Working in Groups: 5th edition
Isa N. Engleberg
Prince George’s Community College
Dianna R. Wynn
Nash Community College
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Chapter 13:
Making
Presentations in
Groups
What Is a Presentation?
A Presentation
Occur whenever a group member speaks,
relatively uninterrupted, to other group
members or to audience members.
Group members make presentations, not
public speeches.
Presentations by Group
Members
As a group member, you should be
prepared to make presentations
 within a group
 on behalf of a group
 as part of a team presentation
The Seven Key Elements of
Presentation Speaking
1.
2.
3.
4.
Purpose
Audience
Credibility
Logistics
5.
6.
7.
Content
Organizatio
n
Performanc
e
1. Purpose
Guiding Principle
Determine your speaking goal.
The Purpose Question
What you want your listeners to know,
think, believe, or do as a result of your
presentation
2. Audience
Guiding Principle
Connect with your audience.
Two Basic Audience Questions

What are your audience’s
characteristics?

What are your audience’s opinions?
Research Your Audience

What are their characteristics?



Demographics (age, race, gender, etc.)
Attributes (status, special interests, etc.)
What are their attitudes, beliefs, and
values?



Do they agree or disagree with you?
Are they neutral or undecided?
Can you find common ground?
Adapt to Audience
Attitudes
If the audience agrees with you,
is undecided, or has no opinion:
 Present new information
 Summarize important ideas
 Motivate the audience
Adapt to Audience
Attitudes
If the audience disagrees with
you:
 Make sure your goals are
realistic
 Find common ground
 Use fair and reasonable
evidence
Find Common Ground
Common Ground: A belief or value
you share with those who disagree
with you.
Where is there common ground
among:



Gun Control and Anti-Gun Control Advocates
Pro-Life and Pro-Choice Advocates
Democrats and Republicans
3. Credibility
Guiding Principle
Enhance your believability.
Components of Credibility
 Competence
 Character
 Caring
4. Logistics
Guiding Principle
Adapt to the setting and occasion.
Definition of Logistics
The strategic planning, arranging, and
use of people, facilities, time, and
materials relevant to your presentation
5. Content
Guiding Principle
Select appropriate ideas and information.
Research and Select:


Relevant ideas and information
Strong, appropriate, and valid evidence
6. Organization
Guiding Principle
Strategically organize your content.
Organizational Strategies


Select an appropriate organizational
pattern.
Outline the presentation.
Organizational Patterns

Reason Giving

Three reasons why we
should hire Jim are . . .

Time Arrangement

_______________________


Space
Arrangement
Problem-Solution
_______________________

The best U.S. wine is
grown in three states.

_______________________
_______________________
Organizational Patterns



Causes and Effects

_________________
_
Stories and
Examples
Compare-Contrast


_________________
_
Presidents Truman,
Clinton, and Obama’s
humble origins.
_________________
_
Outline Your Presentation
I.
Introduction
II. Central Idea or Purpose (Preview of Main Points)
III. Body of Presentation
A. Main Point 1
1. Supporting Material
2. Supporting Material
B. Main Point 2
1. Supporting Material
2. Supporting Material
IV. Conclusion
PowerPoint Quiz
What organizational pattern is probably used in a
presentation explaining why recycling is needed
and how the community can implement a more
effective program?
a) Time arrangement
b) Space arrangement
c) Problem-solution
d) Comparison-contrast
e) Causes and effects
Sample
Outline
7. Performance
Guiding Principle
Plan and practice your delivery.
How you speak affects . . .


what you really mean.
what listeners actually hear and
understand.
Forms of Delivery
Impromptu: Speaking without
advance preparation or practice
 Extemporaneous: Using an
outline or a set of notes to guide
you through your presentation
 Manuscript: Reading a
presentation from a well-prepared
script

Performance Checklist
Do you . . .







take time and get set before beginning the
presentation?
establish eye contact before beginning?
maintain eye contact for most of the
presentation?
gesture and move naturally?
speak with adequate volume?
articulate clearly?
pronounce words correctly?
PowerPoint Quiz
If, at the end of a presentation, listeners
conclude that you lack expertise on the subject
and question your sincerity, you have failed to
devote enough attention to . . .
a) purpose.
b) audience.
c) organization.
d) credibility.
e) performance.
Team Presentation
A well-coordinated, persuasive
presentation by a cohesive group
of speakers who are trying to
influence an audience of key
decision makers
A team presentation is not a
collection of individual speeches; it
is a team product.
Team Presentation Guidelines
1.
2.
3.
4.
Determine the team presentation’s
purpose.
Adapt to decision makers in the
audience.
Enhance team credibility by
demonstrating everyone’s expertise
and trustworthiness.
Adjust to the logistics of the situation
and place.
Team Presentation Guidelines
5.
6.
7.
Prepare appropriate content and
supporting materials.
Carefully organize the introduction,
body, and conclusion for each
presentations and for the team
presentation as a whole.
Practice the team’s performance
until it approaches perfection.
Questions and Answers
Be prepared to answer a variety of
questions.
 Guidelines for Q&A sessions:
 Be brief.
 Be honest.
 Be specific.

Presentation Aids
Supplementary audio and/or
visual materials that help an
audience understand and
remember what is said in a
discussion or presentation
Presentation Aid
Guidelines
Sample Presentation Slide
Pitfalls of PowerPoint
In your opinion, what are the major
disadvantages or common problems
you see in PowerPoint presentations?
1.Example:
They’re boring and use too
many bullet points.
2._______________________________
3._______________________________
4._______________________________
Improve This Slide
Improve This Slide
Delivering Presentation Aids




Explain the point: Explain what the
slide means.
Wait until it’s time: Give audience
enough time look and read.
Don’t talk to your aid: Talk directly to
your audience, not to the aid.
Be prepared to do without: Have a
backup plan.
Assessing Presentation Aids





Do any of the presentation aids use
too many colors, fonts, backgrounds,
graphics, sound, etc.?
Are the typefaces readable?
Is there any unnecessary artwork or
multimedia effects?
Have copyright laws been violated?
How could each presentation aid be
improved?