BROWN ALGAE
Kingdom: Protista
Grouped under:
Stramenophila
(because they are aquatic)
EX: golden algae, diatoms ,
water molds.
Phylum: Phaeophyta
BROWN ALGAE:
• 1500 species multi-cellular Protista
• Are located in rocky shores in North America
SEA WEED
KELP
SAGRASSO WEED
STRUCTURE:
Usually in large kelp forest.
100 meters
Hold fast
Flattened blades
Stalks
NUTRITION AND REPRODUCTION:
The mode of nutrition is photosynthesis in order
to produce its own energy.
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Brown algae’s life cyle is alternated and reproduces Through What is known as
aleternation of generation. Which means
the plant alternates between sexual and
Asexual in genrations.
gametophyte: The gamete-bearing individual or phase
sporophyte: The spore-producing individual
Ecological Significance:
Besides food….
Serve as base of food web in
the ocean
Holds a lot of iodine
Used in commercial use
Provides home to many species in the sea
Cystoseira or
Cystoseira osmundacea
Kingdom:Protista
Phylum: Phaeophyta
Order: Fucales
Family: Cystoseiraceae
Found in temperate oceans
Pacific Mediterranean and Indian
Ocean. Autotroph. Provides Food
And Habitat to many.
Peacock's Tail or Padina pavonica
Kingdom:Protista
Phylum: Phaeophyta
Order: Dictyotales,
Family: Dictyotaceae
Found in tropical and temperate waters
worldwide. Autotroph. medicinal remedies and
several cosmetic solutions, can improve skin
tone and texture, reduce wrinkles, and support
bone and cartilage health.
Turbinaria Ornata
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Phaeophyta
Order: Fucales,
Family: Sargassaceae
Found in subtropical and tropical regions of the
Pacific and Indian Ocean. Can survive extreme
conditions. Found in clusters. Autotroph,strong
biotechnological potential
GOLDEN ALGAE
Kingdom: Protista
Grouped under:
Stramenophila
Phylum: Chrysophyta
(Categorized with Diatoms but
the difference is it holds yellow,
brown carotenoid and
Xanthophyll in pigment in
Chloroplast)
GOLDEN ALGAE:
Are unicelular protist. Ususally in colonies.
There are two tyes: freshwater chrysomonads
and marine silicomonads.
STRUCTURE:
Cell with two flagella's for locomotion.
Size of a human body cell.
NUTRITION AND REPRODUCTION:
Golden algae is photosynthetic,(autotroph) but
can change to a heterotroph if sunlight is low
feeding on Diatoms and Bacteria.
Reproduction of Golden Algae is through
asexual reproduction by cell division.
ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
Is known to kill fishes by the toxins that is
released(such as magnesium [Mg] and calcium [Ca]),
basically cutting the oxygen in gills. As well as plants
preventing enough sunlight to teach the plants.
But shown to have no harm toward wildlife and
humans.
Ochromonas
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Chrysophyta
Family: Ochromonadaceae
Freshwater.Have to unequal Flagellas.
Heterotrophic.
Dinobryon
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Chrysophyta
Order: Chromulinales
Family: Dinobryaceae
Can be found in both freshwater and salt.
Composed of cellulose. Grow in branch like
colonies. Reprouce asexually. Have an increase
diversity, increases vulnerability to disease or pest.
Diatoms
Structure
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Shape:
- Centric and Pennate
Centric may be circular, triangular, or
rectangular. Pennate diatoms are elongated.
Some diatoms link together to form chains or
aggregations of multiple individuals of the same
species.
Parts of organism:
- Made up of protoplasm which includes the cell’s nucleus,
chloroplasts, and
• oil globules.
• Single-celled
Diversity
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Kingdom- Protista
Grouped under: Stramenophila
Phylum: Bacillariophyta
Manufacture the carbohydrate chrysolaminarin, unique
double shells of silica, contain chlorophylls a and c.
Nutrients and Reproduction
• Most photosynthesize but the few that don’t
live on dissolved nutrients from rich organic
matter.
• Reproduce asexually and sexually. They can
divide by mitosis or produce and egg and
sperm through meiosis.
Ecological Significance
• Diatoms are estimated to be responsible for
20% to 25% of all the organic carbon fixation,
are major sources of atmospheric oxygen, and
are a major food source for aquatic
microorganisms and insect larva.
Water Molds
Structure
• Shape: Filamentous
• Single-celled
• The one’s that produce sexually have
specialized regions that produce specific male
or female parts.
