MODULE 1 - WASTE
STRATEGY PLANNING
DR DARREN PERRIN
MODULE OUTLINE
The aim / learning outcome of this module is to “Develop a
practical understanding of what a Waste Strategy is and
some of the key concepts, stages and tools required to
produce, deliver and review a waste strategy and plan for
future infrastructure.”
• What is a strategy and development stages
• What support tools are available to support the process
• Triangulated approach to waste and resource
management
• Key concepts of behaviour change
MODULE 1 - WASTE
STRATEGY PLANNING TRIANGULATION
DR DARREN PERRIN
WHAT IS WASTE?
•
A disregarded material which varies in terms of:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Material composition e.g. Paper, glass, metal, ..........
Size
Shape
Density
Proportion of biomass
Embodied energy e.g. GCV,
Chemical composition e.g. ash, chlorine.
Ability to cause harm?
“One persons rubbish is another persons resource”
“If you can’t measure it, you can’t ,manage it”
WHAT IS STRATEGIC WASTE
PLANNING?
A process of defining a strategy, or direction, and making
decisions on allocating resources to pursue this strategy,
including capital and people.
The approach can be summarised as:
• Vision: What/where do we want to be?
• Strategy: What is the plan to get there?
• Tactics: What are the specific actions we will take?
TRIANGULATED APPROACH?
POLICY AND DRIVERS
• Policy will drive or “force” change
• Implemented through
• Legislation
• Economic Instruments
• Voluntary Agreements
INFRASTRUCTURE
• Consider implications of strategy and infrastructure
needs
• Different infrastructure and interactions
• Collection
• Treatment and Disposal
• Alternate Waste Treatment (AWT)
• AWT not the answer, but possibly part of a strategic
solution
Avoid
AWT
Minimise
Recycle
INFRASTRUCTURE
• Range of waste technologies available
•
•
•
•
•
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Clean and Dirty MRF
MBT / BMT
MHT
Conventional Mass Burn Energy from Waste
Gasification
Pyrolois
Anaerobic Digestion / In-Vessel Composting
• Need to:
• Define the strategic purpose
• Consider the economic viability
• Consider the public perception
INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGIC PURPOSE
•
•
•
•
•
Align with your current / future strategy Vision and
Objectives?
Supports targets?
Relationship to existing infrastructure?
Affordability ?
Political acceptability / Community acceptance
INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGIC PURPOSE
•
•
•
•
•
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Reduce the mass and volume of waste?
Produce an end product:
• Quality Compost ?
• Recyclables ?
• High end value recyclables ?
Pre-treat the waste to produce a feedstock for another process?
• RDF ?
• SRF ?
Generate and export power or heat?
• Electricity?
• Heat / Steam ?
• Biogas ?
• Synagas ?
Stabilise the waste prior to disposal to landfill?
Maximise the life of landfill assets?
INFRASTRUCTURE –
ECONOMIC VIABILITY
Profit = Income ($) greater than Cost ($)
•
Variable Costs
• Staff Costs
• Maintenance and repair costs
• Utilities (Water, Gas, Electricity, Chemicals, Waste)
• Other variable charges ??
•
Affordability
• Self Funded
• PPP
• ?
INFRASTRUCTURE –
PUBLIC PERCEPTION
Perception.
“Members of the Dovesdale Action Group are opposed to the
plan amid fears of "toxic" waste and roads congestion”.
Dovesdale spokesman Stewart Weir said: "This is the first
public protest we will have staged against Scotgen's proposals
but there will be many more planned. We apologise in advance
for any inconvenience this demonstration may cause. But it will
be nothing compared to the damage done to this area should
this plant ever start operating, or should there ever be an
incident involving one of the vehicles transporting this
waste."
PERCEPTION IS EVERYTHING……..
Or
BEHAVIOURAL
• Engagement, information and education are central to
the successful implementation of a strategy
• Demonstrate to industry, commerce and the public the
value and benefit of recycling i.e. why recycle? Or a
AWT technology solution
• Behavioural change a key factor in achieving desired
outcome
BEHAVIOUR CHANGE
• 3 complementary approaches
• Change by:
•
•
•
Managing supply (providing infrastructure)
Managing demand (someone tells us to change)
Voluntary behaviour change (helping people to help
themselves)
THE IMPORTANCE OF
COMMUNICATION ?
