9D – New Seats
Front of room
If you have a question or concern let me know at
the END of class – stay in this seat for today.
Lorreno
Davnys
Christine
Joas
Trae
Courtney
Jackson
Rayoni
Nekeyla
Kayla
Samantha
Owen
Devon
Carlheb
Warren
Loveng
Celeste
Miguel
Hannah
Marcelo
Dyani
Nicholas
Bio 9D: Tuesday, 2.1.11
Transition to Semester 2

Homework:
 Read
pages 291-296 and take active reading notes.
 Summarize DNA’s structure and how DNA, genes,
nucleotides, and chromosomes relate to each other.

Silent Do Now:
 Complete

the Semester 1/Midterm Exam Reflection
Today’s Objectives:
 Reflect
on Semester 1 and the Midterm Exam
 Provide feedback and set goals for Semester 2
 Identify your current knowledge and questions about
genetics.
Preview of Genetics:
DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes


Count off by 6’s
Tables in the back (2 for each word)
DNA
 Genes
 Chromosomes


At your table:
Put your assigned word on a poster and divide the page in two
 One side: Write down everything you know about the word
 Other side: Write down questions you have
After 5 minutes your group will rotate to the other tables to add
to the other posters


9D: Seats
Front of room
Celeste
Dyani
Davnys
Christine
Loveng
Joas
Warren
Marcelo
Trae
Rayoni
Owen
Nicholas
Nekeyla
Kayla
Hannah
Samantha
Jackson
Courtney
Lorreno
Miguel
Carlheb
Devon
Bio 9D: Thursday, 2.3.11
Title: DNA Structure & Function

Homework:
Read pages 297-299 and take active reading notes.
 Summarize how DNA replicates!
 Finish the Semester 1 Reflection packet if you haven’t already


Silent Do Now – on the worksheet
Study the diagram of Genetic Information in Cells.
 Answer the Fill-in-the-Blanks on the back of the diagram
 Pass your Semester 1 Reflection packet forward if it’s finished


Today’s Objectives:
Explain how DNA, genes, nucleotides, and chromosomes relate
to each other.
 Describe the structure of DNA.

INTRODUCTION TO
GENETICS:
DNA – STRUCTURE &
FUNCTION
PHA Biology 9
Moretti/ Dickson
Intro to Genetics:
DNA Structure & Function

Genetics: the study of heredity
 What
determines an organism’s traits (characteristics)?
 How are traits passed on from one cell to another, and
from parents to offspring?


DNA: the molecule that carries genetic information
DNA has two important functions:
 Carry
instructions for making proteins that determine your
traits
 Replicate – make exact copies of itself so it can be passed on

DNA is found in all cells (in the nucleus in eukaryotic
cells)
Do Now: Genetic Info in Cells
Chromosomes
Very long, coiled/bunched
up strands of DNA that
contain many genes
Nucleotide Base Pairs
Building blocks of DNA
DNA
Another Gene: instructions for
making a different protein that
determines a different trait
Gene: Instructions for
making a protein that
determines a trait
DNA Structure
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
DNA Structure

“Building Blocks” = Nucleotides
Deoxyribose Sugar
 Phosphate
 Nitrogenous Base


DNA Polymer = chain of nucleotides
Ladder: Uncoiled
 Double Helix: 2 long coiled strands
 Sides: alternating phosphates
& sugars


Middle/ “Rungs” of ladder:

Pairs of Nitrogenous Bases
connected by Hydrogen bonds
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
DNA Structure: Base Pairing

4 Nitrogen Bases:
 Adenine
 Guanine
 Thymine
 Cytosine
•
Base Pairing:
A ---- T Hydrogen bonds
connect them
G
---- C
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
DNA Structure: Images
Objectives for Class:
• Describe the structure of DNA.
Write down this DNA Sequence:
G A T A C A T G C G
What is the sequence for the complementary
(aka matching) DNA strand?
How do we know about DNA Structure?
Don’t need to write this – just listen!


Chargaff: A=T and C=G
Rosalind Franklin:
Actual X-ray of DNA
 Showed double-helix structure
 Died young due to X-rays!
 Didn’t get credit for her contributions…
pretty messed up!


