CO2 Capture & EOR Potential
For:
Wyoming Pipeline Authority
July 25, 2006
By:
PLASMA, Inc.
Rich Schuller
PLASMA, Inc.
58 West Quartz
Butte, MT 59701
406-782-7756
Presentation
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PLASMA CO2 Capture Technology ready for Commercial Application:
• Ultra High Sulfur & Nitrogen recovery from solid sulfurous fuels –
Air Fired Emissive Plant.
• Captures high quality CO2 from existing power plant and new
power plants – Non-Emissive or No GHG.
California Governator & Legislature proposing CO2 reduction.
BP announces IGCC to make a H2-fired Cogen and CO2 sequestration.
PLASMA has formed a Consortium proposing a CO2 Capture Retrofit
Project for a Power Station & near-by Sequestration for Enhanced Oil
Recovery (EOR) for SoCal.
Giant CO2 Geological Sequestration potential in Northern Rocky
Mountains (Wyoming, Colorado & Montana).
Wyoming CO2 Capture & Sequestration Potential.
London CO2 Carbon Credit trading exchanges.
Conclusion
PLASMA Emissive Technology Superior
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Sulfur Removal superior any other techniques @
99.9% sulfur removal.
High NOx removal 70 to 85%.
Emissions equal or lower than coal Gasification.
Emissions equal or lower than gas fired GTCC.
Sulfur & NOx removal has over 5,000 hours of
operating experience at 25 & 50 MWt scale.
Oxy-firing operating experience at 40 to 50% O2 for
over 5,000 hours.
Significant part of PLASMA’s CO2 Capture Technology
or Zero Emission (no GHG).
Non-Emissive CO2 Capture Technology Reactions
Coal/Coke,S,N2 + O2/CO2 + K2CO3  CO2 + H20 +K2SO4+KNO3
CO2 Recycle
H 2O
Coal Fuel + K2
> 98% O2
PC Boiler
CO2 Captured
No Stack gas
Steam to EOR
Steam to Power
Solids(K2SO4 & KNO3 & Ash)
Captured CO2 – ultra low SOx <10 ppm & very low NOx
Geological CO2 Sequestration
with an Economic Incentive
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Enhance Oil Recovery (EOR):
 Permian Basin commercial operation.
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Wyoming & Colorado commercial operation.
Weyburn Saskatchewan commercial operation.
US DOE said Huge EOR Potential in 10 oil Basins in USA with 89
billion barrels increase in reserves.
Wyoming huge EOR Potential.
Coal Bed Methane (CBM) the only field study @ Burlington Resources
in San Basin Basin:
 CO2 enhances Methane production – 3 volumes CO2 produces 1
volume methane.
 N2 enhances Methane production – 4 volumes N2 produces
1 volume methane.
Wyoming huge Enhanced CBM potential (has any field
work been completed, since last year?)
California Proposing to Limit CO2 Emissions
In April 06 the California Governator proposed and
Legislature began the development of a legislative package
to limit and control the CO2 emissions in the State. They are
proposing a “Cap and Trade” and the proposed cap levels for
power generation is shown in the Table below:
California Proposed Legislation - CO2 Reduction Goals
CO2 million tonnes/Year
2010
2020
CEC – Total Municipal Utilities
4.8
18.9
CAPUC – Total Investor Owned Utilities
7.1
25.2
11.9
44.1
Totals Muni & IO Utilities
Sources: http://www.climatechange.ca.gov/
CAPUC & CACEC
DOE CO2 EOR Study for SoCal
Major Oil Basins & Potential
Power Plants for CO2 Capture
Idle PG&E
Kern Plant
Morro Bay
DOE states the fields needing
The largest CO2 volumes are:
• OXY’s Elk Hills
• Coalinga
• AERA’s Ventura Ave Field
• San Miguelito
• San Fe Springs
• Dominquez
CO2 Pipelines
Mandalay
Ormand Breach
Alamitos
BP Carson IGCC
Huntington Beach
California needs at least 4.5Bcf/Day of CO2 for
EOR shown above. 65% of CO2 is needed in
between Ventura to Santa Maria & Southern
SJV. LA Basin has a 35% CO2 requirement.
