Climograph
• Graph that indicates
average temperature and
precipitation for a place.
• Line Graph shows
temperature
• Bar Graph shows
precipitation
If the line graph goes up in the middle – it is showing a place in the
northern hemisphere.
If the line graph goes down in the middle – it is showing a place in the
southern hemisphere.
If the line is fairly straight – it is showing a place that is near or on the
Equator.
•Description – hot and wet
throughout the year.
•Precipitation Wet – 80 +
inches a year - Rains daily
• Temperatures about 80 all
year
Amazon River Basin
Congo River Basin
Indonesia
• vegetation - Lush and diverse
– 6% of earth, but more than
half the plant and animal
species. Canopy – layers of
broadleaf evergreen trees.
Leaching – continuous rain
pulls the nutrients out of the
soil (not arable)
•Biome: Rainforest
Rio
Temperatures are
about even so it must
be near the Equator.
Tons of precipitation every month.
Belem
Animals: Africa Forest Elephant , Bengal Tiger , Chimpanzee , Common Palm Civet or
Musang , Dawn Bat , Golden Lion Tamarin , Harpy Eagle , Jambu Fruit Dove , King
Cobra , Kinkajou , Linn's Sloth , Orangutan , Proboscis Monkey , Red-shanked Douc
Langur , Silvery Gibbon , Slender Loris , Sumatran Rhinoceros , Toco Toucan , Vampire
Bat , Wagler's Pit Viper
•Description – grassland with
distinct dry and wet seasons.
Winter is dry.
•Summers have 20 – 100 inches
of precipitation a year. Winter
is dry. Dry season is dramatic.
•High year round temperatures
around 80.
•Vegetation – clumps of coarse
grass and few trees.
•Llanos of Venezuela
•Caribbean Islands
•Serengeti of Tanzania
•Biome - savanna
COLD
COLD
DRY
DRY
Darwin
Dakar
Near the Equator
Animals: African Elephant , African Wild Dog , Black Mamba , Caracal , Chacma Baboon ,
Egyptian Mongoose , Emu , Grant's Zebra , Koala Bear , Lion , Nigriceps Ants , Nile Crocodile
• Description – dry, largely
treeless grassland.
•Location – Low & mid
latitudes. Border deserts &
interior of continents
(leeward side)
•Precipitation 10 – 20
inches a year
• Vegetation - Grassland
with few trees or cactus.
Desertification - spread of
desert-like conditions to
semi-arid areas is a serious
problem in the Steppe
•Biome: grassland
Alice Spring
Northern
Southern
Hemisphere
Hemisphere
Animals: American Bald Eagle,
Badger , Bobcat , Bumble Bee , Coyote ,
Prairie Dog , Swift Fox , Corsac Fox ,
Mongolian Gerbil , Saiga Antelope ,
Northern Lynx, Geoffroy's Cat , Greater
Rhea , Saker Falcon
Description – dry area with
sparse plant life that covers
about 1/3 of the world’s land.
There are two types of terrain:
reg – desert pavement (gravel,
rocks, and sand) and erg –
dunes
•Precipitation – 10 in. or less a
year
• Temperatures: Desert does
not mean hot – it means dry!!!
Day and night temperatures
vary drastically.
•Vegetation - scrub and cactus
Oasis is an area in the desert
where water is available.
•Biome – desert scrub
Cairo
Tehran
Lima
Animals: Armadillo Lizard , Banded GilaMonster , Bobcat , Cactus Wren , Coyote
, Desert Bighorn Sheep ,
Desert Kangaroo Rat , Desert Tortoise ,
Javelina , Cactus Ferruginous Pygmy Ow
, Sonoran Desert Toad ,
Sonoran Pronghorn Antelope
•Description – ocean winds
bring cool summers and damp
winters.
• Location – 30-60º on the
west coast in N. Hemisphere
and east coast in S.
Hemisphere. Located on
Westerlies.
Precipitation: Ocean air brings
abundant rainfall.
• Vegetation: large coniferous
– evergreen forests called
temperate rainforests and
mixed forests - both coniferous
and deciduous trees.
•Biome- deciduous forest
London
Sydney
Abundant
rainfall all
year. High
around 70.
Low around
40.
Vancouver
Animals: American Bald Eagle, American Black Bear , Coyote , Duckbill Platypus, Eastern
Chipmunk , European Red Squirrel , Fat Dormouse , Least Weasel , White-tailed Deer
•Description – mild, rainy
winter and hot sunny
summers.
