Animal and Plant Cells
and organelles
road system
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
It is a network of membranes
throughout the cytoplasm of the cell.
There are two types.
This compares to highway or road
systems.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
When ribosomes are attached it is
called rough ER and smooth ER when
there are no ribosomes attached.
Smooth ER is also in the
detoxification of harmful substances
in the cell.
Mitochondria
This is the cell’s powerhouse.
This organelle packages the energy of the
food into ATP molecules.
This is comparable to an energy plant like
Georgia Power.
Mitochondria
There are more mitochondria in cells that
have to perform lots of work, for exampleyour leg muscle cells, heart muscle cells etc.
Other cells need less energy to do their work
and have less mitochondria.
waste disposal
Lysosomes
an organelle filled with
enzymes that can digest
organic compounds
This compares to waste
disposal or recycling
centers.
Lysosomes
These are created by the
Golgi apparatus, these help
break down large molecules
into smaller pieces that the
cell can use.
lawns and air
Cytoplasm
This surrounds the organelles
inside a cell.
It contains mostly water.
Air and lawns would be similar
to this in a city.
UPS or Post Office
Golgi bodies/apparatus/complex
a system of membranes which changes,
supports, and packages the proteins to
be stored in the cell or secreted out of
the cell
This equates to the Post Office or UPS or
FedEx.
This organelle was named after an Italian
physician-Camillo Golgi. He was the first
person to describe this organelle in the cell.
It is also the only organelle that is
capitalized.
Golgi bodies/apparatus/complex
It is an organelle in the cell that is
responsible for sorting and correctly
shipping the proteins produced in the ER.
Just like our postal packages which should
have a correct shipping address, the
proteins produced in the ER, should be
correctly sent to their respective address.
In the cell, shipping and sorting done by the
Golgi complex. It is a very important step in
protein synthesis. If the Golgi complex
makes a mistake in shipping the proteins to
the right address, certain functions in the
cell may stop.
Cytoplasm
Golgi bodies
Endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Cell
Membrane
Cytoplasm
Golgi bodies
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Mitochondria
ribosomes
Lysosomes
solar panels
Chloroplast
This is the cell organelle in which photosynthesis
takes place.
In this organelle the light energy of the sun is
converted into chemical energy.
They are found only in plant cells not animal
cells.
This would be equivalent to a solar energy
plant.
Chloroplast
The chemical energy that is produced by
chloroplasts is finally used to make
carbohydrates like starch, that get stored in the
plant.
Plant Cell
Chloroplast
water tower
Vacuole
a saclike structure that stores water
or wastes
Water towers would be the same type
of thing.
Vacuole
• Plant cells have what looks
like a very large empty
space in the middle. This
space is called the vacuole.
• Don't be fooled, the vacuole
contains large amounts of
water and stores other
important materials such as
sugars, ions and pigments.
blue prints
DNA
This contains all the information
for cells to live, perform their
functions and reproduce.
Blueprints of the city would be
similar to DNA.
The DNA of all cells is made up of
chromosomes.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
blue prints
chromosomes
These are structures in the
nucleus made of DNA.
They would be similar to rolled up
blueprints.
chromosomes
are make up of
DNA
DNA is
made
up of
genes.
DNA and
chromosomes
Nucleus
Nuclear
Membrane
Golgi bodies
Cytoplasm
Cell
Membrane
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Mitochondria
ribosomes
Lysosomes
Home Depot lumber yard
ribosomes
These are organelles that produce
proteins. Proteins are the building
blocks of cells.
A lumber or brick yard like Home
Depot or Lowe’s is the equivalent.
ribosomes
When ribosomes are attached it is
called rough ER and smooth ER when
there are no ribosomes attached.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is
where most protein synthesis occurs
in the cell. Proteins are the building
blocks of cells.
A lumber or brick yard like Home
Depot or Lowe’s is the equivalent.
City Hall
Nucleus
This is the control center of the
cell.
It is the largest organelle in the cell
and it contains the DNA of the cell.
This is like City Hall.
Nucleus
• Usually the easiest
organelle to see under a
microscope
• Cells with a nucleus
(plant cells and animal
cells) are called
eukaryotic and those
without a nucleus
(bacteria) are called
prokaryotic.
security guards at City Hall fence
Nuclear Membrane
The circles on the surface of the
nucleus are the nuclear pores.
These are where ribosomes, and
other materials move in and out of
the nucleus.
This is like the City Hall fence with
a security guard monitoring who
can go in and come out.
DNA and
chromosomes
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Nuclear
Membrane
Mitochondria
Cell
Membrane
DNA and
chromosomes
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nuclear
Membrane
Golgi bodies
Endoplasmic
reticulum
ribosomes
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Vacuole
Cell
Membrane
DNA and
chromosomes
Nucleus
Nuclear
Membrane
Golgi bodies
Cytoplasm
ribosomes
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Cell
Membrane
Lysosome
city wall
cell wall
• In addition to cell
membranes, plants
have cell ______.
• They provide
protection and
support for plants.
• This is the city wall
or border of
protection.
cell wall
• Unlike cell
membranes,
materials cannot get
through cell walls.
This would be a
problem for plant
cells if not for special
openings called
plasmodesmata.
cell wall
• These openings are
used to transport
materials between
plant cells because
the cell membranes
are able touch and
therefore exchange
needed materials.
DNA and
chromosomes
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nuclear
Membrane
Cell
Membrane
Mitochondria
Cell Wall
security guards at city wall
Cell Membrane
This controls what goes into
and out of a cell.
This would be like having
security guards at the city
limits to determine who can
come into and leave the city.
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell