HAZARD COMMUNICATION
Hazard Communication
#1
Introduction

Purpose
» To provide information
required to work safely with
chemicals
» To comply with requirements
of 29 CFR 1910.1200, Hazard
Communication Standard
#2

Objectives
» To increase knowledge of
hazardous chemicals in the
workplace
» To reduce the number and
severity of accidents, injuries,
and illnesses resulting from
chemicals
» To increase understanding of
protective measures required
by exposure to hazardous
chemicals
Purpose of Hazard Communication
Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)



#3
To ensure that the hazards of all chemicals produced
or imported are evaluated
To ensure that comprehensive material safety data
sheets (MSDSs) are developed by the manufacturer
or importer for every hazardous chemical
To ensure that information concerning the hazards
associated with hazardous chemicals is transmitted
to employers and employees
Goals of the Hazard
Communication Standard
Reduce exposures
 Substitute less hazardous materials
 Establish proper work practices
 Prevent work-related illnesses and injuries
caused by chemicals

#4
Scope
Chemical manufacturers, importers - Assess
hazards of chemicals
 Distributors - Transmit required information
to employers
 Employers - Provide information to their
employees about the hazardous chemicals to
which they are exposed

#5
Related Regulations





#6
FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act) Pesticides
TSCA (Toxic Substance Control Act) - Toxic Substances
FFDCA (Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act), VirusSerum Toxin Act of 1913 - Food, food additives, color
additives, drugs, cosmetics, or medical or veterinary devices
or products, including ingredients in such products (e.g.,
flavors, fragrances)
Federal Alcohol Administration Act - Distilled Spirits
SWDA (Solid Waste Disposal Act) - Hazardous Waste
Related Regulations (Contd.)



#7
Consumer Product Safety Act and Federal Hazardous
Substances Act - Consumer Products or Hazardous
Substances
Federal Seed Act - Agricultural or Vegetable Seeds Treated
with Pesticides
CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act) - Hazardous Substances
Hazard Communication:
Program Elements
Written Program
 Hazardous Chemical
Inventory
 Training
 Labeling

#8
MSDS (Material
Safety Data Sheet)
Documentation
 Program
Maintenance

Written Program



#9
Insert date of facility
written program
Insert how to obtain
copies of the written
program
Insert who to contact to
propose changes to the
written program

Hazardous Chemicals
Brought on Site By
Contractors, etc.
» Contracts require
submission of MSDSs
» Insert facility contact
Hazardous Chemical Inventory

A list of hazardous chemicals known to be
present
» May be compiled for the workplace as a whole or
for individual work areas
» Identified in accordance with appropriate MSDS

# 10
Required to be part of the written program
Training

Initial assignment
» By chemical (if few chemicals are used)
» By hazard (if many chemicals are used)

# 11
Whenever a new HAZARD is introduced
Labeling

Requirements
» Each container must be
labeled, tagged, or
marked
» Legible
» Prominently displayed
» Identity of chemical
» Appropriate hazard
warnings
# 12

Requirements (Contd.)
» Name and address of
chemical manufacturer,
importer, or other
responsible party

Voluntary
» Emergency telephone
numbers
» First aid procedures
» Leak and spill procedures
Labeling Exceptions


# 13
Portable containers into which hazardous chemicals
are transferred from labeled containers intended for
immediate use by employee who transfers chemicals
Drugs dispensed by pharmacy to healthcare provider
for direct administration to patient
Labeling NOT Required



# 14
Pesticides
Tobacco or tobacco
products
Food or alcoholic
beverages (sold, used,
or prepared in a retail
establishment)




Wood or wood products
Drugs or cosmetics
Ionizing and nonionizing radiation
Biological hazards
Labeling Systems

National Fire
Protection Association
(NFPA) - Fire
diamonds
»
»
»
»
Red - Fire Hazard
Blue - Health Hazard
Yellow - Reactivity
White - Special
information
» Higher the number, the
more hazardous the
chemical
# 15

Hazardous Materials
Identification System
(HMIS) - Rectangular
with horizontal strips
» Copyright of the National
Paint and Coating
Association
» Similar to NFPA
» White - Letters designate
personal protective
equipment (ppe)
Labeling Systems (Contd.)



# 16
Department of Transportation
Color-coded diamonds
» Red - Flammable liquid or gas
» Orange - Explosive
» Green - Compressed gas
» Black and white - Corrosive
» Yellow - Oxygen or oxidizer base
» Yellow and white - Radioactive
» White - Toxic or poison gas
Attached to hazardous materials
being shipped
Includes a four digit number (the
United Nations identification code)


American National
Standards Institute
(ANSI)
Upper Left Side
» DANGER
» WARNING
» CAUTION
Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDSs)
Manufacturers and importers must obtain or
develop an MSDS for each hazardous
chemical they produce or import
 Employers shall have an MSDS in the
workplace for each hazardous chemical which
they use (29 CFR 1910.1200(g))

# 17
MSDSs (Contd.)

General Information
» Name of chemical
» Name and address of
manufacturer
» Emergency telephone
number
» Date of preparation and
review
# 18

Ingredients
» Listed by percentage of
content
» OSHA permissible
exposure limit
» ACGIH threshold limit
value
» CAS Number
MSDSs (Contd.)