Diversity
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Kingdom: Protista
Grouped under: Stramenophilla
Phyla: Oomycetes
Characteristics: Terrestrial and freshwater
Examples: water molds, rusts, and mildew
Nutrition and Reproduction
• They obtain energy by decomposing organic
materials.
• Reproduce asexually through spores which
may be of two types, pear-shaped with twp
apical whiplike structures (flagella) or kidneyshaped with two flagella on the concave side.
• Sexually, through fusion of gametes.
Ecological Significance
• Water molds play an important role in the
decomposition and recycling of decaying
matter.
• The Irish potato famine was caused by water
mold.
Choanflegellida
Are single-celled or can be
colonial, distinguished by a thin
protoplasmic collar at the
anterior end.
Contain a single emergent
flagellum surrounded by a
funnel-shaped, contractile
collar
Reproduce by simple cell
division
• Found in fresh water and Oceans.
• Microvilli, or slender fingerlike projections,
that surrounds the single flagellum by which
choanoflagellates both move and take in
food
• Choanoflagellates are almost identical in
shape and function with the spongethese
cells generate a current that draws water
and food particles through the body of a
sponge, and they filter out food particles
with their microvilli. Choanoflagellate-like
cells are also found in other animal phyla; in
organisms such as flatworms and rotifers, for
instance, choanoflagellate-like cells are
found in flame bulbs that act as excretory
organs
• best living examples of what the ancestor of
all metazoans may have looked like.
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Works Cited of Pictures
www.ashcreekimages.com
www.dreamstime.com
www.giapo.com
http://www.whateats.com/what-eats-kelp
http://www.greenguidespain.com/andalucia/2010/07/seaweed-the-next-biodiesel/
http://www.superstock.com/stock-photos-images/4201-19552
http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/ocean/02_ecosystems/02c2_algae.php
http://www.geog.utas.edu.au/kelpwatch/facts_b.html
http://medicinalherbinfo.org/herbs/Kelp.html
http://thekelpbed.com/about-2/
http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT311/Phaeophyta/PhaeophytaSexRepro2.htm
www.Deep-blue-water.com
http://wilderweb.wordpress.com/
http://lovingthebigisland.wordpress.com/2009/04/21/hidden-secrets-of-hawaii-the-golden-ponds-of-ke-awaiki/egolden-ponds-underwater-ii/
http://www.racerocks.com/racerock/tidepool/pool4/pool4.htm
http://lovingthebigisland.wordpress.com/2009/04/21/hidden-secrets-of-hawaii-the-golden-ponds-of-ke-awaiki/egolden-ponds-underwater/
http://www.art.com/products/p360636849-sa-i4010093/philip-sze-synura-is-a-chrysophyte-or-golden-brownalgae.htm
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/118225/view
http://www.trueknowledge.com/q/facts_about__golden_algae
http://aquaplant.tamu.edu/plant-identification/alphabetical-index/golden-alga/
http://micropolitan.org/photomicro/1/frame7.html
http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/water/environconcerns/hab/ga/workshop/where.phtml
http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/science-technology-briefs
http://mysteryoftheinquity.wordpress.com/2011/03/23/massive-death-connections-pt4/
• Bibliography
• Section B-Brown Algae . (2001). Retrieved Feburary 20, 2012, from Reef
Education Network:
http://www.reef.edu.au/asp_pages/secb.asp?FormNo=6
• Kelp. (2007, June 14). Retrieved feburary 20, 2012, from Biology Online :
http://www.biology-online.org/articles/kelp.html
• Albers, J. (n.d.). How Do Algae Reproduce? Retrieved feburary 20, 2012,
from EHow: http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4574307_algaereproduce.html
• Department, T. P. (n.d.). Biology of Golden Alga, Prymnesium parvum.
Retrieved feburary 20, 2012, from Texas Parks and Wildlife :
http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/water/environconcerns/hab/ga/bi
o.phtml
• Golden alga frequently asked questions. (n.d.). Retrieved feburary 20,
2012, from Arizona Game and Fish Department :
http://www.azgfd.gov/temp/golden_alga_faqs.shtml#8
• Johnson, R. &. (2002). Protists. In R. &. Johnson, Biology (pp. 704-709).
New York. NY: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
• Sandhyarani, N. (2011). Reproduction of Algea . Retrieved Feburary 20,
2012, from Buzzle.com: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/reproduction-inalgae.html