Temporal Lobe – auditory association area, facial recognition, hearing, smell
Occipital lobe – visual association area, vision (reading judging distances, seeing in 3D)
Parietal lobe – somatosensory area especially from skin and muscle, taste, speech, reading – located behind central
sulcus
Frontal lobe – motor area, personality, behavior, emotional expression, intellectual functions, memory storage, contains primary motor cortex
Left cerebral hemisphere – left side of the cerebrum – more adept at language, math, logic, processing of serial
sequences – receives sensory info from right side of body
Right cerebral hemisphere – right side of the cerebrum – more adept to pattern recognition, non verbal thinking, and
emotional processing - receives sensory information from the left side of the body
Neocortex – convoluted surface o0f the cerebral cortex- mediate primary emotions and attach emotional feelings to
survival related function- Important because they increase the surface area of the cerebral cortex
Basal nuclei – three ganglia (masses of gray matter) deep with in the cerebral cortex – initiate and terminate movement
– suppress unwanted movement and regulate muscle tone. – Important centers for planning and learning movement
sequences
Corpus collusum – a large fiber tract of white matter that joint the right and left side of cerebral hemisphere together.
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Thick band of axons that provide communication between right and left cerebral cortex
Cerebrum – largest part of the brain divided into right and left cerebral hemispheres – sear of intelligence – consist of
outer cerebral cortex, internal region of cerebral white matter and gray matter deep with in the white mater – each
hemisphere has 4 major lobes
Epuithalamus – consists of pineal gland which secretes melatonin and the habenular nuclei – involved in olfaction
especially emotional response ot scents.
Hypothalamus – controls and integrates activates of autonomic nerves system – produces hormones (releasing
hormones, oxytocin, ADH and controls pituitary gland function – regulates emotional behavior patterns of the limbic
system – regulates eating, drinking, and body temperature, contains suprahciasmic nucleus that regulate circadian
rythms
Thalamus – relays almost all sensory input to cerebral cortex – main output center for motor information leaving the
cerebrum – plays a role in maintenance and consciousness
Diencephalon – located beneath the cerebrum and above brainstem – includes thalamus, hypothalamus, and
epithalamus
Cerebellum – smoothes and coordinates contractions of the skeletal muscles – regulates posture and balance – may
have role in cognition and language processing
Midbrain – from pons to diencephalon – relay sensory and motor info- contains nuclei that function as reflex centers for
vision and hearing – aquaduct connect 3rd ventricle above 4th ventricle below
Pons – superior to medulla, anterior to cerebellum – bridge for info to and from the brain – plays an important role
inregulation of breathing rate and rhythm
Medulla oblongata – connects the spinal cord with the pons – contain all sensory tracts (ascending) and motor
(descending) tracts from the spinal cord and brain. Nuclei in the medulla oblongata control the heart rate, blood
pressure, and respiration. Control vomiting swallowing sneezing coughing and hiccupping.
Brain stem – connects spinal cord with higher brain structures composed of midbrain – pons – medulla oblongata
Choroid plexus - network of blood capillaries are (microscope blood vessels) in the walls of the ventricles – capillaries
are covered by emideymal cells that form CSF from blood plasma and filtration
4th ventricle – lies between the brain stem and cerebellum
-CSF filled cavity of the brain – contain choriod plexus
Primary somatosensory cortex – receives nerve impulses for touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle, temperature, pain,
and proprioreception (joint and muscle position
Third ventricle – a slit like cavity between the right and left halves of the thalamus and between the right and left halves
of the thalamus, CSF filled cavity, and contain choroid plexus
Choroid plexus – blood capillaries that form CSF
Primary motor cortex – controls voluntary contractions of specific muscles or groups of muscles
Lateral ventricles – communicates with the lateral ventricle in the other cerebral hemisphere and third ventricle filled
with CSF
Fourth ventricle – lies between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata, pon and filled with CSF