Physical/Chemical
Characteristics
» Appearance and odor
» Physical data

# 19
Disposal Data
Reactivity
» Conditions to avoid
» Materials to avoid

Fire and Explosion Hazard
Data
» Extinguishing media
» Physical data


Transportation Data
» DOT requirements
» Labeling for shipping

Label Data
» Signal word (e.g., Danger)
» Special precautions
MSDSs - Health Hazards


Routes of entry
Health hazards
» Acute
» Chronic



# 20
Carcinogenicity
Signs/symptoms of
overexposure
Emergency/first aid





Medical conditions
aggravated by exposure
Spill response
Waste disposal
Storage requirements
Other precautions
MSDSs - Control Measures


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
# 21
Respiratory Protection
Ventilation
Protective Gloves
Eye Protection
Other Protective
Equipment


Hygienic Work
Practices
Supplementary Safety
and Health Data
Other Considerations

# 22
Procedure to follow when
chemicals are delivered to
the facility and an MSDS is
not provided/available

Procedure to update the
facility’s list of chemicals
Laboratory Requirements




# 23
Labels on incoming containers of hazardous
chemicals must not be removed or defaced
MSDSs for hazardous chemicals must be maintained
MSDSs must be readily accessible to laboratory
employees during each workshift
Appropriate information and training must be
provided
General Preventive Actions

Specific Procedures
Implemented by Facility

» Work practices
» Emergency procedures
» PPE
» Facility procedure
» Methods to minimize exposure

# 24
Reduce the hazard,
substitute a less hazardous
chemical, if possible
Know emergency response
procedures
Preventive Actions (Contd.)

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
# 25
Know the chemical with
which you are working
Read the label before use
Review the MSDS
Obtain additional training
Use proper ventilation
Make sure fume hoods and
other safeguards are
operating properly
Wear appropriate PPE





Handle and dispose of
chemicals properly
Don’t smoke, drink, use
drugs, or cosmetics around
hazardous chemicals
Let other workers know
where you are/work as a
team
Consult employee health or
EAP, if symptoms develop
Practice good housekeeping
Spill Response Procedure


Attend to any medical emergencies
Isolate area
» Leave immediate area of spill
» Close windows and doors, if possible
» Warn others to stay out of area

Notify appropriate personnel
» Supervisors
» Safety professionals
# 26

Develop and implement specific
clean-up procedure
» Consult MSDS for spill
procedure, if necessary
» Put on appropriate PPE, if it
varies from that being worn
» Clean up spill and area in
accordance with facility and
manufacturer’s guidance
» Dispose of cleaning materials
properly
Emergency Response



# 27
Determine who notifies
emergency response
personnel
Sound Alarm
Move to a safe area

Assist the emergency
response personnel
» Provide any technical
information available
» Follow instructions
General First Aid Procedures


Promptly obtain medical
help for all medical
emergencies
Inhalation
» Move to fresh air
» If breathing has stopped, give
artificial respiration
» If breathing and pulse have
stopped, perform CPR - if
properly trained
» Provide oxygen
# 28

Skin
» Immediately flush exposed
skin with water
» Remove contaminated clothing
» Do NOT scrub exposed skin
» Do NOT apply ointments or
neutralizing solutions

Eyes - Immediately flush
exposed eye for 15 minutes
First Aid Procedures - Shock



# 29
Check for symptoms

» Clammy, pale skin
» Rapid, faint pulse
» Quick, irregular
breathing
» Weakness or nausea

Treat other injuries
If unconscious, place
victim on side

Keep victim quiet and
lying down - feet
slightly elevated
Cover with a blanket
Do NOT move victim
(unless absolutely
necessary), if there is
the potential for a neck
or spine injury
First Aid Procedures Ingestion

Give water, Do NOT induce
Vomiting

» Benzene
» Toluene
» Xylene
Give Water, Induce
Vomiting
»
»
»
»

Acetone
Formaldehyde
Freon
Phenol
Give Salt Water, Induce
Vomiting
» Chloroform
» Methyl alcohol
» Trichloroethylene
# 30
Obtain Medical Aid


Provide First Aid - Do
NOT leave injured
employee alone
Contact Employee
Health Personnel
» Insert Telephone Number
» Insert Room Number

Give Water, Induce
Vomiting
»
»
»
»