• Exercise – ‘Copy Me’ - 10 mins
1. Back to back - One way instruction – 4 mins
2. Back to back - Two way communication – 3 mins
3. Side by side - Work together – 2 mins
THE IMPORTANCE OF
COMMUNICATION ?
• Empowering people – making them feel that they can
make a difference
• Reduces opposition to new or different service
• Can increase how many people use system and how
well they use it
• Uses local knowledge and expertise
• Early identification of local issues/grievances
• Two way communication
RECYCLING SPECTRUM
Will never
recycle
Don't Recycle or
Recycle ineffectively
Do Recycle as
effecively as posisble
Will always
recycle
POSSIBLE BARRIERS TO
RECYCLING
•
Unsure of collection day and forget to put it out
•
Don’t understand which materials to recycle
•
Recycling bin too full
•
Different container returned
•
Have not got time
•
Storage
•
Lack of appreciation for recycling
•
Too difficult
•
Don’t want to clean things
•
Not my problem / lack of ownership
POSSIBLE MOTIVATORS
• Convenience
• Financial Incentives
• Being appreciated
• Understand the benefits of recycling and composting
• Contribution to environmental improvement
• Peer pressure
CHANGING VALUES AND
HABITS
People at different stages of thought depending on subject:
Message Types
Pre-contemplation
Knowledge
Values
Contemplation
Motivation
Ready for action
Instruction
Habit
Action
Reinforcement
Maintenance
Different approaches may be required for each step
INTERACTIVE METHODS
“Tell me, and I’ll forget. Show me, and I may
not remember. Involve me, and I’ll
understand.”
RELIABLE DATA
• Waste data is the starting point for the development
of appropriate strategies to deliver waste services
and infrastructure
• Informs performance and compliance monitoring /
reporting
• Reduces risk, increases certainty
• Important to understand waste composition and
waste generation rates
• Has to be fit for purpose
•
“If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it”
MODULE 1 - WASTE
STRATEGY PLANNING PROCESS
DR DARREN PERRIN
IMPACT TO OPPORTUNITY
Reducing Harm on Public
Health and Environment
Assess Operations
Record Waste
Generation and
Destinations
Identify Hazard and
Assess Risk
Waste Management Plan
Strategic
Waste
Planning
KEY POINTS TO CONSIDER......
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Clear “Vision”
Data
Resources
Political Support
Partnerships and networks
Identification of Stakeholders & Consultation
Risk assessments
Drivers (cost, social, environmental, compliance)
Timing
Links to other plans
EXAMPLE WASTE STRATEGY STRUCTURE
NEEDS TO “KNIT” TOGETHER
Define Vision Statement
Identify key targets that will measure if this “Vision” is being achieved
Identify themes which reflect the strategic purpose and direction
Set objectives under each “theme”; the actions required to achieve the
objective and KPI’s / targets that measure if the actions/objectives have
been achieved
DEFINING THEMES
STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
SMART
objectives
STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
[insert name] Regional waste strategy (2013–21)
Version / Date :
Approved by :
[insert vision statement]
Theme
Objective
Theme 1 e.g.
Avoidance and
waste reduction
1.1
1.2
Target
e.g. To reduce
waste generation to
450 kg /capita by
2021
[insert rows for as
many objectives as
required]
1.1.1
e.g. Achieve waste generation levels of
525 kg / capita by 2015
1.1.2
e.g. Achieve waste generation levels of
500 kg / capita by 2017
1.1.3
e.g. Achieve waste generation levels of
475 kg / capita by 2019
1.2.1
[insert rows for as many targets as required]
1.2.2
1.3
1.3.1
2.1
2.1.1
2.2
2.2.1
Theme 3
3.1
3.1.1
Theme 4
4.1
3.4.1
Theme [x]
[insert rows for
as many themes
as required]
[x]
[x]
Theme 2
ACTION PLAN
[insert name] Regional waste strategy
(2013–21)
Version / Date :
Approved by :
Theme
1
e.g. Avoidance and waste reduction
Objective
Action
Detail of action
Who is
responsible?
