ELC 200
Day 17
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Agenda
Questions from last Class?
Assignment 4 Not corrected
Still waiting for all to submit
Late policy is -20 for every day that it is late
Assignment 5 will be posted as soon as I figure out
the assignment.
Quiz two Corrected
5 A’s, 5 B’s, A C’s and 1 non-take
Todays’ discussion is on Intrabusiness,
E-Government, C2C, E-Learning, and More
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Chapter 7
Intrabusiness,
E-Government, C2C,
E-Learning, and More
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Learning Objectives
Define intrabusiness e-commerce and describe its
major activities
Describe the intranet and its use in organizations
Understand the relationship between corporate
portals and the intranets
Describe e-government to citizens (G2C) and to
business (G2B)
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Learning Objectives (cont.)
Describe various e-government initiatives
Understand how peer-to-peer technology
works in intrabusiness, B2B, and in C2C ecommerce
Discuss online publishing and e-books.
Describe e-learning and virtual universities
Describe knowledge management and
dissemination
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E-Learning at Cisco
The Problem
Cisco Systems sells devices that connect computers
and databases to the Internet and other networks
Products continuously being upgraded or
replaced
Extensive training is needed for:
Employees
Business partners
Independent students
In-house training 6 to 10 times a year was
expensive and ineffective
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E-Learning at Cisco (cont.)
The Solution
Implemented e-learning programs allow students
distance-learning of new software, hardware,
procedures
Encourages its employees to use e-learning, by:
“Nonthreatening”anonymous testing and
scoring
Additional incentives and rewards for e-learners
Makes e-learning a mandatory for employees
Offers easy access to e-learning tools
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E-Learning at Cisco (cont.)
The Results
Return on investment:
Saves $1,200 per SE
first offering—recovered development
costs and saved $8,000
By 2002, Cisco developed 75 e-learning
courses and was planning to develop more
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Intrabusiness and
Business-to-Employee E-Commerce
Intrabusiness EC—e-commerce activities
conducted within an organization
Between a business and its employees
Between units within the business
Among employees in the same business
Business-to-employees (B2E)—intrabusiness
in which an organization delivers products or
services to its employees
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Intrabusiness and B2E EC (cont.)
Training and education provided over intranets
Electronically order supplies and material needed
for work
Buy discounted insurance, travel packages, etc., on
corporate intranet
Corporate stores sell company’s products at a
discount
Businesses disseminate information on the intranet
Employees manage fringe benefits take classes and
more
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Activities Between Units
Within a Business
Large corporations consist of independent units
that “sell” or “buy” materials, products, and
services from each other
These transactions can easily be accomplished
over the intranet
Network constructed to link dealerships owned by
the corporation
Support communication
Collaboration
Execution of transactions
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Intrabusiness E-Commerce
at Toshiba America
At Toshiba:
300 dealers needed parts quickly
Orders placed by phone or fax by 2:00 in
order to have next-day delivery
Shipping fees expensive
Cumbersome order-entry system created in
1993 with no significant improvement
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Toshiba America (cont.)
1997, Toshiba created a Web-based order-entry
system using extranet/intranet
Dealers place orders for parts until 5:00 for nextday delivery—matter of hours to shipping
Physical warehouse in Memphis, TN near FedEx
headquarters ensures quick delivery
Dealers also:
Check accounts receivable balances
Pricing arrangements
Read service bulletins, etc.
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Activities Among
Corporate Employees
Large organizations have classified ads on
the intranet where employees can buy and
sell products and services from each other
Especially popular in universities
Interconnect their intranets to increase
exposure
Employees collaborate and communicate
using EC technologies
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Intranets
Intranet—a corporate LAN or wide area network
(WAN) that uses Internet technology and is
secured behind a company’s firewalls; designed
to serve the internal informational needs of a
company
Provides Internet capabilities, search engines,
tools for communication and collaboration
Cost of converting an existing network system to
internal Web is relatively low
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Intranets (cont.)
