Science STAAR Review
Matter
Types of Energy
Science Tools
Classifying Matter
• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up
space
• Matter has physical properties that can be
observed
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mass
magnetism
physical state
relative density
solubility
Ability to insulate or conduct heat
Ability to insulate or conduct electricity
Mass
• Mass is the amount of matter in an object
Magnetism
• The property of attraction to a magnet
• Some metals are strongly magnetic, such as
• Iron
• Cobalt
• Nickel
• Not attracted to a magnet
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Aluminum
Copper
Plastic
Wood
Physical State
Density
• Objects with a density greater than water sink.
• More Dense
• Objects with a density less than water will
float.
• Less Dense
Solubility
• Solubility is the ability of a solid (the solute) to
dissolve in a liquid (the solvent)
• Salt
• Sugar
• When one substance
dissolves into
another, we have
a solution
Insulators of Heat and Electricity
• To insulate energy means to prevent the
transfer of energy
• Does not allow heat or electricity to pass.
Conductors of Heat and Electricity
• To conduct energy means to transfer energy.
• Allows heat or electricity to pass from the
object.
Properties of Water
• Waters freezing point (liquid to a solid) is
0 degrees Celsius
• Waters melting point (solid to a liquid) is
0 degrees Celsius
• Waters Boiling point (liquid to a gas) is
100 degrees Celsius
Changes from Heat
• Adding heat means to increase the
temperature of matter
• Taking away heat (cooling) can change the
state of matter
Mixtures
• Some materials, when mixed together,
maintain their physical properties such as iron
filings and sand
• Mixtures can be
separated
Solutions
• Some materials, when mixed together, undergo
changes in their physical properties, such as salt
dissolving in water
• Must be separated through the process of
evaporation
Energy
• Energy is the ability to do work
• There are different types of energy
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Mechanical
Sound
Thermal
Electrical
Light
• We can use different types of energy
• Bicycles, stereos, computers, lamps, and toasters
all use different types of energy at one time
Mechanical Energy
• Energy possessed by an object due to its
motion or position
• All movement is mechanical energy.
Sound Energy
• created when an object vibrates and sends
these vibrations through air
• Sound energy requires a medium, such as air
or water to transmit, which is why sound does
not travel in space
Thermal Energy
• Also known as Heat energy
• The higher the temperature the faster the
particles, or molecules, of an object are
moving
Electrical Energy
• Electricity flows in a closed path to form a
circuit, and stops when the circuit is broken
• Conductors-copper, aluminum, and steel
• Insulators- rubber, plastic, glass, wood, and
cloth
Electrical Energy
• electricity can produce light, heat, and sound
when flowing through a circuit.
• electric current flows to a TV, both sound and
light are produced
• electric current flows to a toaster, the heating
element wires get hot enough to turn bread a
toasty brown.
Light Energy
• Light travels in straight lines
Light Energy
• Light is reflected when it bounces off of
mirrors or shiny surfaces
• Opaque- light can’t pass
• Translucent- Some light
can pass
• White- reflects light
• Black- absorbs light
Light Energy
• Light is refracted, or bends, when passing
from one medium to another, such as from air
into water
• Transparent- allows light
to pass
Science Tools
• Metric Ruler- 10 millimeters is 1 centimeter
• Used to measure length, width, height,
distance
Science Tools
• Celsius Thermometer - The Celsius
thermometer measures temperature
Science Tools
• Spring Scale - Weight is measured in metric
units of Newtons (N) using a spring scale.
Weight is the force that gravity pulls on an
object
Science Tools
• Graduated Cylinders and Beakers - measure
and compare metric volumes of liquids using a
graduated cylinder or beaker in units of liters
(L) or milliliters (mL)
Science Tools
• Triple Beam Balance and Pan Balance- Used to
measure Mass in Grams
Science Tools