Acetone
Formaldehyde
Freon
Phenol
Give Salt Water, Induce
Vomiting
» Chloroform
» Methyl alcohol
» Trichloroethylene
# 31
Hazardous Chemical

Any chemical that is a physical hazard or a
health hazard
» A hazard is an inherent property
of a chemical and exists no matter
what quantity of the chemical is present
# 32
Physical Hazards


Combustible liquids
Flammables
»
»
»
»


# 33
Liquids
Aerosols
Gases
Solids
Explosives
Pyrophorics

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Compressed gases
Organic peroxides
Oxidizers
Unstable (reactive)
Water-reactive
Combustible and Flammable Liquids

Combustibles (flashpoint at
or above 100° F)
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
# 34
Acetic Acid Glacial
Formalin (with Methanol)
Formaldehyde (37% solution)
Hydraulic fluid
Kerosene (Fuel Oil No. 1)
Linseed Oil
Mineral Oil
Transformer Oil

Flammables (flashpoint less
than 100° F)
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
Acetone
Carbon Disulfide
Ethylene Oxide
Ethyl Ether
Isopropyl Alcohol
Methyl Ethyl Ether
Toluene
Turpentine
Xylene
Isopropyl Alcohol

General Information

» Quantity - Not identified

# 35
» Extinguishing agents
– Alcohol foam
– Dry chemical
– Carbon dioxide
Physical/Chemical
Characteristics
» Colorless liquid
» Slight odor of rubbing alcohol
Fire and Explosion Hazard
– Water may be ineffective

Reactivity - Stable
Isopropyl Alcohol (Contd.)

Health Hazard Data
» Carcinogenic - No
» Target Organs
–
–
–
–

Eyes
Skin
Respiratory System
Central Nervous System
(Ingestion)
Levels NOT to be exceeded
» 400 ppm (8 hours)
» 500 ppm (15 minutes)
# 36

Effects of Overexposure
» Inhalation
–
–
–
–
Nausea/Vomiting
Dizziness
Drowsiness
Irritation of Respiratory
Tract
– Pulmonary Edema
– Loss of Consciousness
» Skin - Dermatitis
» Eye - Temporary Corneal
Damage
Isopropyl Alcohol (Contd.)

Protective Equipment
» Ventilation - General or local
exhaust
» Respiratory Protection Chemical cartridge respirator
with organic vapor cartridge
» Eye/Skin Protection - Safety
goggles, uniform, apron,
neoprene gloves
# 37

First Aid
» Eyes - Flush with water for 15
minutes
» Skin - Flush
» Ingested - do not induce
vomiting
» Inhalation
– Remove to fresh air
– If not breathing, give
artificial respiration
– If breathing is difficult,
give oxygen
Isopropyl Alcohol (Contd.)

Storage and Handling
» Bond/ground containers when
transferring liquid
» Keep container tightly closed
» Store in cool, dry, wellventilated flammable liquid
storage area

Disposal Procedure
» In accordance with Federal,
state, and local environmental
regulations
# 38

Spill Procedures
» Wear suitable protective
clothing
» Shut off ignition sources
» No flares, smoking, etc.
» Stop leak if possible
» Use water spray to reduce
vapors
» Take up with sand or other
non-combustible absorbent
material
» Flush area with water
Preventive Actions





# 39
Reduce the hazard,
substitute a less flammable
liquid, if possible
Store properly
Use proper ventilation
Eliminate possible sources
of ignition
Dispose of properly



Know proper extinguishing
methods
Know emergency response
procedures
Personal Protection
»
»
»
»
Avoid skin contact
Don’t breathe the vapors
Protect your eyes
Do NOT eat, drink, etc. in
areas where hazardous
chemicals are used
Storage of Combustible and
Flammable Liquids


# 40
Healthcare: 360 gallons
in flammable liquid
storage cabinets
Health-related Labs:
Outside approved
storage cabinets 10 gallons


Industrial: 480 gallons
in flammable liquid
storage cabinets, if
proper separation
provided
Offices: Prohibited,
except for maintenance
and operation needs
Proper Storage

Containers
» Must be approved
» Individual capacity
cannot exceed 60 gallons
» Construction
– One gallon or less Original container or
metal safety can
– More than one gallon Metal safety can
# 41

Storage Cabinets
» Labeled: FLAMMABLE
- KEEP FIRE AWAY
Flammables

Aerosols
» Spray paint cans

Gases
» Acetylene

Solids
» Zinc

Personal Protection
» Avoid skin contact
» Don’t breathe the vapors
» Protect your eyes
# 43

Preventive Actions
» Reduce the hazard, substitute a
less flammable chemical, if
possible
» Store and dispose of properly
» Use proper ventilation
» Eliminate possible sources of
ignition
» Know proper extinguishing
methods and emergency
response procedures
Flammable Aerosols - Spray Paint