Fairly safe within company firewalls
Employees can get out on the Web easily
Outsiders cannot get into the intranet
Change organizational structures and procedures,
help reengineer corporations
More intranet examples:
Business intelligence
Public services
Corporate information
Customer service
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Wireless LANs Speed
Hospital Insurance Payments
Bridgeton—a holding company operating
four hospitals in New Jersey
Uses wireless LANs:
To process insurance documentation
To reduce the number of denied claims
Via notebook computers, nurses aggregate all
the documents needed by the insurance
company and submit them electronically
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Wireless LANs Speed
Hospital Insurance Payments (cont.)
Network environment :
Supports an intranet
Broadcasts data 120 feet from nursing workstations
Enable nurses to maintain a connection in patient
rooms
Radio card in the notebook computer goes into a
roaming mode similar to a cellular phone
Wireless environment enabled changes in
business processes
Faster
Fewer errors
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Wireless LANs Speed
Hospital Insurance Payments (cont.)
Good return on investment
Savings in six-figure dollar amounts
Moderate cost of setting up the network
$200 for each notebook computer radio
card
$750 for each of 28 wireless access
points
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Building Intranets
To build an intranet, a company needs:
Web servers
Browsers
Web publishing tools
Back-end databases
TCP/IP networks (LAN or WAN)
Firewalls
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Exhibit 7.1
Architecture of an Intranet
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Intranet Functionalities
Intranet functionalities
Web-based database access for ease of use
Search engines, indexing engines, directories
assisted by keyword search
Interactive communication—chatting, audio
support, videoconferencing
Document distribution and workflow
Groupware
Conduit for computer-based telephony system
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Intranet Application Areas
Intranet application areas
Search and access to
documents
Personalized
information
Enhanced knowledge
sharing
Individual decision
making
Software distribution
Document
management
Project management
Training
Enhanced transaction
processing
Paperless information
delivery
Employees control
their own information
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Benefits of an Extranet
When intranets are combined with an external
connection to create an extranet, benefits
occur:
Much cheaper
Electronic commerce
Customer service
Enhanced group decision making and business
processes
Virtual organizations
Improved administrative processes
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Industry-Specific Intranet Solutions
Classified by industry instead of technology
Top 100 intranet/extranet solutions
classifications
Financial services
Information technology
Manufacturing
Retail
Services
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Enterprise (Corporate) Portals
Corporate (enterprise) portal—a gateway for
entering a corporate Web site, enabling
communication, collaboration, and access to
company information
Provide single-point access to specific enterprise
information and applications available on:
Internet
Intranets
Extranets
Companies may have separate portals for
outsiders and for insiders
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Exhibit 7.2
Corporate Portal as a Gateway to
Information
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Corporate Portals Applications
Knowledge bases and
learning tools
Business process support
Customer facing sales,
marketing, services
Collaboration and project
support
Access to data from
disparate corporate
systems
Personalized pages for
users
Effective search and
indexing tools
Security applications
Best practices and
lessons learned
Directories and bulletin
boards
Identification of experts
News
Internet access
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Exhibit 7.3
Corporate Portal Framework
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Intranet/Portal Example:
Cadence Design Systems
Business challenge
Support customer’s entire product
development cycle
Sales
Delivery
Needed a real understanding of organization’s
issues while interacting with customers
Coordination
Communication
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Cadence Design Systems (cont.)
The solution: intranet and portal technology
Corporate portal—Web-based single point of information
supporting sales process
OnTrack uses home page with links to other pages
Unified tool provides all information and data
needed
All creators of information are responsible for
maintaining information in OnTrack
Custom tools make it easy to add a message to the
daily newsletter, modify a step in sales process, or
update a customer presentation
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Cadence Design Systems (cont.)
Lessons learned
Difficult task to balance cost of training
against return
Key to success—unifying technology with
process
Design structure to satisfy 80% instead of
100% of process
Outsourced creation of application
Shortened training time for new sales reps
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E-Government: An Overview
E-government—the use of IT and e-commerce to
provide access to government information and
delivery of public services to citizens and business
partners
Efficient and effective method of conducting
business transactions
Opportunity to improve the efficiency and
effectiveness of the functions of government
Make government more transparent to citizens
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Government-to-Citizens (G2C)
Government-to-citizens (G2C)—e-government
category that includes all the interactions between
a government and its citizens
Citizens can:
Find all the information they need on the Web
Ask questions and receive answers
Pay tax and bills
Receive payments and documents
Electronic benefits transfer (EBT) is an example of
G2C applications
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Government-to-Business (G2B)
Government-to-business (G2B)—egovernment category that includes
interactions between governments and
businesses (government selling to
businesses and providing them with
services, and businesses selling products
and services to government)
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Government-to-Business (cont.)
