Honors Paideia Agenda B 9/21/2015
 Housekeeping- place homework on the right corner,
sharpen your pencils, dispose of any trash etc.

Distribute AOW and Vocabulary
 Warm Up and SSR
 Review the Objectives and Essential Question
 Grammar/ Writing Notes and Practice
 Stylistic Devices Notes
 Continue Working on the Amendment Project
 Complete a Closure Question
Honors Paideia Agenda A 9/22/2015
 Housekeeping- place homework on the right corner,
sharpen your pencils, dispose of any trash etc.

Distribute AOW and Vocabulary
 Warm Up
 Review the Objectives and Essential Question
 Grammar/ Writing Notes and Practice
 Stylistic Devices Notes
 Continue Working on the Amendment Project
 Complete a Closure Question
5 Often Used Sentence Structures/Punctuation
 Independent clause (period) new independent clause
(period).

Jane lit the campfire. Frank set up the tent.
 Independent clause (comma plus conjunction)
independent clause (period).

Jane lit the campfire, and Frank set up the tent.
 Independent clause (semicolon) independent clause
(period).

Jane lit the campfire; Frank set up the tent.
 Independent clause (comma) dependent clause(period)

Jane lit the campfire, while Frank set up the tent.
 Dependent clause (comma) independent clause (period)

As Jane lit the campfire, Frank set up the tent.
Reminders for creating good sentences
 Try to use a combination of the 5 often used sentence
structures to keep your writing interesting and fresh.
 Remember the diction! Use active verbs.


Okay- She had eaten a great meal around noon.
Better- She ate a great meal around noon.
 Use strong verbs, making sure your diction is
specific.



Instead of eat/ate – consumed, devoured, gobble, gnaw, chew,
wolf, munch, etc.
Instead of great-appetizing, delectable, luscious, savory,
scrumptious, yummy, etc.
Best-She devoured the scrumptious meal around noon.
Common Errors in Sentence Structure
Sentence Fragments
2. Run-ons and comma splices
3. Misplaced modifiers (descriptive words)
4. Non-parallel construction
1.
Error #1: Sentence Fragments
 A complete sentence must have a subject, verb, and a
complete thought. In other words it must be or contain
an independent clause.


We can change it into a dependent clause by adding just one word


Tom broke the vase- This is an independent clause.
When Tom broke the vase- Even though it still has a subject and a
verb, this clause can no longer stand alone because it lacks a complete
though.
You can turn any independent clause into a dependent clause by
adding one of the following words to the beginning of the clause:
when, where, why, how, if , as , because, although, while, despite,
that, who , what - these words may be considered subordinating
conjunctions, relative pronouns, or prepositions depending upon
how they are being used.
Sentence Fragments Continued
 There are two types of sentence fragments
1. The first is just a dependent clause waiting for a second
half that isn’t there.


Example: As the children ran behind, shouting and laughing
This can be corrected by adding the complete thought.
The second type of sentence is formed when incorrect
punctuation is used.
2.


Example: Although it will always be associated with Shakespeare’s
famous literary character. The castle at Elsinore was never home
to Hamlet.
This can be corrected by removing the subordinate conjunction or
combining both clauses to make one long sentence.
Practice: Rewrite the paragraph using good organization, SC+O+P topic sentence,
varying the sentence structures, avoiding fragments, and using active and strong
verbs.
Golf can be a great sport to play. It can be fun to
hit a golf ball around for nine to 18 holes. You may
need a lot of practice and mental toughness. Practice
can be easy but you need toughness too. Golf can be
really fun if you are play it really well. Playing golf
badly can cause a lot of frustration too.
Rhetorical Devices
 The focus should be on repetition and details
 Repetition- repeating a word or phrase to provide
emphasis
 Details – Help to focus the reader’s attention on
important ideas and shapes the reader’s
understanding and view of a topic.


In Nonfiction-IT INCLUDES FACTS, OBSERVATIONS,
REASONS, EXAMPLES, QUOTATIONS, AND INCIDENTS
In Fiction- It is imagery-details that created a clear mental
picture for the reader by focusing on particulars rather that
abstractions
Stylistic Devices
 Stylistic Devices are also know as Figurative Language.
 Figurative language is any language that is NOT used in a literal (meaning exactly
what it says) way. It is a way of saying one thing and meaning another.
 We use figurative language, or figures of speech all of the time. For example, at a
baseball game we may say:





That catcher was the heat!
That ball sat in the outfield.
Jimmy ran like a cheetah to first base.
If we look at these statement literally, they make no sense at all. (A person is
heat, a ball can’t sit, and Jimmy is not a cheetah)
Even though the statement make no literal sense we understand them. We know
that when we say the catcher is the heat- we man he is skilled, practices, and
maybe cute too.
 We use figurative language because it is rich, strong, and a vivid way
to express meaning. Consequently, we are able to say much more in
fewer words.
 When it is over used, however it becomes an cliché (a stale and
overused expression) Example: pretty as a picture and quiet as a
mouse.
We will begin with metaphors, similes, and
personification
 Metaphors and similes are used to compare things
that are not usually seen as similar. Metaphors
imply the comparison, and similes state the
comparison directly.