General Information
» Krylon Spray Paint
» Carcinogen - No
» Spray can burns like
blowtorch
» Contains
– Propane/Isobutane
– Hexane/Heptane
– Toluene
– Naphtha
# 44

Hazards
» Eyes - Irritation
» Inhalation
– Dizziness
– Confusion
– Weakness
» Fire
– Can burst violently in a
fire
– Releases toxic and
irritating compounds, if
burned
Flammable Gas - Acetylene

General Information
» Acetylene Oxygen Co.
» Colorless gas
» Distinctive garlic-like
odor

Health Hazards
» Flammable Gas
» Can act as asphyxiant
» Symptoms - Dizziness and
Loss of Consciousness
# 45

Specific Guidance
» Store cylinders upright
» Do NOT store near oxygen
» Cylinders can rupture violently
if not kept cool
» Under pressure can explode
even without air or oxygen
» Can accumulate in confined
spaces (lighter than air)
» Several fatalities occurred
when used to fill balloons or
plastic bags (“playing”)
Flammable Solid - Zinc

General Information
»
»
»
»
Fisher Scientific
Odorless
Blue solid
Powder or liquid is pyrophoric

Health Hazards
» Eyes - Mechanical irritation
» Skin - Irritation, dermatitis
» Ingestion
– Liver damage
– Perforation of digestive tract
– Severe pain, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, and
shock
» Inhalation - Metal fume fever
# 46
Explosives and Pyrophorics

Explosive
» Picric acid
# 47

Pyrophoric
» Magnesium diamide
Prevention of Explosive and
Pyrophoric Hazards




# 48
Minimize amounts used
Store properly
Follow proper
procedures
Shields, barricades, and
guards should be used


Wear proper protective
gloves and clothing
Do not drop or shake
Explosive - Picric Acid

General Information
»
»
»
»
»
Fisher Scientific
Yellow in color
Odor - Not available
Flammable solid
Shock sensitive and thermally
unstable

Health Hazards
» Eye - Irritation, conjunctivitis
» Skin - Irritation, dermatitis,
sensitization, destruction, and
ulceration
» Ingestion
– Kidney damage
– Acute hepatitis
– Gastrointestinal irritation
with nausea, vomiting, and
diarrhea
» Inhalation - Respiratory tract
irritation, kidney damage
# 49
Compressed Gases

Examples
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
# 50
Oxygen
Nitrous oxide
Ethylene oxide
Acetylene
Propane
Helium
Hydrogen
Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Preventive Actions
» Store and use properly
» Secure cylinders in
accordance with
manufacturer’s guidance
and facility policy
» Use carts, hand trucks,
and other devices to move
Compressed Gas - Oxygen

General Information
» Air Products and
Chemicals
» Carcinogen - NO
» Colorless and odorless
» Supports and vigorously
accelerates combustion
» Nontoxic under most
conditions
» Necessary to support life
# 51

Precautions
» Store cylinders in well
ventilated areas
» Do NOT store near
flammable/combustible
materials
» Do NOT store in heavy traffic
areas
» Valve caps should remain on
when not connected
» Never lubricate valves/caps
Organic Peroxide

Types of compounds known
to form peroxides
» Aldehydes
» Ethers
» Compounds containing
benzylic hydrogen atoms
» Compounds containing the
allylic structure, including
most alkenes
» Vinyl and vinylidene
compounds (vinyl acetate and
vinylidene chloride)
# 52

Specific chemicals that can
form dangerous concentrations
of peroxides on exposure to air
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
Cyclohexene
Cyclooctene
Decalin (decahydronaphthalene)
p-Dioxane
Diethyl ether
Diisopropyl ether
Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
Tetralin (tetrahydronaphthalene)
Prevention of Hazards Associated with
Organic Peroxides





# 53
Minimize the amount of organic
peroxides used
Unused peroxides should not be
returned to the original container
Use ceramic or wooden spatulas,
NOT metal ones
Smoking, open flames, and heat
should NOT be permitted near
organic peroxides
Clean up spills immediately
(vermiculite can absorb
solutions)




Friction, grinding, and all forms of
impact should be avoided near
peroxides (especially solids)
Use polyethylene bottles with screwcaps, NOT glass bottles with screwcap lids or glass stoppers
Store at lowest possible temperature
consistent with solubility or freezing
point
Dispose of properly
Organic Peroxide - Ethyl Ether

General Information
»
»
»
»
»
Fisher Scientific
Carcinogen - No
Color - Not available
Sweet, aromatic odor
Vapors may form
explosive mixture with air
» Not stable during routine
use and handling
# 54

Health Hazards
» Eyes - Irritation
» Skin - Irritation, burns, defatting,
dermatitis
» Ingestion - Central nervous system
depression, chemical pneumonitis
(may be fatal)
» Inhalation - Respiratory tract
irritation, seizures, blood
abnormalities
» Psychic abnormalities - anxiety,
depression, excitability (chronic
exposure)
Organic Peroxide - Isopropyl Ether