E-procurement
Large amounts of MROs and materials direct from
many suppliers
Uses basically a reverse auction system
E-auctions
Auction surpluses from vehicles to real estate
May use 3rd-party site
http://gsaauctions.gov/gsaauctions/aucitdsc/
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Contract Management in Australia
Western Australian (WA) government
agency CAMS Online focus is to develop
online contract management solutions for
the public sector
Government agencies can search existing
contracts to access the commonly used
contracts
Government suppliers can view the current
tenders (bids)
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Contract Management in Australia (cont.)
Provides government departments with
expert advice on:
E-commerce
Internet
Satellite services
How-to’s on building a bridge between the
technological needs of the public sector and
the expertise of the private sector
Offers various types of support for
government procurement activities
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Contract Management in Australia (cont.)
Support of e-commerce activities
Government electronic market provides
ProcureLink
SalesNet
Training online
Westlink delivers adult training and educational
programs to remote areas and schools
Videoconferencing service offers two-way video
and audio links
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Government-to-Government (G2G)
Government-to-government (G2G)—
e-government category that includes activities
within government units and those between
governments
Government-to-employees (G2E)—
e-government category that includes activities
and services between government units and
their employees
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G2E in the U.S. Navy
The U.S. Navy uses G2E to improve the
flow of information to sailors and their
families
Quality-of-life information includes:
Self-help
Deployment support
Stress management
Parenting advice
Relocation assistance
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G2E in the U.S. Navy (cont.)
Other e-services to
navy personnel:
Lifelines2000.org
reaches overseas
personnel using:
Internet
Simulcasting
Teleconferencing
Cable television
Satellite
broadcasting
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Online banking
Personal finance
services
Insurance
Education
Training
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Implementing E-Government:
Transformation Process
Stage 1: information publishing/dissemination
Individual government departments set up their
own Web sites that provide:
Information about them
Range of services available
Contacts for further assistance
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Transformation Process (cont.)
Stage 2: official two-way transactions
Using legally valid digital signatures and secure
Web sites, customers:
Submit personal information
Conduct monetary transactions
Customers must be convinced that:
System keeps their information private
System is free of piracy
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Transformation Process (cont.)
Stage 3: multipurpose portals
Customer-centric governments enhance service
delivery
Customer needs can cut across department
boundaries, portal allows customers to use single
point-of-entry to:
Send and receive information
Process monetary transactions across
multiple departments
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Transformation Process (cont.)
Stage 4: portal personalization
Customers can access a variety of services at a
single Web site
Customers can customize portals with their
desired features
Requires sophisticated Web programming
allowing interfaces
Added benefit is that governments get a more
accurate read on customer preference
Electronic services
Non-electronic services
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Transformation Process (cont.)
Stage 5: clustering of common services
All real transformation of government
structure takes shape here
Customers see a unified package instead of
once-disparate services
Distinction between departments begins to
blur
Recognize groups of transactions instead of
groups of agencies
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Transformation Process (cont.)
Stage 6: full integration and enterprise
transformation (see next slide)
Digital encyclopedia is now:
Full-service center
Personalized to each customer’s needs
and preferences
Old walls defining services are torn down
Technology integrated across new government
structure bridging gap between front and back
offices
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Exhibit 7.4
The Stages of E-Government
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E-Government in the State of
Victoria, Australia
Maxi (Maxi.com.au) is Victoria’s
e-government initiative with more than 30
government-related services
Register vehicles
Obtain drivers licenses
Order birth certificates
Notify government of changes of address
Pay utility bills and fines
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Victoria, Australia (cont.)
Internet portal features four service
areas:
1. General information about Maxi
2. Bill payment and services by agencies
3. Life events (change of address, getting
married, turning 18)
4. A business channel
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Victoria, Australia (cont.)