California Oil Companies are moving on CO2
Capture & CO2 Sequestration
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BP announces in February 2006 that is plans to spend a $1 billion
to make H2 and Capture CO2 from coke gasification at their Carson
refinery.
BP will build a Integrated Gasifier Combined Cycle (IGCC)
producing electric power.
~300 MMscf/d H2 will be made and combusted in gas turbine
combined cycle ~500 MWe gross power.
CO2 is recovered from water-shift reactor.
4 million tonnes CO2 will be captured and sequestered at a 90%
recovery rate from coke.
Occidental Petroleum is conducting CO2 sequestration for EOR
study for BP.
PLASMA formed a consortium with two Major Oil Companies and
currently has not made a public announcement of CO2 Capture
Retrofit Project and expected to be announced soon.
Comparison of Two CO2 Capture Technologies
IGCC Block Flow
Claus &
Tail gas
Unit
H2S
Water
Acid Syn-gas
H2S, CO & H2
Steam
Coke
CO2 (90%)
H2S
Amine
Unit
Partial Oxidation
Gasifier
800 to 1200 psig
O2
Compressor
Water
Shift
Reactor
O2
ASU
Steam
CO2 10% Where is It??
Steam Gen
&
Duct-firing
Hydrogen (H2)
Flue Gas
H2O & N2
Air
Gas Turbine/
Generator
Ash
Capture CO2
Hydrogen (H2)
CO & H2 Syn-gas
Oxygen
Air
Sulfur (S)
H2O & N2
Steam Turbine/
Generator
Steam
Power
Power
Nitrogen (N2)
CO2 Recycle
PLASMA Technology
Block Flow
Coal or Coke
Air
Flue Gas
CO2 & K2SO4
CO2
Baghouse
or ESP
Radiant Section
& Boiler
15 psig
Oxygen
New Equipment
Capture CO2
O2
ASU
K2CO3
Existing Equipment
Like in
Mandalay Retrofit
Nitrogen (N2)
K2SO4
& Ash
Steam
Steam Turbine/
Generator
Power
Target Generation Station – SoCal
Initially Unit #1 CO2 Capture Retrofit
CO2 Captured and Sequestrated in Oil Reservoir
CO2 Captured for EOR
CO2 Capture/Day :
Unit # 1 - 95 MMcf/d
Unit # 2 - 119 MMcf/d
including MHD
CO2 Capture/Yr:
Unit #1 – 1.6 MM mt/y
Unit #2 – 2.0 MM mt/y
Total - 3.6 MM mt/y
PLASMA’s CO2 Capture Retrofit Project Progress
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PLASMA has formed a CO2 Capture Project
Consortium with 2 Major Oil Companies.
MOU’s for both Power Output & Captured CO2.
CO2 will be compressed to liquid and supplied via new
pipeline to oil production fields.
Have secured a Major Bank as project advisor.
Starting “Lease with Purchase option” discussions
with current owner.
Strong support from CA Energy Commission (CEC).
Will inspect and run performance tests at the target
plant in August/September.