General Information
»
»
»
»
»
# 55
Fisher Scientific
Carcinogen - No
Clear, colorless liquid
Ethereal odor
Explosive peroxides may form
on concentration

Health Hazards
» Eyes - Mild irritation
» Skin - Irritation, defatting,
dermatitis
» Ingestion - Digestive tract
irritation, central nervous system
depression, respiratory failure
(fatal)
» Inhalation - Respiratory tract
irritation, headache, dizziness,
unconsciousness, coma
Oxidizers

Examples
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
# 56
Chlorine
Calcium hypochlorite
Chromic acid
Oxygen (Gaseous)
Perchloric acid
Fluorine
Iodine
Hydrogen peroxide (3 to 90 %)

Preventive Actions
» Store in well ventilated areas
» Keep chemicals as cool as possible
» Store and use in glass or other inert
containers (preferably unbreakable)
» Do not use corks or rubber stoppers
with oxidizers
» Reaction vessels containing
oxidizers should be heated using
fiberglass mantles or sand baths
Oxidizer - Chlorine

General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Pale yellow liquid
» Distinct odor

# 57
Do NOT induce
vomiting - Give milk or
water

Health Hazards
» Eyes - Irreversible eye injury,
conjunctivitis
» Skin - Severe burns and
ulceration, dermatitis
» Ingestion - Severe digestive
tract burns
» Inhalation - Severe irritation
» Teeth - Erosion (chronic)
Unstable (reactive)

Acrolein-Acrylonitrile

Preventive Actions
» Refrigerate
» Use immediately
# 58
Water-reactive

Examples
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
# 59
Carbon tetrafluoride
Iodine chloride
Lithium
Potassium
Sodium metal
Sodium hydride
Sulfamic acid

Preventive Actions
» Avoid contact with water or
other liquids
Water-reactive - Sulfamic Acid

General Information
»
»
»
»
# 60
Fisher Scientific
Carcinogen - No
White solid
Odor - Not available

Health Hazards
» Eyes - Severe irritation, burns
» Skin - Irritation, possible burns, if
skin wet
» Ingestion - Severe irritation
gastrointestinal tract, nausea,
vomiting, possible burns
» Inhalation - Respiratory tract
irritation, burning pain in nose and
throat, coughing, shortness of
breath, pulmonary edema
Health Hazards








# 61
Carcinogens
Toxic agents
Highly toxic agents
Reproductive toxins
Irritants
Corrosives
Sensitizers
Hepatotoxins (Liver)






Nephrotoxins (Kidneys)
Neurotoxins (Nervous System)
Agents which damage the
lungs, pulmonary system
Agents that act on the
hematopietic (blood) system
Cutaneous hazards
Eye hazards
Multiple Health Hazards
Chemical
# 62
Kidney
Liver
Central
Nervous
System
Acetone
X
X
X
X
Ammonia
X
X
X
X
Ethylene
Glycol
Lead
X
X
X
X
X
X
Sulfuric
Acid
X
X
X
X
X
Reproductive Pulmonary
System
System
Skin
X
Carcinogens

Examples
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
# 63
Asbestos
Chlordane
Chloroform
DDT
Dioxane
Formaldehyde
Saccharin
Soot
Toluene
Urethane
Vinyl chloride

Preventive Actions
» If synergistic, do NOT smoke,
drink, use drugs
» Specialized medical testing for the
exposure as part of medical
surveillance provided by facility
Carcinogen - Chloroform

General Information
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# 64
Fisher Scientific
Carcinogen - Potential
Clear, colorless liquid
Sweet odor
Toxicity increased by alcohol,
steroids, and ketones
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Health Hazards
» Eyes - Irreversible eye damage
(vapors or liquid)
» Skin - Burning, itching, redness,
dermatitis
» Ingestion - Chemical pneumonitis
(fatal)
» Inhalation - Depression of central
nervous system, kidney and liver
damage
» Adverse reproductive and fetal
effects
Toxic and Highly Toxic Agents