Maxi kiosks are located in:
Shopping centers
Libraries
Government offices
Other public locations around Victoria
SecureNet Certificates provide:
Digital certificates of authenticity
Public keys for digital signatures
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Victoria, Australia (cont.)
To encourage greater use, Maxi offered a
lucky draw to users
Customer adoption of Maxi has exceeded
the government’s expectations
First year—24,000 transactions/month
40% of transactions occur outside normal 9to-5 business hours
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Implementation Issues
Transformation—change is very slow
Implementing G2B
Build customer trust by increasing:
Privacy
Security
Confidentiality
Plan technology for growth and customer friendliness
Manage access channels to optimize value
Weigh in-sourcing vs. outsourcing
Include strong change management program
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Implementing E-Government (cont.)
Security issues—concerns include:
Data about citizens stays secure
Privacy of individuals is maintained
Non-Internet e-government
Emergency situations like the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) paperless help for
California earthquake victims
Auctions conducted over private, secured lines
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Customer-to-Customer Applications
Customer-to-customer e-commerce (C2C)—ecommerce in which both the buyer and the
seller are individuals (not businesses);involves
activities such as auctions and classified ads
Classified ads
Personal services
Exchanges
http://maine.craigslist.org/
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Peer-to-Peer
Networks & Applications
Peer-to-peer (P2P)—a network architecture in
which each workstation (or PC) has similar
capabilities; the networked peers share data
and processing with each other directly rather
than through a central server
Each workstation (PC) has similar capabilities
Benefit of P2P expands the universe of
information accessible
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Peer-to-Peer Networks (cont.)
Characteristics of P2P systems
User interface loaded outside the Web browser
User computers act both as clients or as servers
Overall system is easy to use
System includes tools to support users wishing to
create content or add functionality
System provides connection with other uses
System does something new or exciting
Supports “cross-networking” protocols
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Exhibit 7.5
Peer-to-Peer Networks
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Peer-to-Peer Applications
P2P applications in C2C
C2C—users sell digital goods directly from their
computers rather than go through centralized
servers
Computer resources and data file sharing—in
modern office setting disk drives and printers are
shared
Intranet business applications—P2P facilitates
internal collaboration
File sharing and swapping
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Peer-to-Peer Applications (cont.)
Business-to business
People can share
information but are
not required to send
it to an unknown
server
Companies use P2P
architecture as a
base for speeding
up business
transactions
Companies can deliver
two-way collaborative
interactions that are:
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Dynamic
In real-time
Collaborative
Cost-effective
Client-focused
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Peer-to-Peer Applications (cont.)
Business-to-consumer—combining P2P with
collaborative filtering for product searches
1. User enters search keyword
2. Keyword is sent to 100 peers, which search local
indices of Web pages
3. Those computers also relay query to 100 to 100
to 100 of their peers until 1,000,000 computers
are queried
4. Resulting URLs are returned to the user,
weighted in favor of most recently visited pages
and peers with similar interests
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Online Publishing
Online publishing—the electronic delivery of
newspapers, magazines, news, music,
videos, and other digitizable information
over the Internet
Mainly used for disseminating information and
for conducting sales transactions interactively
Includes customized material that the reader
will receive free, or for a fee
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Online Publishing (cont.)
Publishing Modes
Publishing Methods
Newspapers
Online archive
New medium
Publishing
intermediation
Dynamic or just-intime
Magazines
News
Textbooks
Music
Artwork
Video clips
Movies
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Online Publishing (cont.)
Content providers and distributors
Challenges moving into areas with lessdeveloped infrastructures
Issues of intellectual property is a
consideration
Akamai.com
Digisle.com
Edgix.com
Digimarc.com provides a tool for linking print
publications with the Web
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Online Publishing (cont.)
Publishing music, videos, and games
Major issue is payment of intellectual property
fees
Peer-to-peer (P2P) model—people swap files
3rd-party organizer are in violation of copyright
laws (Napster)
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Online Publishing (cont.)
