Conclusion Questions: 1. What type of relationship, based on your graph, exists between your two variables of temperature and luminosity; positive or negative? How do you know? 2. Where is the Sun located on your graph? Based on the Sun’s location, would you classify the Sun as a normal star or a star with abnormalities. Explain your answer. 3. Based on your observations on the graph, how is size related to temperature? Explain the REASON for this variation in temperature with size. Use TWO example stars from the graph to support your ideas as examples. 4. What is the process that occurs in the core of star generates the heat and energy of a star. Describe this process in detail. Part II: Diagraming Stellar Evolution Materials: colored pencils, circular objects, card stock paper Procedure: 1. On the card stock paper, create a diagram of the life cycle of a star. Complete the diagram first in pencil and use circular objects from around the room to demonstrate the size differences between each phase. Be creative! Be sure to show the cycle for both small stars as well as massive stars. 2. After you have drawn your diagram in pencil, have Ms. Wall check your work. 3. Once your rough draft is corrected, color each phase of the life cycle appropriately. 4. Lastly, using your H-R Diagram, write the name of an example of each phase under the label phase on your diagram. Analysis and Conclusion Questions: 1. As star ages, it begins to burn heavier elements such as calcium, carbon and iron. How is this significant for the formation of planets? 2. Based on the understanding in the above question, how do you BELIEVE our solar system was formed 4.6 billion years ago? Explain your theory in detail. 3. Using all content above, it is stated that “we are all generated from star dust”; is this that true or false? Explain your response.