Toxic Agents
» Orally
– Acrylamide
– Barium
– Isopropyl Ether
» Continuous Contact
– Dioxane
– Ethylene Dibromide
– Hydrazine
» Continuous Inhalation
– Chlorine
– Phenol
– Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide
# 65
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Highly Toxic Agents
» Orally
– Hydrogen cyanide
– Sodium azide
– Sodium cyanide
» Continuous Contact
– None identified
» Continuous Inhalation
– Hydrogen cyanide
– Hydrogen sulfide
– Phosgene
Highly Toxic (Oral) - Sodium Cyanide
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General Information
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Fisher Scientific
Carcinogen - No
White solid
Slightly bitter-almond odor when
moist
» Must have cyanide antidote kit
available
» Wash thoroughly after
handling/before eating
# 66
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Health Hazards
» Eyes - Severe irritation, burns
» Skin - Severe irritation, burns,
absorbed through skin, dermatitis,
necrosis, ulceration
» Ingestion - Severe gastrointestinal tract
irritation (may be fatal), central
nervous system damage
» Inhalation - Severe respiratory tract
irritation, effects similar to ingestion
Reproductive Toxins
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# 67
Proven - Human Studies
» Anesthetic gases
» Lead
» Organic mercury
» Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs)
» Radiation
» Ribavirin
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Suspected - Human Studies
» Carbon monoxide
» Cytotoxic drugs
» Ethylene oxide
» Organic solvents
Suspected - Animal Studies
» Cadmium
» Organochlorine pesticides
Prevention of Reproductive Effects

Request to be assigned
to another area that
does not require
working with
reproductive toxins
» Verbally
» In writing
# 68
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Notify supervisor
Facility procedure to
resolve differences
Reproductive Toxins - Nitrous Oxide
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General Information
» Air Products and Chemicals
» Carcinogen - NO
» Appearance and odor Not
available
» Supports and accelerates
combustion of flammables
» Simple asphixiant
» Use safe handling procedures
for gas cylinders
# 69
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Health Hazards
» Eye/Skin - Contact with liquid or
cold gas causes cryogenic burns
» Inhalation
– Headache
– Nausea/Drowsiness
– Other signs of oxygen
starvation
– Hysteria (high concentrations,
short exposure)
– “Laughing gas” can be abused
Irritants and Corrosives
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Irritants
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# 70
Chloroform
Formaldehyde
Freon
Glutaraldehyde
Hydrogen peroxide
Iodine
Isopropyl alcohol
Toluene
Xylene
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Corrosives
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Acetic acid glacial
Ammonia
Chlorine
Fluorine
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen chloride
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
Corrosive - Ammonia

General Information
» Bower Ammonia and
Chemical
» Carcinogen - No
» Colorless liquid
» Pungent odor
» Wear goggles, if wearing
contact lenses
# 71
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Health Hazards
» Eyes - Irritation
» Skin - Burns
» Ingestion - Symptoms NOT
identified
» Inhalation
– Headache
– Coughing
– Severe lung congestion
Sensitizers
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Sensitizers
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# 72
Natural latex
Formaldehyde
Diazomethane
Chromium
Nickel
Bichromates
Isocyanates
Certain phenols
Methyl Methacrylate
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Preventive Actions
» Minimize exposure
» Substitute products that do not
contain sensitizers, if possible
» Wear appropriate hand protection
when contacting
» Wash thoroughly when task is
completed
» Minimize exposure to unknown
chemicals
Sensitizer - Formaldehyde

General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Carcinogen - Potential
» Appearance - Not
available
» Has caused adverse
reproductive and fetal
effects in animals
» Finger nail decay
# 73
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Health Hazards
» Eyes - Irritation
» Skin - Irritation, thickening,
sensitization, discoloration
» Ingestion - May be fatal, blindness
» Inhalation
– Effects central nervous system
– Asthmatic attacks due to allergic
sensitization
Sensitizer - Methyl Methacrylate
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General Information
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# 74
Fisher Scientific
Carcinogen - Yes
Colorless liquid
Sweet, sharp odor
Reproductive and fetal effects

Health Hazards
» Eyes - Severe irritation, burns
» Skin - Severe irritation,
sensitization, dermatitis,
destruction, ulceration
» Ingestion - Depression, kidney and
liver damage, gastrointestinal
irritation, allergic reaction
» Inhalation - Allergic respiratory
reaction, effects similar to ingestion
Hematopoietic Damage
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Hematopoietic Toxins
(Blood)
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# 75
Benzene
Carbon Monoxide
Ethylene oxide
Lead
Picric acid
Xylene
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Preventive Actions
Hematopoietic Toxin - Ethylene Oxide
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General Information
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3M
Carcinogen - Suspected
Colorless gas
Sweet odor
Will burn without
presence of air or other
oxidizers
» Do NOT incinerate
cartridges
# 76
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Health Hazards
» Eyes - Severe injury
» Skin - Irritation, dermatitis, and
chemical blisters
» Inhalation
– Respiratory tract irritation
– Cumulative lung, liver, and
kidney damage
– Mutagen/Suspect carcinogen
– Neurotoxic
Liver Damage
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Hepatotoxins
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# 77
Chloroform
DDT
p-Dichlorobenzene
Ethylene oxide
Inorganic arsenic
Phenol (hydroxybenzene)
Picric acid
Toluene
Xylene
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Preventive Actions
» Medical surveillance emphasizes
liver function
» Avoid activities known to damage
the liver (e.g., heavy drinking)
Hepatotoxin - Xylene
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General Information
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# 78
Fisher Scientific
Carcinogen - Yes
Clear, colorless liquid
Aromatic odor
Neurotoxic effects
include permanent brain
and nervous system
damage
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Health Hazards
» Eyes - Severe irritation
» Skin - Irritation, defatting,
dermatitis
» Ingestion - Central nervous system
damage, kidney and liver damage,
chemical pneumonitis (can be fatal)
» Inhalation - Respiratory tract
irritation, chemical pneumonitis,
pulmonary edema
Hepatotoxin - Xylene (Contd.)

