MARRIAGE OF ECONOMICS
AND GEOGRAPHY
IMMIGRATION, PLACES,
PRODUCTION
Geography End of Course
• For more information, please see…
• http://www.tea.state.tx.us/student.as
sessment/staar/
PLACES AND PRODUCTION
SOURCE: GEOGRAPHY
FOCUS ON ECONOMICS
PRESENTER
• LAURA EWING
• TEXAS COUNCIL ON ECONOMIC
EDUCATION
• 1801 ALLEN PARKWAY
HOUSTON 77019
• LAURA@ECONOMICSTEXAS.ORG
• WWW.ECONOMICSTEXAS.ORG
WHAT DO THESE MEAN?
GDP
GNP
DEFINITIONS
• GDP: THE TOTAL MARKET VALUE OF
ALL FINAL GOODS AND SERVICES
PRODUCED IN AN ECONOMY IN A
GIVEN YEAR.
• GNP: THE TOTAL MARKET VALUE OF
ALL FINAL GOODS AND SERVICES
PRODUCED BY AN ECONOMY IN A
GIVEN YEAR
WHY FINAL VALUE?
• VALUE OF SUGAR, FLOUR, EGGS
• VALUE OF FINISHED PRODUCT:
COOKIES
• WHY?
WHICH COUNTRY IS RICHER?
• COUNTRY A GDP
$100,000,000
• COUNTRY B GDP
$200,000,000
WHICH COUNTRY IS RICHER?
GDP
• COUNTRY A $100,000,000
• COUNTRY B $200,000,000
POPULATION
• COUNTRY A = 1,000,000 PEOPLE
• COUNTRY B = 3,000,000 PEOPLE
PER CAPITA GDP
• THE TOTAL MARKET VALUE PER
PERSON OF ALL FINAL GOODS AND
SERVICES PRODUCED IN AN ECONOMY
IN A GIVEN YEAR.
•
ACTIVITY 1: GDP
• PLEASE READ THE ARTICLE
• WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF GDP
HERE?
• WHAT ROLE DOES MEASURE OF VALUE
PLAY?
• WHAT IS DOUBLE COUNTING?
• WHAT ARE FLOW OF PRODUCT
APPROACH AND EARNINGS AND COST
APPROACH?
GDP
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
GDP = C + I + G + (X-M)
C = CONSUMERS
I = INVESTMENTS
G = GOVERNMENT
EXPORTS = EXPORTS – IMPORTS
U. S. POPULATION IN 1993 = $24,683
WHAT DOES GDP NOT TELL US?
WHAT IS A CHOROPLETH
MAP? ACTIVITY 2
WHAT ARE THE
CHARACTERISTICS?
SOUTH AMERICAN MAP
• THE GDP PER CAPITA OF CANADA IS
BETWEEN $_____ AND $_____.
• FOUR COUNTRIES WITH GDP PER
CAPITA BETWEEN $15,000 AND
$19,999 ARE:
• THE NATIONS OF SOUTH AMERICA
HAVE GDP PER CAPITA BETWEEN $___
AND $___.
HOW WOULD YOU SET UP A
• CHOROPLETH MAP OF SOUTH
AMERICA? PAGES 58 AND 59
• ENRICHMENT: CHOOSE A COUNTRY
WITH A LOW GDP AND ONE WITH A
HIGH GDP. SET UP A CHOROPLETH
MAP TO SHOW THE DIFFERENCE.
ALSO, VISUALLY DEPICT THE CAUSES
OF THESE DIFFERENCES.
Push and Pull Factors
PUSH
Costs of present location
that drive people away
PULL
Benefits of new location
because it has
advantages
“In 2002 the United Nations estimated that around
175 million people, or about 3% of the world’s
population, resided in a country different from their
country of birth.”
THE ECONOMICS OF
IMMIGRATION
• EXAMINE AN ECONOMIC MYSTERY AS
TO WHY SWEDISH FARMERS MIGHT
HAVE COME TO THE U.S. IN 1880
• STUDY VISUALS TO DETERMINE YOUR
ANSWER
• USE SUPPLY AND DEMAND ANALYSIS
TO EXPLAIN WHY THE KING TRIED TO
CONVINCE THEM TO RETURN
DISCUSS VISUAL I
• WHY DO YOU THINK SWEDISH
IMMIGRANTS WOULD ABANDON THEIR
LANDS IN SWEDEN TO COME TO THE U.S.
IN LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY?
• CHOICES BASED ON:
– MOST ADVANTAGEOUS COMBINATION OF
COSTS AND BENEFITS
– PEOPLE RESPOND TO INCENTIVES IN
PREDICTABLE WAYS
– RULE OF THE ECO SYSTEM AND THEIR
INFLUENCE ON CHOICES AND INCENTIVES
VISUAL TWO
• REVIEW THE STATISTICS
• ESTIMATE HOW MANY IMMIGRANTS
ARRIVED IN THE U.S. BETWEEN 18711920. WHAT HAPPENED IN THE
1870’S AND 1880’S AND 1916-1920
THAT HAD AN IMPACT ON
IMMIGRATION?
REMINDERS
• THE MARKETS ALLOCATE SCARCE
RESOURCES. WHAT ARE THE SCARCE
RESOURCES HERE?
• WHAT ROLE DO IMMIGRANTS PLAY?
• WHAT ROLE DO EMPLOYERS PLAY?
VISUAL TWO: MIGRATION TO
THE UNITED STATES
• WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN PUSH FACTORS?
• WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN PULL FACTORS?
• WHAT WERE THE EXPECTED BENEFITS
AND COSTS FOR THE SWEDISH FARMERS?
• IF YOU HAD LIVED THEN, WOULD YOU
HAVE MIGRATED TO THE U.S? EXPLAIN.
WHAT CAUSED A
RETURN TO SWEDEN?
• WHY WOULD SUCCESSFUL SWEDISH
FARMERS DECIDE TO RETURN TO
SWEDEN?
• VIEW VISUAL 3
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
CLOSURE
• IN WHAT WAYS CAN IMMIGRATION BE
VIEWED AS ACTION TAKING PLACE
WITHIN AN INTERNATIONAL MARKET
OF BUYERS AND SELLERS?
• WHY DID IMMIGRANTS COME TO THE
UNITED STATES?