Cell Organelles and their
Function
Division of Labor
Just as different
cells have
different jobs in
an organism –
different parts of
the cell have
different jobs
Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane
• Transports materials into and out of the cell
• Controls what goes in and out of the cell
• Gives the cell shape and holds the cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
• Clear jelly-like material between the nucleus
and the cell membrane that makes up most of
the cell
• Where other parts of the cell are found and
chemical reactions take place
Cell Organelles
• Organelle – A part of the cell that has a
particular job
• Organelles have
usually their own
membrane
Nucleus
• Controls the cell’s activities
• Contains the genetic material – DNA
• Enclosed by the nuclear membrane
Mitochondria
• Rod shaped structures that produce energy
from food that has been digested
• Convert energy into a form the cell can use to
do work
• Found in the cytoplasm, enclosed by a
membrane
• “Powerhouse” of the cell
Ribosomes
• Found in the cytoplasm - free or attached to
the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
• Where proteins are made
• Complex structures, not enclosed by a
membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Pathway that moves materials from one part
of the cell to another.
• Found in the cytoplasm
• 2 types:
- smooth (no ribosomes)- makes fats and
lipids; helps break down harmful substances
- rough – covered in ribosomes – makes
proteins
Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Body
• Found in the cytoplasm
• Packages and stores chemicals
• Sorts and ships cell products
Lysosome
• Found in the cytoplasm, enclosed by a
membrane
• Digestive sacs:
- digests food
- digests waste
- destroys worn out cell parts
- gets rid of bacteria
Chloroplasts
• Plants only
• Contain the green pigment chlorophyll that
traps energy from the sun that plants use to
make food
Cell Wall
• Only in Plants
• thick outer covering outside the cell
membrane
• It protects and supports the cell