General Information
» No manufacturer listed
» Emergency Telephone None
available
» Carcinogen » Colorless liquid
» Sweet, pleasant odor
» Ingestion or inhalation may be
fatal
» Chronic effects include kidney
and/or liver damage
# 79
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Health Hazards
» Eyes - Irritation
» Skin - Irritation
» Ingestion
– Gastro-intestinal irritation
– Blurred vision
– Lowering blood pressure
» Inhalation
– Respiratory tract irritation
– Narcosis
– Headache, nausea, etc.
Kidney Damage

Nephrotoxins
» Chemicals listed as
hepatotoxins
» Cadmium
» Turpentine
» Mercury
» Lead
# 80

Preventive Actions
» Medical surveillance emphasizes
kidney function
» Reduce the hazard, substitute a less
hazardous chemical, if possible
Nephrotoxin - Toluene
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General Information
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Fisher Scientific
Carcinogen - Yes
Colorless liquid
Sweetish, pleasant,
aromatic odor
» Causes adverse
reproductive and fetal
effects in animals
# 81

Health Hazards
» Eyes - Irritation (vapors), corneal
injury
» Skin - Irritation, dermatitis
» Ingestion - Digestive tract
irritation, chemical pneumonitis
(can be fatal)
» Inhalation
– Respiratory tract irritation
– Cardiac sensitization and severe
heart abnormalities
– Liver and kidney damage
Neurotoxins
(Nervous System Damage)
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Benzene
sec-Butyl alcohol
Carbon Monoxide
DDT
1,2-Dichloroethylene
Ethyl ether
Ethylene oxide
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# 82
Iodine
Lead
LPG
Methyl Methacrylate
Mercury
Propane
Toluene
Xylene
Neurotoxins - Acrylamide
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General Information
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# 83
Fisher Scientific
Carcinogen - Yes
White solid
Odorless

Health Hazards
» Eyes - Irritation, burns
» Skin - May be absorbed
through skin, sensitizer
» Ingestion - Nervous system
damage
» Inhalation - Respiratory tract
irritation
Pulmonary System Toxins
(Respiratory System Damage)
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# 84
Acetic acid*
Ammonia*
Asbestos*
Benzene
n-Butyl alcohol
Cadmium
Chlorine
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethylene
Ethyl acetate
Ethylene oxide*
Ethyl ether
Fluorine
Formaldehyde*
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Glutaraldehyde*
Hexane
Hydrogen peroxide
Inorganic Arsenic
Iodine
LPG
Isopropyl alcohol*
Methyl Methacrylate*
Mercury*
Nitric acid
Phosphoric acid
Portland cement*
Sulfuric acid
Toluene*
Respiratory Toxins Glutaraldehyde

General Information
» Fisher Scientific
» Carcinogen - No
» Colorless to light yellow
liquid
» Pungent, sharp odor
» Causes adverse
reproductive and fetal
effects in animals
# 85

Health Hazards
» Eyes - Severe irritation
» Skin - Sensitizer, dermatitis
» Ingestion - Digestive tract
irritation, hemorrhaging,
permanent damage to esophagus,
digestive tract
» Inhalation
– Respiratory tract irritation
– Asthmatic attacks
– Liver abnormalities
Cutaneous Hazards
(Skin Damage)
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# 86
Acetic acid*
Benzene
n-Butyl alcohol
Chloroform
DDT
p-Dichlorobenzene
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl Ether
Fluorine
Formaldehyde*
Freon*
Glutaraldehyde*
Hexane
Hydrogen peroxide
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Inorganic Arsenic
Iodine
Isopropyl alcohol*
Methyl Methacrylate
Mercury
Nitric acid
Phenol (hydroxybenzene)
Phosphoric acid
Picric acid
Portland cement*
Ribavirin*
Toluene
Sulfuric acid
Xylene
Prevention of Chemical Injuries to Skin
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Wear appropriate
protective clothing
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# 87
Gloves
Lab coat
Apron
Face Shield
Hood
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Remove protective clothing
properly
Dispose or launder protective
clothing properly
Thoroughly wash hands and
skin immediately after
completion of task
Cutaneous - Sulfuric Acid
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General Information
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Fisher Scientific
Carcinogen - Yes
Colorless liquid
Odorless
Remove contaminated clothing
immediately
» Emergency response time is of
the essence
» Get medical aid immediately
# 88
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Health Hazards
» Eyes - Severe burns, conjunctivitis,
irreversible injury
» Skin - Severe burns
» Ingestion - Chemical burns to
respiratory tract
» Inhalation - Chemical burns to
respiratory tract, nosebleeds,
perforation of nasal septum
» Teeth - Erosion
Eye Hazards
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# 89
Acetic acid*
Ammonia*
Benzene
n-Butyl alcohol
sec-Butyl alcohol
Chloroform
p-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichloroethylene
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Acetate
Ethylene oxide*
Freon*
Nitric acid
Formaldehyde*
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Glutaraldehyde*
Fluorine
Hexane
Hydrogen peroxide
Iodine
Isopropyl alcohol*
Methyl Methacrylate*
Mercury
Phosphoric acid
Picric acid
Portland cement
Ribavirin
Sulfuric acid
Xylene
Prevention of Chemical Injuries to Eyes

