Emma Fagan, Jessica Voveris, Kyle Thiem
University of Oklahoma, School of Meteorology
Heather Basara
Assistant Professor, University of Oklahoma
Department of Geography
Jeffrey Basara
Associate Professor, University of Oklahoma
School of Meteorology





UHI phenomenon
Higher air pollutant concentrations

Basara et al. 2008

 Heat, respiratory, and cardiovascular related illnesses increase exponentially during extreme heat events
 Increased urbanization in the future
 Heat waves are projected to increase in frequency, longevity, and intensity
 Better mitigation techniques are needed
European Heat Wave of 2003

 Expand the current knowledge of the relationships between heat waves, urban environments, and human health
 Determine which populations are most at risk during extreme heat events within Oklahoma City at a neighborhood scale


Calculate apparent temperature via Oklahoma Mesonet and
Oklahoma City Micronet data from the Central Oklahoma heat wave from 2008 for urban, suburban, and rural areas.
 Analyze demographic risk factors such as age, socioeconomic status, geographic location, income, education level, & ethnicity
 Use ArcGIS software to overlay apparent temperature, ozone, and demographic data from U.S. Census Bureau
Basara et al. 2011



























Armstrong, B., 2006: Models for the relationship between ambient temperature and daily mortality. Epidem, 2006, 624-631.
Barnett, A. G., S. Sans, V. Solomaa, K. Kuulasmaa, and A. J. Dobson, 2007: The effect of temperature on systolic blood pressure. Blood Press. Monit., 12, 195-203.
Basara, J. B., B. G. Illston, C. A. Fiebrich, P. D. Browder, C. R. Morgan, A. McCombs, J. P. Bostic, R. A. McPherson, A. J. Schroeder, and K. C. Crawford, 2011: The Oklahoma City
Micronet. Metr. Appl., 18, 252-261.
Basara, J. B., H. G. Basara, B. G. Illston, and K. C. Crawford, 2010: The impact of the urban heat island during an intense heat wave in Oklahoma City. Adv. in Metr., 2010, doi:
10.1155/2010/230365.
Basara, J. B., P. K. Hall Jr., A. J. Schroeder, B. G. Illston, and K. L. Nemunaitis, 2008: Diurnal cycle of the Oklahoma City urban heat island, Jour. of Geophys. Res., 113, doi:
10.1029/2008JD010311.
Basu, R., W. Feng, and B. D. Ostro, 2008: Characterizing temperature and mortality in nine California counties. Epidem., 2008, 138-145.
Bornstein, R. D., 1968: Observations of the urban heat island effect in New York City. Jour. of Appl. Metr, 7, 575-582.
Filleul, L., S. Cassadou, S. Medina, P. Fabres, A. Lefranc, D. Eilstein, A. L. Tertre, L. Pascal, B. Chardon, M. Blachard, C. Declercq, J. Jusot, H. Prouvost, and M. Ledrans, 2006: The relations between temperature, ozone, and mortality in nine French cities during the heat wave of 2003. Envir. Health Persp., 114, 1344-137.
Gaffin, S. R., C. Rosenzweig, R. Khanbilvardi, L. Parshall, S. Mahani, H. Glickman, R. Goldberg, R. Blake, R. B. Slosberg, and D. Hillel, 2008: Variations in New York City’s urban heat island strength over time and space. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 94, 1-11.
Garcia-Herrera, R., J. Diaz, R. M. Trigo, J. Luterbacher, and E. M. Fischer, 2010: A review of the European summer heat wave of 2003. Crit. Reviews in Envir. Sci. and Tech., 40,
267-306.
Grumm, R. H., 2011: The central European and Russian heat wave of July-August 2010. BAMS, 92, doi:10.1175/2011BAMS3174.1.
Hung, T., D. Uchihama, S. Ochi, and Y. Yasuoka, 2006: Assessment with satellite data of the urban heat island effects in Asian mega cities. Inter. Jour. of Appl. Earth Obs. and
Geoinfo., 8, 34-48.
Karl, T. R., and R. W. Knight, 1997: The 1995 Chicago heat wave: how likely is a recurrence? BAMS, 78, 1107-1119.
Kilbourne, E. M., 1997: Heat waves and hot environments. The Public Health Consequences of Diasters, ed. E. Noji, New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 245-269.
Kim, H. H., 1992: Urban heat island. Int. Jour. of Remote Sensing, 13, 2319-2336.
Kovats, R. S., and S. Hajat, 2008: Heat stress and public health: a critical review. Annu. Rev. Public Health, 2008, 41-55.
Krunkel, K. E., S. A. Changnon, B. C. Reinke, and R. W. Arritt, 1996: The July 1995 heat wave in the Midwest: a climatic perspective and critical weather factors. BAMS, 77,
1507-1518.
Lin, S., M. Luo, R. J. Walker, X. Liu, S. Hwang, and R. Chinery, 2009: Extreme high temperatures and hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Epidem.,
2009, 738–746.
Luber, G., and M. McGeehin, 2008: Climate change and extreme heat events. Amer. Jour. Prev. Med., 20, 429-435.
Meehl, G. A. and C. Tebaldi, 2004: More intense, more frequent, and longer lasting heat waves in the 21 st Century. Science, 305, 994-997.
McPherson, R. A., C. A. Fiebrich, K. C. Crawford, R. L. Elliot, J. R. Kilby, D. L. Grimsley, J. E. Martinez, J. B. Basara, B. G. Illston, D. A. Morris, K. A. Kloesel, S. J. Stadler, A. D. Melvin,
A. J. Sutherland, J. Shrivastava, J. D. Carlson, J. M. Wolfinbarger, J. P. Bostic, and D. B. Demko, 2007: Statewide monitoring of the mesoscale environment: a technical update on the Oklahoma Mesonet. Jour. of Atmos. and Oceanic Tech., 24, 301-321.
Pattenden, S., B. Nikiforov, and B. G. Armstrong, 2003: Mortality and temperature in Sofia and London. Jour. Epidem. Comm. Health, 57, 628-633.
Portier, C. J., K. T. Tart, S. R. Carter, C. H. Dilworth, An Grambsch, J. Hess, S. N. Howard, G. Luber, J. T. Lutz, T. Maslak, M. Radtke, J. P. Rosenthal, T. Rowles, P. Sandifer, J.
Scheraga, D. Strickman, J. M. Trtanj, and P. Whung, 2010: A human health perspective on climate change. A report outlining the research needs on the human health effects on climate change. Published by Environmental Health Perspectives and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 68pp. [Available online at www.niehs.nih.gov/climatereport ]
Reid, C. E., M. S. O’Neill, C. Gronlund, S. J. Brines, D. G. Brown, A. V. Diez-Roux, J. Schwartz, 2009: Mapping Community Determinants of Heat Vulnerability. Environ. Health
Pers., doi: 10.1289/ehp.0900683 [Available online at http://dx.doi.org/ ]
Semenza, J. C., C. H. Rubin, K. H. Falter, J. D. Selanikio, W. D. Flanders, H. L. Howe, and J. L. Wilhelm, 1996: Heat-related deaths during the July 1995 heat wave in Chicago.
New England Jour. of Med., 335, 84-90.
Zvyagintsev, A. M., O. B. Blum, A. A. Glazkova, S. N. Kotel’nikov, I. N. Kuznetsova, V. A. Lapchenko, E. A. Lezina, E. A. Miller, V. A. Milyaev, A. P. Popikov, E. G. Semutnikova, O.
A. Tarasova, and I. Y. Shalygina, 2011: Air pollution over European Russia and Ukraine under the hot summer conditions of 2010. Atmos. and Oceanic Phys., 47,
699-707.