•Precipitation: 15 – 30 in
(mostly in the winter)
•Vegetation - Chaparral –
underbrush, woody bushes
and short trees – cork, olives,
grapes, etc. Leathery leaves
hold moisture
•Biome - chaparral
COLD
COLD
WET
WET
Perth
Athens
Jordan
Santiago
COLD
WET
COLD
WET
Animals: Aardwolf , Black-tailed Jackrabbit , Cactus Wren , Golden Jackal , Grey
Fox , Isand Grey Fox , Puma , San Joachim Kit Fox , Spotted Skunk , Wild Goat
•Description – short, mild
winters and nearly year
round rainfall. hurricanes &
typhoons.
• HOUSTON is in HST
•Precipitation: year round
Vegetation – fruits, rice,
vegetables, inland
grasslands, and mixed
forests - deciduous and
coniferous trees.
Biome – deciduous forest
Buenos Aires
Southern hemisphere
Shanghai
Northern hemisphere
Animals: American Bald Eagle, American Black Bear , Coyote , Duckbill Platypus, Eastern
Chipmunk , European Red Squirrel , Fat Dormouse , Least Weasel , White-tailed Deer
•Description - 4 distinct seasons.
Storms and continentality - far
in the interior of continents
influence climate.
•Location - interior mid-latitude
in N. Hemisphere
•Temperatures: winters longer
as you travel north and inland.
• Vegetation: Agriculture has
replaced natural prairie grass,
and short coniferous forests.
•Biome – grassland and
deciduous forest
Moscow
Helsinki
Northern Hemisphere
Animals: American Bald Eagle, American Black Bear , Coyote , Duckbill Platypus, Eastern
Chipmunk , European Red Squirrel , Fat Dormouse , Least Weasel , White-tailed Deer
• Description – bitterly cold
winter and short, cool
summers.
•Temperatures: Widest
temperature range between
summer and winter.
•Vegetation: Taiga (Russian
word for forest) a boreal
forest – needled evergreens.
•Permafrost – only a small
layer of the ground thaws.
•Biome - taiga
Omsk
Saskatoon
Northern Hemisphere
ANIMALS: American Black Bear,
Bald Eagle , Bobcat , Canadian Lynx ,
Gray Wolf , Grizzly Bear , Long-Eared Owl ,
Red Fox , River Otter , Snowshoe-Rabbit ,
Wolverine
• Description – very cold
with polar night for ½ of the
year.
•Location – far north in the
northern hemisphere
•Temperature: Cold: rarely
above 50° - at least 9
months below freezing –
some below 0º
•Vegetation: Short bushes,
short grass, mosses, and
lichen. permafrost bogs in
summer.
•Biome - tundra
Freezing
Freezing
Northern Hemisphere
ANIMALS: Arctic Fox , Caribou , Ermine ,
Grizzly Bear , Harlequin Duck , Musk Ox ,
Polar Bear , Snowy Owl
• Description – snow and ice
cover this area up to 2 miles
thick
•Polar night – 6 months a year
the sun does not rise above the
horizon (24 hours dark)
•Polar desert – moisture in the
air does not reach the dew
point, so it does not
precipitate. Far away from
Equator (dry & cold as move
away)
•Temperature: Below freezing
all year - Many months below
zero.
•Vegetation: Possibly lichen
and moss
Freezing
Freezing
Thuls Air Force Base
Northern
Southern
Hemisphere
Hemisphere
• Located in mountain systems throughout
the world
• Precipitation – affected by the Orographic
Effect. Leeward is dry – windward is wet.
• Temperature – varies with elevation – for
every 1,000 feet increase in elevation the
temperature decreases 3.5
• Vegetation – usually mixed forests at the
base. Meadows with small trees, shrubs,
and wildflowers line the mountainsides.
•Biome - alpine
Northern Hemisphere
Near Equator
Near Equator
Mexico City
• Hot land.
• 0 - 2,500 ft.
• 68-91ºF.
• Grow: rice,
Banana, sugar
cane, cacao,
pineapple
• Forests: Sea
level – swamps
up to dry
forests around
2,000 feet
• Temperate
land.
• 2,500 – 6,500
ft.
• 60-70ºF.
• Grow coffee,
cotton,
tobacco, citrus
fruit, squash,
beans, and
corn
• Forests:
Wet forest
• Cold land.
• 6,500 –
10,000 ft.
• Less than 60
degrees.
• Grow grains
such as wheat,
oats, rye, and
barley, apples,
and also
potatoes.
• Forests:
Cloud forests
• Most above
the tree line.
• 10,000 –
14,000 feet
• temperatures:
20 – 55º
• Grow:
Grassland and
hardy shrubs.
• Elfin forest at
lowest elevations
• Grazing of
sheep, alpacas,
and llamas.
• Snow line and
above.
• Above 14,000 feet
• Below 20º.
• Nothing grows
here except maybe
a few moss and
lichen in summer.