SoCal CO2 Capture from Existing Power Generation Stations
Target Power
Generation Station
MW’s
CO2
Captured
MMscf/D
CO2
Captured
MM T/Yr
Gas Credit
Not Used
Bcf/Yr
Potential (*)
AES – Alamitos
1,830
870
14.1
135
217,000
AES - Huntington
Beach –
820
390
6.3
60
97,000
1,000
475
7.6
74
118,000
430
210
3.5
32
54,000
Reliant – Ormand
Beach –
1,500
710
11.5
110
179,000
Totals for CA CO2
Capture Potential
5,580
2,655
43.0
411
665,000
LS Power - Morro Bay
Reliant – Mandalay
Assumes: 4,000 cf CO2/Bbl oil recovery
New EOR Oil
Bbls/D
Major Power Plants with
~ MMSCF/D CO2 Potential
Williston
Basin
EOR Target
Colstrip (931)
Cedar Creek Anticline
EOR Potential
Anadarko CO2
Pipeline
Wyodak (142)
CO2 Source Jim Bridger (898)
Gas Cleanup
Off-gas
Neil Simpson (55)
Dave Johnson (323)
Laramie (724)
Naughton (296)
Rawhide (128)
Bonanza (170)
Intermountain (697)
Huntington (380)
Hunter (560)
Carbon (77)
Arapahoe (98)
Craig (570)
Hayden (196)
Cherokee (302)
Source: Dag Nummendal
DOE 10 Basin Study CO2 for EOR – Feb. 06
Study conducted by Advanced Resources International – Houston, TX
Summary of DOE’s CO2 EOR Study USA Total – Feb 06
Basin/Region CO2 EOR
Technically Recoverable
Potential for 10 Regions
Technically
Recoverable
(Billion Bbls)
CO2 (*)
CO2 (*)
Power (*)
Needed
Captured
Capacity
MM scf/D
MM tonnes/Yr
MW’s
California
5.2
2,530
43.1
5,060
Alaska
12.4
6,040
102.9
12,080
Mid-Continent
11.8
5,750
97.9
11,500
Illinois & Michigan
1.5
730
12.4
1,460
Louisiana Offshore
5.9
2,870
49.0
5,750
Permian Basin (**)
20.8
10,130
172.7
20,260
4.2
2,050
34.8
4,090
Texas: Central & East
17.3
8,430
143.5
16,850
US Gulf Coast (Texas)
6.9
3,360
57.3
6,720
Williston Basin
2.7
1,310
22.4
2,630
88.7
43,200
736.0
86,400
Rocky Mountains
(WY
included)
Total 10 Regions
Notes: (*) PLASMA calculated 4,000 cf/Bbl CO2 & respective power plant capacities.
(**) Permian current CO2 is from natural geological sources.
How much oil can be produced from CO2??
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DOE says at least 89 billion barrels of increased
reserves up to as much 430 billion Bbls.
Assuming CO2 Capture happens instantly – assuming
a 25 year recovery rate on 89 billion Bbl then the
new additional daily production would be 10.8 million
Bbls/Day. For a 30 year recovery rate would be then
be 9 million Bbls/Day.
USA currently imports about 9 million Bbls/Day.
Now this is Real ENERGY INDEPENDENCE !!
Furthermore, it reduces the CO2 GHG emissions, as it
has been linked to global warming.
First 16 months of London PointCarbon Exchange Price Data
1st Year Reality adjustment
Suggestions for Wyoming Last year
and repeated again today!
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Unitization of fields would simplify the credit issue for those who
sign up for CO2 to be used for EOR.
Finance like a “Limited Improvement District”. Where every one
does not have to sign up at once, but there is a rebate to the
early signors for others capital costs paid by early signors.
Do CO2 field pilot floods studies for Coal Bed Methane for major
coal basins with CBM potential.
Do N2 field pilot flood studies for pressure displacement of
normal natural fields and CBM coal structures.
Extend WY Pipeline Authority to Williston Basin in Montana &
North Dakota.
(New) Why propose IGCC for CO2 Capture Technology
for WY Infrastructure Authority RFP? Feds have
similar funds available for other technologies!
Conclusion
 Message to Wyoming’s favored son VP
Dick - “Time to reduce CO2 Emissions… to
produce more domestic oil”
 Message to Al Gore – “We got the
message… It is time to reduce CO2
emissions”
 CO2 Capture & Geological Sequestration has substantial economic
value while reducing greenhouse gas (GHG).
 Good for Wyoming & USA!!