Chapter 6
Genes and Gene
Technology
Hereditary material that controls all the
activities of a cell, contains the
information to make new cells, and
provides instructions for making proteins
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Hereditary material that controls all the activities
of a cell, contains the information to make new
cells, and provides instructions for making
proteins
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A subunit of DNA consisting of a sugar, a
phosphate and one of four nitrogenous
bases
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Nucleotide
A subunit of DNA consisting of a sugar, a
phosphate and one of four nitrogenous
bases
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One of the four bases that combine
with sugar and phosphate to form a
nucleotide subunit of DNA; pairs
with thymine
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Adenine
One of the four bases that combine with
sugar and phosphate to form a
nucleotide subunit of DNA; pairs with
thymine
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One of the four bases that combine
with sugar and phosphate to form a
nucleotide subunit of DNA; pairs
with adenine
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Thymine
One of the four bases that combine with
sugar and phosphate to form a
nucleotide subunit of DNA; pairs with
adenine
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One of the four bases that combine
with sugar and phosphate to form a
nucleotide subunit of DNA; pairs
with cytosine
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Guanine
One of the four bases that combine with
sugar and phosphate to form a
nucleotide subunit of DNA; pairs with
cytosine
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One of the four bases that combine
with sugar and phosphate to form a
nucleotide subunit of DNA; pairs
with guanine
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Cytosine
One of the four bases that combine with
sugar and phosphate to form a
nucleotide subunit of DNA; pairs with
guanine
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A small organelle in cells where
proteins are made from amino acids
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Ribosome
A small organelle in cells where proteins
are made from amino acids
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A change in the order of bases in an
organism’s DNA; deletion, insertion
or substitution
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Mutation
A change in the order of bases in an
organism’s DNA; deletion, insertion or
substitution
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Anything that can damage or cause
changes in DNA
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Mutagen
Anything that can damage or cause
changes in DNA
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A diagram of family history used for
tracing a trait through several
generations
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Pedigree
A diagram of family history used for
tracing a trait through several
generations
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