Wear appropriate eye
protection
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# 90
Safety glasses
Goggles
Face Shield
Hood
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Work near an eyewash
Make sure eyewash is
operational
Avoid working alone
Eye Hazard - Acetic Acid
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General Information
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Fisher Scientific
Carcinogen - No
Colorless liquid
Pungent, vinegar-like odor
Flush eyes for 15 minutes,
occasionally lifting the upper
and lower eyelids
» Get medical aid immediately
# 91
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Health Hazards
» Eyes - Severe irritation, irreversible
damage (vapors and liquid)
» Skin - Burns, dermatitis
» Ingestion - Severe pain, permanent
damage to digestive tract
» Inhalation - Chemical burns to
respiratory tract, chronic bronchitis
» Teeth - Erosion
Other Health Hazards

Teeth/Gums
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Cadmium
Carbon Monoxide
Chloroform
Freon
Iodine
Lymphatic System
» Inorganic Arsenic
# 92
Peripheral Nervous System
» DDT
» Freon
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Bones/Bone Marrow
» Benzene
» Cadmium
Cardiovascular System
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Acetic acid
Lead
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
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Gastrointestinal Tract
» Lead
» Xylene
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Mucous Membranes/Throat
» Glutaraldehyde
» Methyl Methacrylate
Hazardous Pharmaceuticals
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# 93
If an MSDS cannot be obtained, the facility
must document the efforts to obtain the MSDS
Detecting Effects of
Hazardous Chemicals

Monitoring
» Conducted periodically
» Continuous monitoring
devices
» Visual appearance
» Odor
# 94
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Documentation
» Exposure records
» Medical records
Program Maintenance
Safety committee reviews - Annually
 Safety office updates - As necessary

» Submit comments to (insert)
» Revised as necessary
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# 95
List - Other facility procedures
Exposure of Family Members

Contaminants can cause health
effects among worker’s families
» Arsenic
» Asbestos
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# 96
Asthmagens and allergens
Cadmium
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
Fibrous glass
Infectious agents
Lead
Mercury
Pesticides

Preventive actions
» Reduce exposure - Use good
safety practices
» Leave soiled clothes at work
» Store work clothes away from
nonwork clothes
» Change work clothes before
leaving work
» Launder work clothes separately
» Shower before leaving work, if
possible
» Do not take tools, scrap,
packaging, etc. home
CHEMTREC
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# 97
Emergency Telephone
800-424-9300
Spill control and fire
fighting information
Emergency medical
treatment information
Manufacturer, shipper,
carrier contact
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Chemical information
from data base of 1.5
million MSDSs
Non-emergency
inquires (9 a.m. - 6 p.m.
EST) 800-262-8200
Summary
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# 98
Review facility’s written
program and inventory
Review health hazard
information periodically
Ensure fume hoods and
storage areas are effective
Wear appropriate PPE
Reduce the hazard,
substitute a less hazardous
chemical, if possible
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Read label and MSDS, be
able to quickly locate
Follow manufacturer’s
guidance for chemical
Handle and dispose of
chemicals properly
Store chemicals properly
Assure safety committee
effectively addresses
chemical hazards and
hazard communication
requirements
Summary (Contd.)
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# 99
Chemicals may have
multiple health hazards and
can be synergistic
Review personal
monitoring and medical
records periodically
Visit employee health and
employee assistance
personnel, when necessary
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Know facility emergency
response procedures
Know facility policies
concerning re-assignment
Do not inadvertently expose
your family to workplace
chemicals
Walk Around Portion of Training

Flammable Liquid
Storage
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# 100
Storage Cabinet
Inside Storage Room
Cut Off Room
Outside Storage Area
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Emergency Shower
Emergency Eye Wash
Proper storage of
compressed gas
cylinders
Ventilation - Fume
Hoods