Timescale for
delivery
1.1
A
Replace household kerbside 240 litre bins with 40 litre bins for
general waste collection
Design food waste reduction education campaign
Contract manager
End of July 2017
Council education officer
April 2016
Detail of action
Who is
responsible?
Timescale for
delivery
Detail of action
Who is
responsible?
Timescale for
delivery
Detail of action
Who is
responsible?
Timescale for
delivery
e.g. To reduce waste
generation to 450 kg
/capita by 2021
B
1.2
Theme
Objective
2
Theme
Objective
3
Theme
Objective
[x]
Action
Action
Action
PROGRESS REPORTING
[insert name] Progress Report
Version / Date :
Approved by :
Headline Progress and Achievement Statement:
1.2
1.3
2.1
2.2
[x]
e.g. To
reduce
waste
generatio
n to 450
kg /capita
by 2021
Complete
?
Discussion
of
achievement
to date
New / subsequent actions
required based on
achievement
A
Replace
household
kerbside 240
litre bins with
140 litre bins for
general waste
collection
Ongoing
60% of council area
now on 140 litre bins
Need to source alternative supplier to meet target
and 100% rollout by July 2017
B
Design food
waste reduction
education
campaign
Yes
Campaign been live
since November 2014
ahead of schedule
No further action
Actions
1.1
Detail of
action
Target
achieved? /
on track to
achieve?
1.1.1
Yes
1.1.2
Behind
1.1.3
On track
1.1.4
On track
Target
Objective
WHERE ARE WE TODAY ?
• Population and demographic information
• Current and planned waste and resource recovery collection
and processing systems
• Waste tonnage data, including:
• historical waste trends and projections
• key performance indicators
• waste composition
• Waste and resource recovery collection, processing and
disposal contracts
• Governance, policy and legislation
• Stakeholders
TOOLS - UNDERSTANDING YOUR
CONTEXT
SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and
Threats)
Strengths
•X
•X
•X
Opportunities
•X
•X
•X
Weakness
•X
•X
•X
Threats
•X
•X
•X
TOOLS - UNDERSTANDING YOUR
CONTEXT
WHERE DO WE WANT TO GO?
•
•
•
•
Clear, consulted, strategic vision
Information, Data
Target setting
Gap analysis
TOOLS – UNDERSTANDING ASPIRATION
Organisation Spectrum
Exercise
In groups:
• Where your organisation is ‘Now’
•
•
2 minutes
Where you think your organisation see
itself / wants be in the future
•
Leadership and Innovation
Good Practice
Risk Management
2 minutes
Compliance
WHAT DO WE NEED TO DO?
• Develop Options
• Assess Options
• Cost
• Diversion
• Environmental impact
• Social
• Score Options
• Weighting
• Relative Importance
OTHER POINTS TO NOTE IN OPTIONS
ANALYSIS
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•
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Condition of existing infrastructure and future life
Flexibility and compatibility of infrastructure options
Unintended consequences
Political context
Affordability
Alignment with existing operations
Availability of suitable sites
Approvals process
Timeframe from idea to operation can vary significantly
•
•
•
Waste Transfer Station 2-4 years
Landfill 7+ years
AWT 4-6 years can be 20+
PROCESS…….
