Chapter 18
Temperature and pressure
-Kinetic Energy in the Ocean
- Temperature variatons in the ocean
- Pressure underwater
- Osmotic pressure and aquatic adaptation
K.E> and heat in the Ocean
 K.E.- Energy of movement/motion
 Specific heat: the amount of ________________ it takes to
raise the ___________ of a gram of a substance 1° C
 Specific heat of: Water____ Water Vapor ____ Ice ___
 What is a calorie used to measure?
 How many calories are gained/lost when water converts
from: liquid to gas___ (vaoprization) , liquid to solid ____
(fusion) solid to liquid___ (melting)
 Water exists in all three phases of matter in the ocean
 Sea ice vs. Icebergs: What is the difference? ____________
Variation in Ocean Temperature
 What happens at the thermocline? _________
 What effect does lower temperature have on metabolic
rate? _________________
 How have icefish adapted to life in polar waters?
 How have marine mammals adapted to living in cold
waters?
 What are the characteristics of hypothermia? How does
the human body stave off this condition?
Pressure in the Water
 How is pressure: 1) defined 2) calculated 3) measured
(in units)
 Total pressure on an underwater organism(ambient
pressure)= _________ pressure + ________ pressure
 What is the rate of pressure increase when diving
underwater ? Every 10m = ____kPA of hydrostatic
pressure
 Barotrauma: What are some 1) injuries upon ascent 2)
Injuries upon descent. What is an air embolism?
Osmotic Pressure and Aquatic
Adaption
Inward vs. outward osmosis: Water flows from higher
concentration to lower concentration.
What would happen if a salt water fish is placed in fresh
water? ______________
What makes a good osmoregulator? Why do salmon have to
be good osmoregulators?
Short answer question: What adaptations have organisms
developed to live at i) high pressure ii) low temperatures?
Give as many examples as you can; be detailed.