Watson & Crick: Built a model using
this evidence

(They got all of the credit – initially)
Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
9D –Seats
Front of room
If you have a question or concern let me know at
the END of class – stay in this seat for today.
Lorreno
Davnys
Christine
Joas
Trae
Courtney
Jackson
Rayoni
Nekeyla
Kayla
Samantha
Owen
Devon
Carlheb
Warren
Loveng
Celeste
Miguel
Hannah
Marcelo
Dyani
Nicholas
Bio 9D: Friday, 2.4.11
Title: DNA Replication & Modeling

Homework:


Finish the Discussion Questions for Part 2 of the DNA Lab
Silent Do Now: (in NB w/ title & date)
1. Based on yesterday’s class: How do genes, chromosomes,
nucleotides, and DNA relate to each other?
2. Based on last night’s HW: What is the first thing you would
need to do with this DNA molecule in order to copy it?
Today’s Agenda & Objectives:
 Review the Do Now – how genes, chromosomes, etc. relate
 Describe the steps of DNA replication (very brief notes)
 Build a model of DNA and use it to show how DNA replicates
(Modeling-Building Lab)
Do Now Review


Volunteers to read aloud their answer to #1 of the
Do Now?
Grade your answer out of 3 points:
 Nucleotides
are the building blocks of DNA – they
come together to form DNA
 One piece of DNA (used to make one protein) is a gene
 A long piece of DNA containing many genes is a
chromosome
DNA Replication: Overview
DNA Replication: Overview
DNA can make an
exact copy of itself!
 Happens every time a
cell needs to reproduce

Objectives for Class:
Describe the structure of DNA.
Steps of DNA Replication
1. DNA Unwinds & Unzips:
Hydrogen Bonds break
 Separates into 2 single strands
2. DNA Polymerase adds complementary
(matching) nucleotides to each
side(templates)
3. Finished Product: 2 NEW identical
double-strands of DNA are produced
 DNA Polymerase “proofreads” the
new strands
 Each new strand twists back up to form
2 double helices

Objectives for Class:
• List the steps of DNA replication
DNA Replication
Note: The RED
Strand is the
Original Strand
Objectives for Class:
• List the steps of DNA Replication
DNA Model Building Lab: Part I
Part I: Constructing DNA
 Build 36 nucleotides
 Count out the following and put the rest in a
pile for later:
5A
5T
4C
4G
Build a double-stranded DNA molecule with
these 18 nucleotides
 Record your DNA Sequence in the table
Then answer the questions and go on to Part 2

Objectives for Class:
• Describe the structure of DNA.
Partners for DNA Modeling Lab
Your partner is at your same table, not across from you!
Devon
Marcelo
Lorreno
Kayla
Miguel
Carlheb
Samantha
Trae
Nekeyla
Loveng
Owen
Christine
Warren
Davnys
Jackson
Dyani
Joas
Courtney
Hannah
Rayoni
Nicholas
Celeste
DNA Model Building Lab: Part II
Part II: Replicating DNA




Unzip your DNA molecule by breaking the Hbonds
Add new nucleotides to match up with each
original strand
You should now have 2 double helixes. How
do their sequences compare?
When finished:
 Take all pieces apart and put them
back in the bags
 Answer the Discussion Questions
for Part 2
Objectives for Class:
• Describe the structure of DNA.
• Explain WHY DNA must replicate and the 3 steps of HOW DNA replicates.
Bio 9D: Monday, 2.7.11
Title: Wrap-Up: DNA Structure & Replication


Homework:
 Read Section 10-2 (pgs. 244-249)
 Take notes – see Q’s on assignment sheet
Silent Do Now: (in NB w/ title & date)
G A A C G T
1. Write the complementary base sequence to this single strand of DNA
2. Which of the pictures below best illustrates DNA replication? Why?
A.
B.
C.
Take out your DNA Modeling Lab…

Check to be sure that all questions are complete
 Did
you label everything that’s supposed to be
labeled?
 Did you answer all parts of every question?
 If yes: Pass it forward
 If no: Hold onto it, fix it after hearing the instructions for
today
Wrap-Up:DNA Structure & Replication
Today’s Objective:
 Solidify your knowledge of
last week’s goals!




Describe the structure of
DNA.
Explain how DNA, genes,
nucleotides, and
chromosomes relate to each
other
Describe the steps of DNA
replication
Explain how DNA’s structure
allows it to replicate.
How you will do this:
 DNA Review Activities




You must complete at least 1
activity to get a passing grade
Complete more than one to earn
a B or an A
Work silently on your own for 20
minutes, then permission to work
with a partner
If you don’t finish in class, it is
due Thursday.
Reminder: Tonight’s HW = Read
10.2 and answer questions