AP Biology 2010
Week 4: Chapter 9 & 10 Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
College Board Performance Objectives:
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Describe the role of ATP in coupling the cell's anabolic and catabolic processes.
Explain how chemiosmosis functions in bioenergetics.
How are organic molecules broken down by the catabolic pathways of cellular respiration?
Explain the role of oxygen in energy-yielding pathways of cellular respiration.
Explain how cells generate ATP in the absence of oxygen.
College Board Lab Objectives:
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AP* Lab 5 on cellular respiration is done when studying the respiratory body system.
Describe how spectrophotometry can be used to measure aerobic respiration.
Perform tests that analyze the effects of temperature on the rate of cell respiration
and calculate the rate of cell respiration from experimental data.
Relate gas production to respiration rate.
Suggested Laboratory Experiments:
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation, Lab Topic 5
Pacing Guide:
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration - 2 days
Chapter 10: Photosynthesis – 2 days
redox reaction
oxidation
reduction
NAD+ /NADH
electron transport chain
glycolysis
Krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
substrate-level phosphorylation
Ross 2010 SJDA
Key Words:
acetyl CoA
cytochromes
ATP synthase
chemiosmosis
aerobic
anaerobic
alcoholic fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
FADH2
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AP Biology 2010
Chapter 10: Photosynthesis
College Board Performance Objectives:
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Explain how photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy.
Describe how the chemical products of the light-trapping reactions couple to the
synthesis of carbohydrates.
Explain the kinds of photosynthetic adaptations that have evolved in response to
different environmental conditions.
Explain what interactions exist between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
College Board Lab Objectives:
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Conduct chromatography to separate two or more compounds that are initially present in
a mixture and calculate their Rf values.
Design a lab that tests the relationship between light wavelength or light intensity or
temperature and photosynthetic rate.
Explain why the rate of photosynthesis varies under different environmental conditions.
Suggested Laboratory Experiments:
Biology AP* Laboratory 4, Plant Pigments
Key words
autotroph
heterotroph
chlorophyll
mesophyll
stomata
light reactions
Calvin cycle
NADP+
carbon fixation
electromagnetic spectrum
photons
spectrophotometer
absorption spectrum
carotenoids
photosystem
Ross 2010 SJDA
reaction center
primary electron acceptor
photosystem, I
photosystem, II
noncyclic photophosphorylation
cyclic photophosphorylation
glyceraldehyle 3-phosphate
rubisco
C3 plants
photorespiration
C4 plantsmesophyll
PEP carboxylase
crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)
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AP Biology 2010
Weekly Assignment # 5
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
1. Describe the ways in which ATP can be used to perform cell work.
2. Explain the difference between oxidation and reduction reactions. Be sure to mention the
changes in energy that accompany these reactions.
3. Illustrate the reaction performed by dehydrogenase enzymes.
4. What is the role played by NAD+ in cellular respiration?
5. Where do glycolytic reactions occur?
6. Name the starting molecule and end product of glycolysis.
7. What molecule supplies activation energy for glycolysis? Why is glucose activated?
8. What is the net ATP yield of glycolysis?
9. At what product is glycolysis finished?
10. What is meant by substrate level phosphorylation? Give an example.
11. What must be done to pyruvate before the Krebs cycle? For what reasons is this done?
12. Basically, what is happening to the molecules in the Krebs cycle?
13. What are the final products and the waste product?
14. What is the basic purpose of the Krebs cycle?
15. Is the phosphorylation reaction in the Krebs cycle substrate level or oxidative?
16. How is FADH2 similar to the NADH produced during glycolysis?
17. How is the structure of the mitochondrion suited to its function?
18. As electrons are passed along the ETC they lose energy. Where does this energy go?
19. Where is the electron transport chain gear located?
20. Explain chemiosmosis and the proton-motive force.
21. How many ATP does one completely oxidized glucose molecule produce in a typical eukaryotic
cell?
22. What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration? What is formed?
23. Describe the control of cellular respiration and state why that control is beneficial.
24. What is the difference between anaerobic respiration and fermentation?
25. What is lactic acid fermentation? alcoholic fermentation? Why are these pathways
necessary?
26. Under what conditions can lactate accumulate in vertebrate muscle cells?
Ross 2010 SJDA
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AP Biology 2010
Chapter 10: Photosynthesis
1. Distinguish between autotrophs, heterotrophs, photoautotrophs, and chemoautotrophs.
2. Describe the structure of the chloroplast, including the arrangement of the antenna on the
thylakoid membrane.
3. For the reactants and products in photosynthesis, identify the steps in which is each is used
or produced.
4. Briefly describe the two stages of photosynthesis.
5. Describe Englemann's discovery concerning which wavelengths of light produce the most O2
during photosynthesis. Relate his discovery to the absorption spectra of chloroplast pigments.
6. Draw a graph which shows the relative frequencies of light which are absorbed by the
photosystems.
7. Prepare a simplified drawing which models photosystems I and II and includes their positions
on the thylakoids and their relation to the electron transporting molecules.
8. Summarize the mechanism in Photosystem II whereby light energy is converted to chemical
energy.
9. Describe the path which an electron takes from PS II to NADP+
10. Explain how ATP is generated in the thylakoid.
11. What is the actual carbohydrate produced by the Calvin Cycle? Where have you seen this
molecule before?
12. Where do the Calvin cycle reactions take place?
13. Name the enzyme that fixes CO2 in the Calvin cycle.
14. How does the use of ATP and NADPH by the Calvin cycle demonstrate the reverse of
cellular respiration?
15. Describe cyclic electron flow and explain its purpose.
16. What is meant by photorespiration?
17. How is the leaf structure of a C4 plant adapted to cope with the problem of
photorespiration?
18. How do C4 plants fix CO2? CAM plants?
Ross 2010 SJDA
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