Example: The test was a bear! You are not saying that it was a
literal bear but that it was unpredictable and hard to deal with.
The comparison between the test and bear is not directly
stated. Instead, the comparison is implied or suggested. You
identify the bear with the test. That’s what a metaphor does.
 A metaphor implies a comparison in order to bring
fresh, rich meaning to writing and speaking.
Similes
 Simile is a comparison, too. With a simile, however, the
comparison is directly stated. The writer makes the
comparison explicit.

The test was like struggling with a bear. It is still non-literal
language (taking the test is not really like struggling with a bear) but
with a simile you come right out and state the comparison.
 Similes have a signal word that give you a hint a simile is
coming. These words include as, like, than, similar to,
and resembles.

Be careful these words don’t always indicate similes. I look like my
sister is not using a simile it is a literal. To be a simile or metaphor,
the comparison must be of essentially unlike things.
Metaphors and Similes
 Metaphors and similes have literal terms and
figurative terms.


The literal term is what we are comparing to something else.
It’s what’s real: it means what it is. For example the literal
term in the metaphor, that test was a bear is test. We are really
talking about a test.
The figurative term is what is being compared to the literal
term. The figurative term means something other than itself,
something non literal. The figurative term in the metaphor is
bear. The test is not a bear, but it has some bear-like qualities
that can help us understand just how hard the test was.
Metaphor vs. Simile
Figure of
Speech
I got a flood of
mail yesterday.
Alice sang like a
crow.
Jeff was taller than
the Empire State
Building.
The shoes cost a
king’s ransom.
Metaphor or
Simile?
Literal Term
Figurative Term
Personification
 Personification is a special kind of metaphor that
gives human qualities to something that is not
human, such as an animal, an object, or an idea.

The tree sighed sadly in the cold- we are using personification.
A tree can’t really sigh or be sad. We are giving the tree
characteristics of a person.
 Personification, since it is a kind of metaphor, has a
literal and figurative term. In the example above, the
literal term is the tree (it is really a tree) and the
figurative term is a person (the tree is not really a
person who can sigh and be sad). In personification
the figurative term is always a person.
Practice writing examples of metaphors, similes, and
personification for the literal terms below.
Literal Term Possible
Figurative
Terms
Metaphor
Simile
Personificati
on
Friendship
Lea’s
friendship is a
lighthouse.
Lea’s
friendship is
like a
lighthouse.
Lea’s
friendship
wrapped my
sadness in a
warm blanket
Cleaning your
room
Shirt
Cafeteria
lunch
Dancing
Lighthouse,
warm blanket
Honors Paideia Agenda B 9/23/2015
 Housekeeping- place homework on the right corner,







sharpen your pencils, dispose of any trash etc.
Complete the Ticket-In, Review Vocabulary, and SSR
Review the Objectives and Essential Questions
Grammar Practice
Stylistic Devices Practice
Writing Practice
Socratic Seminar
Complete a Closure Question
Identify the subject, objects, conjunctions, independent, and
dependent clauses in each sentence. Then indicate if the sentence
is a correct or a fragment. If it is a fragment, correct the sentence.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The Capitol is on Congress Avenue. Which is the
widest street in the city.
Dr. Anderson resigned her professorship, a
position she had held for twenty years.
The reporter from CNN asked the senator probing
questions. Suspecting a cover-up.
To break the story; that was the reporter’s goal.
David cleaned his glasses. Absentmindedly, with
the hem of his lamb’s wool sweater.
Stylistic Devices Practice
“I have a dream that one day even the state of
Mississippi, a desert state sweltering with the heat of
injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an
oasis of freedom and justice.”- MLK, I Have a Dream
Identify two examples of figurative language in the
passage. Are the figures of speech metaphors or similes?
How do you know the language is figurative?
2. What does the figurative language add to the passage?
3. Rewrite the passage from Dr. King’s speech without any
figurative language. Contrast your sentence with the
original and be prepared to speak about the differences.
1.
Honors Paideia A 9/24/2015
 Housekeeping- place homework on the right corner,
sharpen your pencils, dispose of any trash etc.
 Review the Objectives and Essential Questions
 Test 2
 Complete a Closure Question
Honors Paideia B 9/25/2015
 Housekeeping- place homework on the right corner,
sharpen your pencils, dispose of any trash etc.
 Review the Objectives and Essential Questions
 Test 2
 Complete a Closure Question