Edutainment—combination of education
and entertainment, often through games
Goal: encourage students to become active
learners
Managerial issues
Educational games delivered as CD-ROMs
Distance-learning format
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Exhibit 7.6
A New Content Delivery Model
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Electronic Books
E-book—a book in digital form that can be
read on a computer screen
Human readers must have an e-book reader:
Adobe Acrobat eBook Reader
Microsoft Reader
Portable and convenient to carry—70 e-books
on one CD-ROM
Can be updated frequently
Contain up-to-the-minute information
Are easy to search
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E-Learning
E-learning—the online delivery of information
for purposes of education, training, knowledge
management, or performance management
Challenges of e-learning
Learner’s challenge is to change the mindset of
how learning typically takes place
Content provider’s challenge is to make
learning more interactive and engaging
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E-Learning (cont.)
Benefits of e-learning—the great equalizer
Eliminates barriers of time, distance, socioeconomic
status
Individuals take charge of their own lifelong
learning experience
E-learning provides a new set of tools that add
value to traditional learning modes
Does not replace the classroom setting, but
enhances it
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E-Learning (cont.)
E-learning also used in the business
environment
Provides a superior learning and communication
model that:
Increases access to learning
Provides clear accountability for all
participants
Reduces costs
Equips employees with the knowledge and
information needed to help increase customer
satisfaction
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E-Learning (cont.)
Drawbacks of e-learning
Need for instructor retraining
Equipment needs and support services
Lack of face-to-face interaction and campus
life
Assessment
Maintenance and updating
Protection of intellectual property
Computer literacy
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E-Learning (cont.)
Distance learning—formal education that
takes place off campus, usually, but not
always, through online resources
Virtual university—an online university
from which students take classes from
home or other off-site location via the
Internet
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E-Learning (cont.)
Virtual universities offer classes worldwide
May soon see integrated degrees, where students
can customize a degree that will best fit their needs
and take courses at different universities
Online Training
A large number of organizations are using online
training on a large scale
digitalthink.com
click2learn.com
smartplanet.com
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Exhibit 7.7
Effects of E-Commerce Forces on
Education
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Question
Define the following
Data
Information
Knowledge
Understanding
Wisdom
Where does learning (and teaching) fit??
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Knowledge Management
Knowledge management (KM)—the process of
capturing or creating knowledge, storing it,
updating it constantly, and interpreting and using
it whenever necessary
Knowledge base—the repository for an enterprise’s
accumulated knowledge
Promotes an integrated approach to the process of
identifying, capturing, retrieving, sharing,
evaluating enterprise information assets:
Documented
Tacit expertise stored in individuals’ heads
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Online Advice and Consulting
Medical advice
Management consulting
Legal advice
Gurus
Financial advice
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Portal Speed R&D at Amway
For effective R&D, Amway must develop new
products in a streamlined and cost-efficient
manner
To support design activity the need fast and
easy access to:
Product specifications
Design criteria
Costs
Formulas
Production schedules
Sales trends
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Amway (cont.)
Artemis—a business intelligence and
knowledge management portal
Easier access to corporate knowledge
Browser-based intranet application that enables
R&D to:
Quickly find the information and knowledge
they require
Collaboration tools
Database for locating company experts
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Amway (cont.)
Lotus Notes/Domino search agent enables
employees to:
Pull data from disparate corporate sources
Generate dynamic reports
Work in a highly secured environment
Time required to access information:
Dropped from days to minutes or seconds
Enabling fast “what-if” investigations
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Summary
Intrabusiness EC defined—all EC initiatives conducted
within one organization
The intranet and its use in organizations—used for
internal communication, collaboration, and discovery
of information in various internal databases
The relationship between the corporate portal and the
intranet—gateway through which users access the
various applications conducted over the intranet,
E-government to citizens—governments providing a
large variety of services to citizens over the Internet
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Summary (cont.)
Other e-government activities—using EC
applications for great savings (e.g., e-procurement
using reverse auctions)
Applications of peer-to-peer technology—allows
direct communication for sharing files and for
collaboration
Online publishing and e-books is growing rapidly
E-learning, virtual universities, and knowledge
management and dissemination—is the delivery of
educational content via electronic media
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