Options
Assessment
Waste
Strategy
Define Vision
Baseline Review
Targeting Setting
Define
Objectives and
Priorities
Action
Planning
Define Criteria
Understand
solutions to
meet criteria
Assess,
infrastructure
and behavioural
change
requirements
required
Implementation
Stage
Technology /
Infrastructure
Procurement
process (EOI, PQQ,
ISOS, ISDS etc)
Behavioural
change
programmes
Introduce
systems
STRATEGY MODELLING PROCESS
Regional
Profile
• Population
• Households
• Sociodemographics
• Geography
Waste
Generation
• Quantities
• Composition
• Growth profile
Collection
Systems
Mass Flow /
Infrastructure
•
•
•
•
• Transfer,
treatment and
disposal
infrastructure
• Material flows
• Mass, Cost,
Impact
Availability
Design
Presentation
Effectiveness
Baseline Position
STRATEGY MODELLING PROCESS
Regional
Profile
• +/populations
• +/households
Waste
Generation
• +/- waste qty
• Change
composition
Collection
Systems
Mass Flow /
Infrastructure
• +/- Change
coverage
• +/participation
• +/recognition
• +/- number of
materials
• +/- number of
facilities
• +/- facility
performance
• Change waste
flows
• +/- cost
Options Assessment
STRATEGY MODELLING PROCESS
•
•
•
•
•
•
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n
Collection
Systems
Waste
Generation
Regional
Profile
•
•
•
•
•
•
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n
•
•
•
•
•
•
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n
Mass Flow /
Infrastructure
•
•
•
•
•
•
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n
STRATEGY MODELLING PROCESS
•
•
•
•
•
•
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n’ 
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n
Collection
Systems
Waste
Generation
Regional
Profile
•
•
•
•
•
•
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n 
•
•
•
•
•
•
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n’ 
Option ‘n
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n
Mass Flow /
Infrastructure
•
•
•
•
•
•
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n’ 
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n
Option ‘n’
Option ‘n
= Scenario X
= Scenario ‘n’
MULTI-CRITERIA ASSESSMENT
Evaluation Criteria
Evaluation Criteria
Weighting
Option
Number Option Description
Evaluation Criteria 1
Evaluation Criteria 2
Evaluation Criteria 3
Evaluation Criteria etc....
Weighting "x"
Weighting "y"
Weighting "x"
Weighting "y"
Score
Weighted Score
Score
Weighted Score
Score
Weighted Score
Score
1
Option "1 Description"
A
. = Score (a) x
Weighting "x"
C
. = Score (c) x
Weighting "Y"
A
. = Score (a) x
Weighting "x"
F
2
Option "2 Description"
A
. = Score (a) x
Weighting "x"
C
. = Score (c) x
Weighting "Y"
A
. = Score (a) x
Weighting "x"
D
3
Option "3 Description"
C
. = Score (c) x
Weighting "x"
F
. = Score (f) x
Weighting "Y"
D
. = Score (d) x
Weighting "x"
A
4
Option "4 Description"
F
. = Score (f) x
Weighting "x"
D
. = Score (d) x
Weighting "Y"
E
. = Score (e) x
Weighting "x"
A
5
Option "5 Description"
D
. = Score (d) x
Weighting "x"
A
. = Score (a) x
Weighting "Y"
E
. = Score (e) x
Weighting "x"
C
6
Option "6 Description"
E
. = Score (e) x
Weighting "x"
A
. = Score (a) x
Weighting "Y"
D
. = Score (d) x
Weighting "x"
C
7
Option "7 Description"
A
. = Score (a) x
Weighting "x"
A
. = Score (a) x
Weighting "Y"
D
. = Score (d) x
Weighting "x"
C
8
Option "8 Description"
A
. = Score (a) x
Weighting "x"
E
. = Score (e) x
Weighting "Y"
E
. = Score (e) x
Weighting "x"
A
TOTAL
Weighted Score Weighted Score
Rank
<List in
. = Score (f) x
.= sum of
order of
Weighting "Y"
weighted scores scores>
<List in
. = Score (d) x
.= sum of
order of
Weighting "Y"
weighted scores scores>
<List in
. = Score (a) x
.= sum of
order of
Weighting "Y"
weighted scores scores>
<List in
. = Score (a) x
.= sum of
order of
Weighting "Y"
weighted scores scores>
<List in
. = Score (c) x
.= sum of
order of
Weighting "Y"
weighted scores scores>
<List in
. = Score (c) x
.= sum of
order of
Weighting "Y"
weighted scores scores>
<List in
. = Score (c) x
.= sum of
order of
Weighting "Y"
weighted scores scores>
<List in
. = Score (a) x
.= sum of
order of
Weighting "Y"
weighted scores scores>
IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS
• How the strategy aims and objectives will be met
• Action Plans
• How
• Who
• When
• Review and ongoing monitoring of Action Plan
• How
• Who
• When
IN SUMMARY
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Understand your context
Have a clear vision
Be prepared (rubbish in = rubbish out)
Consultative approach
Set achievable goals
Focused strategy = live document
Consider in light of infrastructure assessment
Approach
• Vision: What/where do we want to be?
• Strategy: What is the plan to get there?
• Tactics: What are the specific actions we will take?